PRIMARY ELECTIONS AND THE CONSTITUTION

Recent attempts in Texas and elsewhere to exclude Negro voters from primary elections reveal the unsettled state of constitutional law in this field. Two struggles of principle, individualism versus police power and States\u27 rights versus nationalism, are outlined in the judicial opinions reviewed below under the following headings: (I) Basis of state power over primaries; (II) Limitations on state power over primaries imposed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments; (III) Basis of state power over primaries for nominating United States Senators and Representatives; and (IV) Basis of national power over primaries for nominating United States Senators and Representatives

The Hispanic Vote in the 2008 Election

Analyzes exit poll data on Hispanic/Latino voters in the 2008 presidential election, including their share in the electorate and the breakdown of votes by race/ethnicity in nine states. Compares trends with previous elections

CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIVIDUALS UNDERGOING PANEL GENETIC TESTING FOR PRIMARY BRAIN TUMORS

Background. Currently, there are no genetic testing guidelines for patients with a primary brain tumor (PBT). This population is largely understudied in terms of the family history, tumor grade, pathology, and their relation to genetic contribution. Our aim was to describe patient-specific characteristics and family histories across mutation-positive, negative, and variant of uncertain significance (VUS) cohorts based on cancer-panel genetic test results among patients with a PBT. Methods. Subjects were referred for multi-gene panel testing between March 2012 and June 2016. Clinical data were ascertained from test requisition forms. The incidence of pathogenic mutations (including likely pathogenic) and VUS’s were calculated for each gene and patient cohort. Results. Almost all tumors were glial (n=293, 53%) or meningeal pathology (n=222, 40%). Age of diagnosis differed significantly between glial and meningeal tumors (pCHEK2 (20/104), BRCA2 (13/104), PMS2 (10/104), TP53 (8/104), and APC (8/104). Of 165 patients with available family history information, nearly all (n=157, 95%) reported a family history of some cancer. Conclusions. Our data suggest PBTs can be the primary presenting cancer in hereditary syndromes with a known PBT risk. While pathology is helpful in narrowing down the differential diagnosis, patients’ pathology can be atypical in relation to their hereditary cancer syndrome. Family history evaluations are a beneficial risk assessment modality, particularly until testing criteria are developed for PBTs. Further research is necessary for the development of genetic testing criteria in the PBT population and more robust identification of at-risk individuals

News Coverage of the 2016 Presidential Primaries: Horse Race Reporting Has Consequences

A new report from Harvard Kennedy School's Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy analyzes news coverage of the 2016 presidential primary races and how it affected the candidates' chances of winning the nomination, concluding that coverage of the primaries focused on the horse race over the issues – to the detriment of candidates and voters alike.The report picks up where the Center's previous report concluded, analyzing coverage of Donald Trump, Ted Cruz, Marco Rubio, John Kasich, Hillary Clinton, and Bernie Sanders from January through June 2016.Some of the questions Patterson investigates include:Why did Trump receive so much more coverage than the other presidential candidates, and why was his coverage positive in tone when the Republican race was still being contested and yet negative in tone after it had been decided?Why was Rubio's coverage so much more negative than that of another unsuccessful Republican contender, Cruz?Why was Clinton's coverage substantially more negative than Sanders', and why did Sanders get so much less coverage than she did?Why did the candidates' character and policy positions receive so little attention relative to the candidates' chances of winning?The Shorenstein Center study is based on an analysis of news statements by CBS, Fox, the Los Angeles Times, NBC, The New York Times, USA Today, The Wall Street Journal, and The Washington Post. The study's data were provided by Media Tenor, a firm that specializes in the content analysis of news coverage

Uniform color space analysis of LACIE image products

The author has identified the following significant results. Analysis and comparison of image products generated by different algorithms show that the scaling and biasing of data channels for control of PFC primaries lead to loss of information (in a probability-of misclassification sense) by two major processes. In order of importance they are: neglecting the input of one channel of data in any one image, and failing to provide sufficient color resolution of the data. The scaling and biasing approach tends to distort distance relationships in data space and provides less than desirable resolution when the data variation is typical of a developed, nonhazy agricultural scene

Higher-spin strings and W minimal models

We study the spectrum of physical states for higher-spin generalisations of string theory, based on two-dimensional theories with local spin-2 and spin-$s$ symmetries. We explore the relation of the resulting effective Virasoro string theories to certain $W$ minimal models. In particular, we show how the highest-weight states of the $W$ minimal models decompose into Virasoro primaries.Comment: 13 pages, CTP TAMU-43/93, KUL-TF-93/9

Fast magnetic reconnection via jets and current microsheets

Numerical simulations of highly nonlinear magnetic reconnection provide evidence of ultrathin current microsheets. These small-scale sheets are formed by strong exhaust jets from a primary large-scale current layer. The overall size of the secondary microsheet is determined by the thickness of the primary sheet. Preliminary scalings show that the thickness of the microsheet varies linearly with the plasma resistivity. This scaling suggests that microsheets may provide fast reconnection sites in magnetically complex plasmas such as the solar corona and planetary magnetospheres

A Primal-Dual Proximal Algorithm for Sparse Template-Based Adaptive Filtering: Application to Seismic Multiple Removal

Unveiling meaningful geophysical information from seismic data requires to deal with both random and structured "noises". As their amplitude may be greater than signals of interest (primaries), additional prior information is especially important in performing efficient signal separation. We address here the problem of multiple reflections, caused by wave-field bouncing between layers. Since only approximate models of these phenomena are available, we propose a flexible framework for time-varying adaptive filtering of seismic signals, using sparse representations, based on inaccurate templates. We recast the joint estimation of adaptive filters and primaries in a new convex variational formulation. This approach allows us to incorporate plausible knowledge about noise statistics, data sparsity and slow filter variation in parsimony-promoting wavelet frames. The designed primal-dual algorithm solves a constrained minimization problem that alleviates standard regularization issues in finding hyperparameters. The approach demonstrates significantly good performance in low signal-to-noise ratio conditions, both for simulated and real field seismic data