1,239 research outputs found

    A Priority-based Fair Queuing (PFQ) Model for Wireless Healthcare System

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    Healthcare is a very active research area, primarily due to the increase in the elderly population that leads to increasing number of emergency situations that require urgent actions. In recent years some of wireless networked medical devices were equipped with different sensors to measure and report on vital signs of patient remotely. The most important sensors are Heart Beat Rate (ECG), Pressure and Glucose sensors. However, the strict requirements and real-time nature of medical applications dictate the extreme importance and need for appropriate Quality of Service (QoS), fast and accurate delivery of a patient’s measurements in reliable e-Health ecosystem. As the elderly age and older adult population is increasing (65 years and above) due to the advancement in medicine and medical care in the last two decades; high QoS and reliable e-health ecosystem has become a major challenge in Healthcare especially for patients who require continuous monitoring and attention. Nevertheless, predictions have indicated that elderly population will be approximately 2 billion in developing countries by 2050 where availability of medical staff shall be unable to cope with this growth and emergency cases that need immediate intervention. On the other side, limitations in communication networks capacity, congestions and the humongous increase of devices, applications and IOT using the available communication networks add extra layer of challenges on E-health ecosystem such as time constraints, quality of measurements and signals reaching healthcare centres. Hence this research has tackled the delay and jitter parameters in E-health M2M wireless communication and succeeded in reducing them in comparison to current available models. The novelty of this research has succeeded in developing a new Priority Queuing model ‘’Priority Based-Fair Queuing’’ (PFQ) where a new priority level and concept of ‘’Patient’s Health Record’’ (PHR) has been developed and integrated with the Priority Parameters (PP) values of each sensor to add a second level of priority. The results and data analysis performed on the PFQ model under different scenarios simulating real M2M E-health environment have revealed that the PFQ has outperformed the results obtained from simulating the widely used current models such as First in First Out (FIFO) and Weight Fair Queuing (WFQ). PFQ model has improved transmission of ECG sensor data by decreasing delay and jitter in emergency cases by 83.32% and 75.88% respectively in comparison to FIFO and 46.65% and 60.13% with respect to WFQ model. Similarly, in pressure sensor the improvements were 82.41% and 71.5% and 68.43% and 73.36% in comparison to FIFO and WFQ respectively. Data transmission were also improved in the Glucose sensor by 80.85% and 64.7% and 92.1% and 83.17% in comparison to FIFO and WFQ respectively. However, non-emergency cases data transmission using PFQ model was negatively impacted and scored higher rates than FIFO and WFQ since PFQ tends to give higher priority to emergency cases. Thus, a derivative from the PFQ model has been developed to create a new version namely “Priority Based-Fair Queuing-Tolerated Delay” (PFQ-TD) to balance the data transmission between emergency and non-emergency cases where tolerated delay in emergency cases has been considered. PFQ-TD has succeeded in balancing fairly this issue and reducing the total average delay and jitter of emergency and non-emergency cases in all sensors and keep them within the acceptable allowable standards. PFQ-TD has improved the overall average delay and jitter in emergency and non-emergency cases among all sensors by 41% and 84% respectively in comparison to PFQ model

    Will 5G See its Blind Side? Evolving 5G for Universal Internet Access

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    Internet has shown itself to be a catalyst for economic growth and social equity but its potency is thwarted by the fact that the Internet is off limits for the vast majority of human beings. Mobile phones---the fastest growing technology in the world that now reaches around 80\% of humanity---can enable universal Internet access if it can resolve coverage problems that have historically plagued previous cellular architectures (2G, 3G, and 4G). These conventional architectures have not been able to sustain universal service provisioning since these architectures depend on having enough users per cell for their economic viability and thus are not well suited to rural areas (which are by definition sparsely populated). The new generation of mobile cellular technology (5G), currently in a formative phase and expected to be finalized around 2020, is aimed at orders of magnitude performance enhancement. 5G offers a clean slate to network designers and can be molded into an architecture also amenable to universal Internet provisioning. Keeping in mind the great social benefits of democratizing Internet and connectivity, we believe that the time is ripe for emphasizing universal Internet provisioning as an important goal on the 5G research agenda. In this paper, we investigate the opportunities and challenges in utilizing 5G for global access to the Internet for all (GAIA). We have also identified the major technical issues involved in a 5G-based GAIA solution and have set up a future research agenda by defining open research problems

    Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial Communication Networks for the Maritime Internet of Things: Key Technologies, Opportunities, and Challenges

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    With the rapid development of marine activities, there has been an increasing number of maritime mobile terminals, as well as a growing demand for high-speed and ultra-reliable maritime communications to keep them connected. Traditionally, the maritime Internet of Things (IoT) is enabled by maritime satellites. However, satellites are seriously restricted by their high latency and relatively low data rate. As an alternative, shore & island-based base stations (BSs) can be built to extend the coverage of terrestrial networks using fourth-generation (4G), fifth-generation (5G), and beyond 5G services. Unmanned aerial vehicles can also be exploited to serve as aerial maritime BSs. Despite of all these approaches, there are still open issues for an efficient maritime communication network (MCN). For example, due to the complicated electromagnetic propagation environment, the limited geometrically available BS sites, and rigorous service demands from mission-critical applications, conventional communication and networking theories and methods should be tailored for maritime scenarios. Towards this end, we provide a survey on the demand for maritime communications, the state-of-the-art MCNs, and key technologies for enhancing transmission efficiency, extending network coverage, and provisioning maritime-specific services. Future challenges in developing an environment-aware, service-driven, and integrated satellite-air-ground MCN to be smart enough to utilize external auxiliary information, e.g., sea state and atmosphere conditions, are also discussed

