1,817 research outputs found
Competitiveness of Indian Manufacturing: Finding of the 2001 National Manufacturing Survey
In this paper we present findings of the second national survey on the competitiveness of Indian manufacturing. The paper develops hypotheses on the competitiveness of firms in the manufacturing sector and addresses some key questions on the characteristics of world class firms in India. We analyze the processes and practices that such firms have adopted to become world class. More important, we highlight firm level practices that are preventing Indian firms from becoming globally competitive. The findings point towards three distinct aspects of manufacturing management that define the capabilities of the firm, i.e., strategies related to dynamic control of shop floors, network linkages and innovation. It is found that firms that build distinctive technological and managerial capabilities in these domains are able to compete globally. The paper provides a comparison with manufacturing capabilities of competitors in China and draws lessons for organizing large scale manufacturing. It also provides an assessment of the changes that have happened in manufacturing priorities and strategies in India since our last survey that was conducted in 1997 and highlights the implications of these changes.
Optimal scope of supply chain network & operations design
The increasingly complex supply chain networks and operations call for the development of decision support systems and optimization techniques that take a holistic view of supply chain issues and provide support for integrated decision-making. The economic impacts of optimized supply chain are significant and that has attracted considerable research attention since the late 1990s. This doctoral thesis focuses on developing manageable and realistic optimization models for solving four contemporary and interrelated supply chain network and operations design problems. Each requires an integrated decision-making approach for advancing supply chain effectiveness and efficiency. The first model formulates the strategic robust downsizing of a global supply chain network, which requires an integrated decision-making on resource allocation and network reconfiguration, given certain financial constraints. The second model also looks at the strategic supply chain downsizing problem but extends the first model to include product portfolio selection as a downsizing decision. The third model concerns the redesign of a warranty distribution network, which requires an integrated decision-making on strategic network redesign and tactical recovery process redesign. The fourth model simultaneously determines the operational-level decisions on job assignment and process sequence in order to improve the total throughput of a production facility unit
ํ๋งค์ด์ง์ ๋์ ํ ์์ ๋ถํ์ค์ฑ ์ฌ๊ณ ๊ด๋ฆฌ ๋ชจํ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ์ฌ) -- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋ํ ์ฐ์
๊ณตํ๊ณผ, 2020. 8. ๋ฌธ์ผ๊ฒฝ.As the globalization of markets accelerates competition among companies, sales promotion, which refers to short-term incentives promoting sales of products or services, plays a prominent role. Although there are various types of sales promotions, such as price reduction, buy-x-get-y-free, and trade-in program, the common purpose is to induce the purchase of customers by offering benefits. This successful strategy has caught the attention of researchers, including operations management and supply chain management. Thus, various studies have been conducted to examine strategies for ongoing operations and to demonstrate the effects of the sales promotion, which are based on the strategic level. However, research at the tactical or operational level has been conducted insufficiently.
This dissertation examines the inventory models considering (i) markdown sale, (ii) buy one get one free (BOGO), and (iii) trade-in program. First, the newsvendor model is considered. By introducing the decision variable, which represents the start time of markdown sale, the retailer can obtain the optimal combination of the start time of a markdown sale and an order quantity. Under certain conditions in a decentralized system, however, the start time of a markdown sale where the retailer obtains the highest profit is the least profitable for the manufacturer. To avoid irrational ordering behavior by a retailer against a manufacturer, a revenue-sharing contract is proposed.
Second, the mobile application, ``My Own Refrigerator'', is considered in the inventory model. It enables customers to store BOGO products in their virtual storage for later use. That is, customers can drop by the store to pick up the extra freebies in the future. The promotion involves a high degree of uncertainty regarding the revisiting date because customers who buy the product do not need to take both products on the day of purchase. To deal with this uncertainty, we propose a robust multiperiod inventory model by addressing the approximation of a multistage stochastic optimization model.
