3D Innovations in Personalized Surgery

Current practice involves the use of 3D surgical planning and patient-specific solutions in multiple surgical areas of expertise. Patient-specific solutions have been endorsed for several years in numerous publications due to their associated benefits around accuracy, safety, and predictability of surgical outcome. The basis of 3D surgical planning is the use of high-quality medical images (e.g., CT, MRI, or PET-scans). The translation from 3D digital planning toward surgical applications was developed hand in hand with a rise in 3D printing applications of multiple biocompatible materials. These technical aspects of medical care require engineers’ or technical physicians’ expertise for optimal safe and effective implementation in daily clinical routines.The aim and scope of this Special Issue is high-tech solutions in personalized surgery, based on 3D technology and, more specifically, bone-related surgery. Full-papers or highly innovative technical notes or (systematic) reviews that relate to innovative personalized surgery are invited. This can include optimization of imaging for 3D VSP, optimization of 3D VSP workflow and its translation toward the surgical procedure, or optimization of personalized implants or devices in relation to bone surgery

Advances on Mechanics, Design Engineering and Manufacturing III

This open access book gathers contributions presented at the International Joint Conference on Mechanics, Design Engineering and Advanced Manufacturing (JCM 2020), held as a web conference on June 2–4, 2020. It reports on cutting-edge topics in product design and manufacturing, such as industrial methods for integrated product and process design; innovative design; and computer-aided design. Further topics covered include virtual simulation and reverse engineering; additive manufacturing; product manufacturing; engineering methods in medicine and education; representation techniques; and nautical, aeronautics and aerospace design and modeling. The book is organized into four main parts, reflecting the focus and primary themes of the conference. The contributions presented here not only provide researchers, engineers and experts in a range of industrial engineering subfields with extensive information to support their daily work; they are also intended to stimulate new research directions, advanced applications of the methods discussed and future interdisciplinary collaborations

Analysis of upper body biomechanics and control in manual wheelchair users

Manual wheelchair propulsion involves repetitive shoulder range of motion and muscular activities. It is an important form of mobility for many people with lower limb disabilities who depend upon their upper body to provide means of locomotion for completion of their activities of daily living. As a result of greater than normal usage of the upper limbs, shoulder and wrist pain and pathology are common among manual wheelchair users. This study provides a biomechanical analysis of the manual wheelchair mobility in control subjects during their functional activities of daily living. Non-experienced wheelchair users were recruited per this study for their feature of novice as they could determine their own self-selected speed and pattern of propulsion and to limit any variability that would be existed by a study group with multiple inter-individual differences. In the context of manual wheelchair propulsion, biomechanics of upper body involves the study of how a manual wheelchair user imparts power to the wheels to achieve mobility. In general, the primary goal of biomechanical analysis of manual wheelchair propulsion is to generate knowledge that can be used to improve performance and/or prevent injuries. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the impact of trunk and upper limb biomechanics associated with diverse wheelchair configurations in terms of adjusting vertical displacement (seat-to-floor height) and horizontal displacement (rear wheel axle position). A marker-based 3D motion analysis technique was used with more recently to the six degrees of freedom (6DOF) analysis, as an integrated feature in the software that was used to collect the motion capture data (Qualisys Track Manager, QTM, Qualisys, Sweden). Three-dimensional kinematics of trunk and upper limb joints were investigated during physiological range of motion (ROM), activities of daily living (ADL), and functional wheelchair mobility that includes starting up from the rest, propulsion and stopping a wheelchair during manual propulsion ii The contribution of the shoulder complex muscles was investigated through the analysis of the surface electromyographic (sEMG) patterns of six stabilising muscles activity during physiological range of motion, activities of daily living and functional wheelchair mobility. Also, the interrelationship between the users’ anthropometric characteristics and the biomechanics of their upper body were investigated in terms of kinematics, surface electromyography and spatiotemporal parameters during manual wheelchair propulsion. This study showed an interrelationship between diverse wheelchair configurations of adjustable wheelchair rear wheel axle position and seat height and upper body kinematic behaviour, muscles recruitment and spatiotemporal patterns during manual wheelchair mobility. It was observed that changing rear wheel axle position posteriorly and raising the seat-to-floor distance (i.e. raising the seat height position) are correlated with higher upper body kinematics and release phase muscle activities and lower pushing patterns and push muscle activities during functional wheelchair mobility and so could be linked with higher risk of musculoskeletal disorders. As the number of manual wheelchair users is developing around the world, it becomes very essential to increase the understanding of the biomechanics of upper body to enhance the performance and decrease the risk of injury. It is hoped that this knowledge will help both manufacturers and clinicians when designing and prescribing wheelchairs that are more proper to the users' functional features, needs and expectations, accordingly profiting users' independence and quality of life