    Requirement analysis for building practical accident warning systems based on vehicular ad-hoc networks

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    An Accident Warning System (AWS) is a safety application that provides collision avoidance notifications for next generation vehicles whilst Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) provide the communication functionality to exchange these notifi- cations. Despite much previous research, there is little agreement on the requirements for accident warning systems. In order to build a practical warning system, it is important to ascertain the system requirements, information to be exchanged, and protocols needed for communication between vehicles. This paper presents a practical model of an accident warning system by stipulating the requirements in a realistic manner and thoroughly reviewing previous proposals with a view to identify gaps in this area

    Architecture design for disaster resilient management network using D2D technology

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    Huge damages from natural disasters, such as earthquakes, floods, landslide, tsunamis, have been reported in recent years, claiming many lives, rendering millions homeless and causing huge financial losses worldwide. The lack of effective communication between the public rescue/safety agencies, rescue teams, first responders and trapped survivors/victims makes the situation even worse. Factors like dysfunctional communication networks, limited communications capacity, limited resources/services, data transformation and effective evaluation, energy, and power deficiency cause unnecessary hindrance in rescue and recovery services during a disaster. The new wireless communication technologies are needed to enhance life-saving capabilities and rescue services. In general, in order to improve societal resilience towards natural catastrophes and develop effective communication infrastructure, innovative approaches need to be initiated to provide improved quality, better connectivity in the events of natural and human disasters. In this thesis, a disaster resilient network architecture is proposed and analysed using multi-hop communications, clustering, energy harvesting, throughput optimization, reliability enhancement, adaptive selection, and low latency communications. It also examines the importance of mode selection, power management, frequency and time resource allocation to realize the promises of Long-term Evolution (LTE) Device to Device (D2D) communication. In particular, to support resilient and energy efficient communication in disaster-affected areas. This research is examined by thorough and vigorous simulations and validated through mathematical modelling. Overall, the impact of this research is twofold: i) it provides new technologies for effective inter- and intra-agency coordination system during a disaster event by establishing a stronger and resilient communication; and ii) It offers a potential solution for stakeholders such as governments, rescue teams, and general public with new informed information on how to establish effective policies to cope with challenges before, during and after the disaster events

    Regulación y estrategias para la transformación digital eficiencia en la expansión de redes y en la provisión de bienes y servicios digitales

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    Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, leída el 06/11/2017The digital transformation taking place in the last decades is a revolution with a deep economic, social, and cultural impact. It has created enormous opportunities and also new risks. Growth, enhanced productivity, increased citizenship engagement, better democracy and social inclusion are some of the opportunities but at the same time these transformations are challenging human and consumer rights, social policies and economic efficiency. Reaching the huge potential benefits of the digital revolution requires economic analysis to guide new regulations and policies accompanying technological advancement. This thesis proposes regulations and strategies for an optimal provision of digital networks, goods and services contributing to some of the topics of focus in recent literature on digital economy. One problem is entry barriers to companies selling internet access. We contribute to the literature by analyzing one of the causes of the existence of entry barriers, the problem of how efficiently allocate the radio-spectrum. Another problem is the optimal prices to remunerate network providers, digital service providers, consumers and vendors. We contribute by examining the impact of price discrimination of internet content providers under duopolistic competition and multi-dimensional product differentiation in retail broadband access in chapter 3. Chapter 1 offers some proposals for the evaluation of the efficient allocation of spectrum to radio communication services. New approaches to spectrum management have resulted in a more efficient production of services. However, the role of the public sector is still essential in spectrum allocation. This chapter provides a methodology to measure the net benefit of the reallocation of a spectrum band intended to guide regulators and policy makers. We have identified the following facts...La transformación digital que está teniendo lugar en las últimas décadas es una revolución con un profundo impacto económico, social y cultural que ha creado enormes oportunidades y también nuevos retos. Algunas de las oportunidades son un mayor crecimiento económico, mejoras de la productividad, mayor participación ciudadana y una mayor inclusión social, pero al mismo tiempo estas transformaciones desafían los derechos de los ciudadanos y de los consumidores, las políticas sociales y la eficiencia económica. Para alcanzar el enorme potencial de la revolución digital es necesario que el análisis económico guie la regulación y las políticas que acompañan al desarrollo tecnológico. Esta tesis propone nuevas normas y estrategias para una óptima provisión de redes, bienes y servicios digitales, contribuyendo en algunos de los temas de interés de la literatura reciente sobre economía digital. Un problema es la existencia de barreras a la entrada en el mercado de provisión de servicios de acceso a internet. Contribuimos a la literatura existente sobre este asunto, analizando en los capítulos 1 y 2, una de las causas de la existencia dichas barreras, la atribución ineficiente del espectro radioeléctrico. Otro problema es la formación de precios socialmente óptima para remunerar a los proveedores de acceso a internet, los proveedores de servicios digitales, los usuarios y los vendedores de publicidad. Contribuimos a esta materia examinando en el capítulo 3 el impacto de la discriminación de precios sobre proveedores de contenidos cuando en el mercado minorista de acceso a internet existe competencia imperfecta, duopolio, y diferenciación multidimensional de producto. El capítulo 1 ofrece propuestas para la evaluación de la eficiencia de una atribución de espectro a un servicio de radiocomunicaciones. Las nuevas técnicas de gestión del espectro han dado lugar a una provisión más eficiente de los servicios. Sin embargo, el papel del sector público sigue siendo necesario en la gestión del espectro. Este capítulo ofrece una metodología para medir el beneficio neto de una re-atribución de una banda de frecuencias para guiar a reguladores y diseñadores de políticas públicas. Se han obtenido los siguientes resultados destacables...Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y EmpresarialesTRUEunpu
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