Third, the trade-in program is considered. It is one of the sales promotions that companies collect used old-generation products from customers and provide them with new-generation products at a discount price. It also helps to acquire the additional products which are required for the refurbishment service. A multiperiod stochastic inventory model based on the closed-loop supply chain system is proposed by incorporating the trade-in program and refurbishment service simultaneously. The stochastic optimization model is approximated to the robust counterpart, which features a deterministic second-order cone program.์์ฅ์ ์ธ๊ณํ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์
๊ฐ์ ๊ฒฝ์์ด ๊ฐ์ํ๋จ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ, ๋จ๊ธฐ ์ธ์ผํฐ๋ธ๋ฅผ ํตํด ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ ์ ํ ๋๋ ์๋น์ค ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ฅผ ์ ๋ํ๋ ํ๋งค์ด์ง์ ์ญํ ์ด ์ค์ํด์ก๋ค. ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ์ธํ, ํ์ฌ์ํ ์ฆ์ , ํธ๋ ์ด๋์ธํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ๋ค์ํ ์ ํ์ ํ๋งค์ด์ง ์ ๋ต์ด ์กด์ฌํ์ง๋ง, ๊ณตํต๋ ์ฃผ์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ๊ธฐ์
์ด ๊ณ ๊ฐ์๊ฒ ํํ์ ์ ๊ณตํ์ฌ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ ์์๋ฅผ ์ฆ๋์ํค๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ํ๋งค์ด์ง์ ์ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์ ๋ต์ ๊ฒฝ์๊ณผํ ๋๋ ๊ณต๊ธ๋ง๊ด๋ฆฌ ๋ถ์ผ๋ฅผ ํฌํจํ ๊ด๋ จ ํ๊ณ์ ๊ด์ฌ์ ์ด๋์๋ค. ์ง์์ ์ธ ์ด์์ ์ํ ์ ๋ต์ ๊ฒํ ํ๊ณ ์ ๋ต์ ์์ค ๊ณํ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ผ๋ก ํ๋ ํ๋งค ์ด์ง์ ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์
์ฆํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ๋ค์ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์ํ๋์์ต๋๋ค. ํ์ง๋ง ์ด์ ์์ค์ ์๋งค์
์ฒด ์
์ฅ์์์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋ฏธํกํ ์ค์ ์ด๋ค.
๋ณธ ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์์๋ (i) ๋งํฌ ๋ค์ด (ii) buy one get one free (BOGO), ๋ฐ (iii) ํธ๋ ์ด๋์ธํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ ๊ณ ๋ คํ ์ฌ๊ณ ๊ด๋ฆฌ๋ชจํ์ ๋ค๋ฃฌ๋ค. ๋จผ์ , ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐํ์ ๋ชจํ์ ๋งํฌ ๋ค์ด ์์ ์์ ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ๊ฒฐ์ ๋ณ์๋ฅผ ๋์
ํ์ฌ ์ต์ ์ ๋งํฌ ๋ค์ด ์์ ์์ ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ๋์ ์กฐํฉ์ ์ ๊ณตํ๋ ๋ชจํ์ ์ ์ํ๋ค. ๋ถ์ฐ ์์คํ
์ ํน์ ์กฐ๊ฑด์์๋ ์๋งค์
์๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋์ ์ด์ต์ ์ป๋ ์์ ์ด ์ ์กฐ์
์์๊ฒ ๋ฎ์ ์์ต์ฑ์ ์ผ๊ธฐํ ์ ์๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์ ์กฐ์
์์ ๋ํ ์๋งค์
์์ ๋นํฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์ ๋ง๊ธฐ ์ํ ์ด์ต๋ถ๋ฐฐ๊ณ์ฝ์ ์ ์ํ๋ค. ์ด์ต๋ถ๋ฐฐ๊ณ์ฝ์ ํตํ ์ค์์ง๊ถํ ์์คํ
์ ๋ถ์ฐ ์์คํ
์์ ์ป์ ์ด์ต์ ๋นํด ์๋งค์
์์ ์ ์กฐ์
์์ ์ด์ต์ ํฅ์์ํด์ ์์น์คํ์ ํตํด ํ์ธํ์๋ค.
