ASCR/HEP Exascale Requirements Review Report

This draft report summarizes and details the findings, results, and recommendations derived from the ASCR/HEP Exascale Requirements Review meeting held in June, 2015. The main conclusions are as follows. 1) Larger, more capable computing and data facilities are needed to support HEP science goals in all three frontiers: Energy, Intensity, and Cosmic. The expected scale of the demand at the 2025 timescale is at least two orders of magnitude -- and in some cases greater -- than that available currently. 2) The growth rate of data produced by simulations is overwhelming the current ability, of both facilities and researchers, to store and analyze it. Additional resources and new techniques for data analysis are urgently needed. 3) Data rates and volumes from HEP experimental facilities are also straining the ability to store and analyze large and complex data volumes. Appropriately configured leadership-class facilities can play a transformational role in enabling scientific discovery from these datasets. 4) A close integration of HPC simulation and data analysis will aid greatly in interpreting results from HEP experiments. Such an integration will minimize data movement and facilitate interdependent workflows. 5) Long-range planning between HEP and ASCR will be required to meet HEP's research needs. To best use ASCR HPC resources the experimental HEP program needs a) an established long-term plan for access to ASCR computational and data resources, b) an ability to map workflows onto HPC resources, c) the ability for ASCR facilities to accommodate workflows run by collaborations that can have thousands of individual members, d) to transition codes to the next-generation HPC platforms that will be available at ASCR facilities, e) to build up and train a workforce capable of developing and using simulations and analysis to support HEP scientific research on next-generation systems.Comment: 77 pages, 13 Figures; draft report, subject to further revisio

Interdependence, Reflexivity, Fidelity, Impedance Matching, and the Evolution of Genetic Coding

Genetic coding is generally thought to have required ribozymes whose functions were taken over by polypeptide aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS). Two discoveries about aaRS and their interactions with tRNA substrates now furnish a unifying rationale for the opposite conclusion: that the key processes of the Central Dogma of molecular biology emerged simultaneously and naturally from simple origins in a peptide•RNA partnership, eliminating the epistemological utility of a prior RNA world. First, the two aaRS classes likely arose from opposite strands of the same ancestral gene, implying a simple genetic alphabet. The resulting inversion symmetries in aaRS structural biology would have stabilized the initial and subsequent differentiation of coding specificities, rapidly promoting diversity in the proteome. Second, amino acid physical chemistry maps onto tRNA identity elements, establishing reflexive, nanoenvironmental sensing in protein aaRS. Bootstrapping of increasingly detailed coding is thus intrinsic to polypeptide aaRS, but impossible in an RNA world. These notions underline the following concepts that contradict gradual replacement of ribozymal aaRS by polypeptide aaRS: (i) aaRS enzymes must be interdependent; (ii) reflexivity intrinsic to polypeptide aaRS production dynamics promotes bootstrapping; (iii) takeover of RNA-catalyzed aminoacylation by enzymes will necessarily degrade specificity; (iv) the Central Dogma's emergence is most probable when replication and translation error rates remain comparable. These characteristics are necessary and sufficient for the essentially de novo emergence of a coupled gene-replicase-translatase system of genetic coding that would have continuously preserved the functional meaning of genetically encoded protein genes whose phylogenetic relationships match those observed today

A framework for the provision of information sources to technologists

M.Tech. (Production Management)The development of technikons into autonomous tertiary technical educational institutions, offering education up to doctorate level, conducting research, offering vocational and continuing education, brought with them libraries which cannot provide in the requirements set to them. This study investigates the place for a library in the Technikon Witwatersrand and some of the environmental influences that have a bearing on the library. It continues from there to determine the library infrastructure of the Witwatersrand in order to establish the presence and accessibility of information sources. A framework is then developed according to which the needs of the users of the library determined. user categories are then identified and their needs for information sources determined. The study continues from there to develop this framework on a computer so that it can be used in planning for the provision of information sources to technologists in the future. The study is concluded with recommendations regarding the provision of information sources

