Development of an Online Zakat Application System

File management better known as classical file management was handled by humans. There are too difficult to manage the file for an organization with only using manpower. However, with this sophisticated technology, such things can be best solved when using computer or file management systems. As a step towards capitalizing on the use of the technology system, this study was conducted to develop the Online Zakat Application System to assist students and the UTHM Islamic Center in particular in the application and management of zakat applicants' data in UTHM. In addition, the system is also able to store application data in a computerized database in line with the era of computer technology use. In this study, the Waterfall development model was used to develop this system. For the evaluation process of the developed system, the expert checklist form and the expert confirmation form were distributed to the lecturer of the Faculty of Technical and Vocational Education as well as officials from the Islamic Center. The data obtained were analyzed using frequency and feedback analysis methods. The results of the study showed that all the experts have given a very positive response to the overall development of the system. As a result, this Online Zakat Application System has achieved the objectives of the study and received very positive feedback from the experts involved in the system evaluation process

Bandwidth Optimization of Microstrip Patch Antenna- A Basic Overview

An antenna is a very important device in wireless applications. It converts the electrical energy into RF signal at the transmitter and RF signal into electrical energy at the receiver side. A micro strip antenna consists of a rectangular patch on a ground plane separated by dielectric substrate. The patch in the antenna is made of a conducting material Cu (Copper) or Au (Gold) and this can be in any shape of rectangular, circular, triangular, elliptical or some other common shape. Researches of past few year shows that, various work on Microstrip Patch Antenna is attentive on designing compact sized Microstrip Antenna with efficiency and bandwidth optimized. But inherently Microstrip Patch Antenna have narrow bandwidth so to enhance bandwidth various techniques are engaged. Today’s Communication devices need several applications which require higher bandwidth; such as mobile phones these days are getting thinner and smarter but many applications supported by them require higher bandwidth, so microstrip antenna used for performing this operation should provide wider bandwidth as well as their shape should be more efficient and size should be compact so that it should occupy less space while keeping the size of device as small as possible. In this review paper, a review of different techniques used for bandwidth optimization & various shapes of compact and broadband microstrip patch antenna is given

Triangular and Circular Sierpinsky Fractal Antenna with Coupling Patches for Dual Band Applications

ABSTRACT: There are different types of antennas available for various wireless applications. A fractal antenna uses self-similar design in its different iterations to achieve multiband that can receive or transmit electromagnetic radiation within a given total surface area or volume. And it reduces the conductor placement by etching circular from triangular and vice versa, this proposed antenna design can be used in 2.4 GHz(ISM band applications) and LTE systems. In Wireless communications antennas plays a major role to direct the field in particular directions.. This paper also presents the detail step of designing sierpinsky fractal antenna and its structure to improve the return loss, gain, directivity is obtained .ADS software is used for designing of antenn

Fractal Yagi-Uda antenna for WLAN applications

This paper describes the development of a Fractal printed Yagi-Uda antenna for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications operating at 2.4 GHz frequency. In miniaturizing the dimensions of an antenna, fractal method is applied where the 1st iteration and 2nd iteration is implemented. The Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software is used as the platform to design and simulate the antenna. The substrate material used is the FR-4 board which has a dielectric constant of 5.4, the thickness of 1.6mm and tangent loss of 0.019. The antenna performance interm of the reflection coefficient, radiation pattern and gain are compared and analyzed. For the 1st iteration, 22.81% of reduction size has been achieved and 30.81% reduction of the antenna size for 2nd iteration has been achieved

Fractal Antenna Applications

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Design and Analysis of Hexagonal Shaped Fractal Antennas

In this report three antenna designs using fractals have been proposed. Fractal is a concept which is being implemented in microstrip antenna to have better characteristics than conventional microstrip antenna. In the first design, a hexagonal shaped monopole fractal antenna for wideband application is designed. The proposed fractal-like geometry is implemented on a microstrip fed planar hexagonal monopole antenna. The iterated hexagonal fractal patch and modified ground plane are employed to achieve the desired wideband characteristics. A notch is also achieved by introducing slits in ground plane. In the second proposal, a new hexagonal shaped patch with modified hexagonal carpet ground plane antenna for multiband application is proposed. Its structure is based on carpet fractal geometry introduced in ground plane. The resonance frequency of a conventional hexagonal patch with full ground is lowered by removing carpet of hexagonal elements from the full ground plane. The antenna is optimized for a dual band operation. The last antenna is the smallest of all the three antennas obtained by taking a hexagonal patch of 8mm side on a fractal ground plane and whole dimension of 30x30mm2. Firstly, full ground plane is taken and studied. Then ground plane is modified by introducing and etching out Symmetrical Vertical Pyramidal Structure (SVPS). All antennas are simulated using CST Microwave Studio Suite 12. For all designs, low cost and readily available FR-4 substrate of relative permittivity of 4.4 and height 1.6mm has been used and fed with 50-ohm microstrip line. All antennas are measured to validate the simulated results. The measured antenna parameters such as return loss, radiation patterns and gain of the proposed antennas are found well matched to the simulated results

Design of fractal minkowski diversity antenna for LTE and WIFI application

The 4th Generation (4G) in which world has recently entered and many of the bigger operators and vendors have started deploying 4G networks in different countries. 4G includes higher releases of following two standards: Wireless Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX) and Long Term Evolution (LTE). In this project, the Minkowski fractal Array Diversity antenna is introduced. Fractal geometry allows us to design a miniature antenna and integrate multiple telecommunication services into single device. One of the most relevant trends for wireless devices is miniaturization. The purpose of this project is to design microstrip patch antenna and execute the first iteration Minkowski fractal Array Diversity antenna in order to achieve an antenna with multi-band frequency of 1.8 GHz and 2.4 GHz for LTE system and WIFI. Design process involves a mathematical analysis, simulation and fabrication process. Fractal antenna properties were observed from the measurement of return loss, standing wave ratio (SWR), bandwidth and radiation pattern

A Review on Different Techniques of Mutual Coupling Reduction Between Elements of Any MIMO Antenna. Part 1: DGSs and Parasitic Structures

This two-part article presents a review of different techniques of mutual coupling (MC) reduction. MC is a major issue when an array of antennas is densely packed. When the separation between the antennas i

Stretching the limits of dynamic range, shielding effectiveness, and multiband frequency response

In this dissertation, an RF MEMS variable capacitor suitable for applications requiring ultrawide capacitive tuning ranges is reported. The device uses an electrostatically tunable liquid dielectric interface to continuously vary the capacitance without the use of any moving parts. As compared to existing MEMS varactors in literature, this device has an extremely simple design that can be implemented using simple fabrication methods that do not necessitate the use of clean room equipment. In addition, this varactor is particularly suited for incorporating a wide range of liquid dielectric materials for specific tuning ratio requirements. Additionally, the shielding effectiveness performance of graphene-doped ABS thin films is investigated. The use of graphene as a replacement for metal fillers in composite EMI shielding materials is quickly becoming a widely-investigated field in the electromagnetic compatibility community. By replacing conventional metal-based shielding methods with graphene-doped polymers, low-weight, field-use temporary shielding enclosures can be implemented that do not suffer from mechanical unreliability and corrosion/oxidation like a traditional metal enclosure. While the performance of composite EMI shielding materials has not yet surpassed metals, the advantages of polymer-based shielding methods could find usage in a variety of applications. Finally, mutliband pre-fractal antennas fabricated via 3D printing are reported. These devices are the first to incorporate the advantages of 3D printing (rapid prototyping, fabrication of complex geometries otherwise unobtainable) with the advantages of self-similar antennas (increased gain and multiband performance) in a single device. The Sierpinski tetrahedron-based antenna design was both computationally modeled and physically realized to illustrate its potential as a solution to enable true multiband communication platforms