Implementation of Collateral Confiscation (Conservatoir Beslag) in Order to Manifest the Restoration of Assets Obtained from Corruption

The purpose of this dissertation research is to study and analyze in detail: first, problems of restoration of assets obtained from corruption conducted by law enforcement officers. Second, the importance of the implementation of Collateral Confiscation in the corruption case handling system. Third, the model of Collateral Confiscation to increase the restoration of assets obtained from corruption in the Indonesian criminal justice system. The data used is secondary data and primary data. The results showed that the constraints affecting the difficulty of recovering assets from corruption caused by three factors. First, the institutional structure is not systemic, structurally weak law enforcement organizations. Attorney as an executor is still less than optimal at performing execution of subtitute money as asset recovery because of limited facilities and insfractructure, struggled to keep track of assets that have been transferred and hidden. Second, factor in the substantive law, namely the absence of legislation that supports the optimization of assets seizure suspected of corruption, differences in the perception of state finances, the calculation of losses that varied complicates the implementation of the restoration of state’s financial loss. Third, factor of cultural law of the society is still lacking and permissive by not reporting assets of the corruptor and even protect corruptor’s assets. In an effort to restore the state’s financial losses due to corruption, the role of Collateral Confiscation - used in civil law regime - can be applied to cases of corruption. The concept is intended for sequestration guarantees for compensation and fines from their bad faith by the perpetrators of corruption. The importance of implementing Collateral Confiscation is based on the embodiment welfare, justice, and legal certainty. In addition, there is a causal relationship of implementation of Collateral Confiscation with the principles of legal protection in terms of restoration of state’s financial loss caused by corruption. As a model that is offered, it is expected that the concept of Collateral Confiscation is included in the process of revision of the Law on Corruption Eradication. In implementation, Collateral Confiscation enforced at the beginning of the judicial process (the investigation stage), ends until there is a court ruling that has permanent legal force (inkracht). Supporting facilities are also needed, namely the existence of depository institutions and asset administrators to better utilize and secure the country's financial losses. The institute also acts as a system integrator of the various law enforcement agencies that perform similar functions. Keywords: Collateral Confiscation (Conservatoir Beslag), Restoration of Assets (Asset Recovery), Corruption.

Introducing an Extensive Reading Program: Theory and Practice

神戸松蔭女子大学では、2016 年度の一年生全員に対し、多読授業が導入された。多読アプローチは、学生自身により選定されたグレーデッド・リーダーズを通して、学習レベルに合った大量の第二言語インプットを指す。本稿では、多読の基礎理論及び多読プログラムの実践的課題を詳細に取り上げ、まず多読の理論的枠組みに焦点を当てながら、その歴史的背景と発展について述べ、提言されている多読アプローチの利点をまとめる。次に、先行研究において提唱されている多読の言語的利点等を踏まえ、多読アプローチが普及していない理由を考察する。さらに、本学におけるMReader といった多読学習支援ソフトを用いた多読の実践について報告し、新しいプログラムの導入の諸相を示す。最後に、実践を通して明らかとなったMReader のこれまでの問題点について述べ、当該プログラムを改善していく上での課題について著者の見解を提示する。Extensive Reading (ER) has been introduced at Kobe Shoin for all first year students for the 2016-17 Academic Year. The ER approach is a means of delivering massed second language input at the appropriate level, via graded language texts that are chosen by students. The present paper offers detailed consideration of underpinning theory accompanied by discussion of practical implementation and management issues. The paper firstly situates ER in a detailed theoretical discussion to underpin consideration of the practical, noting the historical origins and growth, and indicates the multiple suggested benefits of ER. Noting the multiple language benefits posited in the available literature, the paper then notes reasons for why this pedagogical approach has not seen wider adoption. The third part of the paper describes the current implementation, via online reading checking software MReader, noting the multiple aspects of putting the new program in place. In the final section of this paper the author, who is the system administrator, briefly notes early challenges that have arisen, offers responses and thoughts for improving the system, and suggests further research areas

A Study of Their Practices and Performance

Ganz allgemein zeigen die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung, dass die gegenwärtige Lage der Bibliotheken in staatlichen Universitäten durch extrem geringe Ressourcen für die Bücher-, Zeitschriften und Mediensammlungen und hinsichtlich Ausstattung und Personal gekennzeichnet. Private Universitäten haben diese Probleme in weit geringerem Maße. Unter Studierenden, Lehrenden und Universitätsbeamten ist durchaus die Ansicht verbreitet, dass Universitätsbibliotheken eine entscheidende Rolle in Lehre, Forschung und Studium spielen. Man nimmt allerdings auch zur Kenntnis, dass die Universitätsbibliotheken in Kenia, besonders diejenigen der staatlichen Universitäten, keine wirkungsvollen Dienstleistungen erbringen. Dies hat zur Entwertung ihrer Rolle in der Hochschullandschaft geführt. Die Studie zeigt, dass die moderne Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik in die kenianischen Universitätsbibliotheken Einzug gehalten hat. Doch ist die Entwicklung zum einen durch die Finanzierungslücken behindert worden, sodass Computer nicht angeschafft und Netze nicht aufgebaut werden konnten, zum anderen durch das Fehlen von geschultem EDV-Personal und durch die kümmerliche Telekommunikations-Infrastruktur im Lande. Diese Untersuchung kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass Maßnahmen erforderlich sind, die Situation der Universitätsbibliotheken in Kenia zu verbessern - dies auch als ein Weg, die Qualität des Universitätsstudiums in Kenia zu steigern. Diese Maßnahmen umfassen zunächst die Aufnahme einer langfristigen Planung auf allen Gebieten bibliothekarischer Arbeit. Zweitens sollten die leitenden Bibliothekare die zentrale Bedeutung der Bibliotheken hervor heben, welche ihnen im Zusammenhang der gesamten Universität zukommt. Um nutzbare Quellen der Information zu bleiben, müssen die Universitätsbibliotheken in Kenia, die moderne Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik einsetzen. Die Anwendung neuer Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik kann den Bibliothekaren an den Universitäten helfen, besseren Zugang zu örtlichen und zu globalen Informationen zu schaffen, zum Beispiel durch elektronische Media und Internetzugang.This study argues that the provision of library services in Kenyan public universities is characterised by extremely inadequate resources in terms of funds, information materials, equipment and staff. Private university libraries experience these problems albeit to a lesser degree. Although there is widespread opinion among students, lecturers as well as university administrators that university libraries play a critical role in the teaching, research, and learning activities, there is also awareness that university libraries in Kenya, especially those in public universities are not effectively providing services which has limited their role in research and learning in the university. Finally, modern information and communication technology is being incorporated in the management of university libraries in Kenya. However, this trend has been hindered by first, lack of funds to purchase equipment such as computers and set up networks, secondly by lack of skilled personnel in information technology, and finally by poor telecommunications infrastructure in the country. There is therefore need for adoption of strategic planning in all areas of library management and to remain viable sources of information, university libraries in Kenya have to make use modern information and communication technology. This will enable university libraries to facilitate better access to local and global information for example through electronic and internet media

Sixth Goddard Conference on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies Held in Cooperation with the Fifteenth IEEE Symposium on Mass Storage Systems

This document contains copies of those technical papers received in time for publication prior to the Sixth Goddard Conference on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies which is being held in cooperation with the Fifteenth IEEE Symposium on Mass Storage Systems at the University of Maryland-University College Inn and Conference Center March 23-26, 1998. As one of an ongoing series, this Conference continues to provide a forum for discussion of issues relevant to the management of large volumes of data. The Conference encourages all interested organizations to discuss long term mass storage requirements and experiences in fielding solutions. Emphasis is on current and future practical solutions addressing issues in data management, storage systems and media, data acquisition, long term retention of data, and data distribution. This year's discussion topics include architecture, tape optimization, new technology, performance, standards, site reports, vendor solutions. Tutorials will be available on shared file systems, file system backups, data mining, and the dynamics of obsolescence