๋์งธ, ๋ชจ๋ฐ์ผ ์ดํ๋ฆฌ์ผ์ด์
``๋๋ง์ ๋์ฅ๊ณ ''๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ ์ฌ๊ณ ๋ชจํ์ ๊ณ ๋ คํ๋ค. ์ด ์ฑ์ ํตํด BOGO ํ์ฌ์ ํ์ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ ์ฆ์ ํ์ ๊ตฌ๋งค ๋น์ผ ๋ ๊ฐ์ ธ๊ฐ์ง ์๊ณ ๋ฏธ๋์ ์ฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ์ฌ ์๋ นํ ์ ์๋ ํํ์ ๋ฐ๋๋ค. ํ์ง๋ง ์๋งค์
์ ์
์ฅ์์๋ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ์ฆ์ ํ์ ์ธ์ ์๋ นํด ๊ฐ ์ง์ ๋ํ ๋ถํ์ค์ฑ์ด ์กด์ฌํ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ ๊ธฐ์กด์ ์ฌ๊ณ ๊ด๋ฆฌ ์ด์๋ฐฉ์์๋ ํ๊ณ์ ์ด ์์์ ์์ฌํ๋ค. ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ ์ฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์ ๋ํ ๋ถํ์ค์ฑ์ ๊ณ ๋ คํ ๋ณต์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ถ๊ณ๊ณํ ์ฌ๊ณ ๋ชจํ์ ์๋ฆฝํ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ํจ์จ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ณ์ฐํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ๊ฐ๊ฑด์ต์ ํ ๋ชจํ์ผ๋ก ๊ทผ์ฌํํ์๋ค.
์
์งธ, ๋ฆฌํผ์๋น์ค์ ํธ๋ ์ด๋์ธํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ ๊ณ ๋ คํ ํํ๋ก ๊ณต๊ธ๋ง ์์คํ
๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ ๋ณต์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ฌ๊ณ ๊ด๋ฆฌ๋ชจํ์ ์ ์ํ๋ค. ์ ์ธ๋ ์ ํ, ๋ฆฌํผ์๋น์ค ๋ฐ ํธ๋ ์ด๋์ธํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ ๋ํ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ง ์ ํ์ ๋ถํ์คํ ์์์ ๋ํ ์๊ด๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ํจ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ณต์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ถ๊ณ๊ณํ ์ฌ๊ณ ๋ชจํ์ด ์๋ฆฝ๋๋ค. ๋ณต์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ถ๊ณ๊ณํ ์ฌ๊ณ ๋ชจํ์ ๊ณ์ฐ์ด ์ด๋ ต๋ค๋ ํ๊ณ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ๊ณ ์ ๊ฐ๊ฑด์ต์ ํ ๋ชจํ์ผ๋ก ๊ทผ์ฌํํ์๋ค.Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Sales promotion 1
1.2 Inventory management 3
1.3 Research motivations 6
1.4 Research contents and contributions 8
1.5 Outline of the dissertation 10
Chapter 2 Optimal Start Time of a Markdown Sale Under a Two-Echelon Inventory System 11
2.1 Introduction and literature review 11
2.2 Problem description 17
2.3 Analysis of the decentralized system 21
2.3.1 Newsvendor model for a retailer 21
2.3.2 Solution procedure for an optimal combination of the start time of the markdown sale and the order quantity 25
2.3.3 Profi t function of a manufacturer 25
2.3.4 Numerical experiments of the decentralized system 27
2.4 Analysis of a centralized system 35
2.4.1 Revenue-sharing contract 35
2.4.2 Numerical experiments of the centralized system 38
2.5 Summary 40
2.5.1 Managerial insights 41
Chapter 3 Robust Multiperiod Inventory Model with a New Type of Buy One Get One Promotion: "My Own Refrigerator" 43
3.1 Introduction and literature review 43
3.2 Problem description 51
3.2.1 Demand modeling 52
3.2.2 Sequences of the ordering decision 54
3.3 Mathematical formulation of the IMMOR 56
3.3.1 Mathematical formulation of the IMMOR under the deterministic demand 58
3.3.2 Mathematical formulation of the IMMOR under the stochastic demand 58
3.3.3 Distributionally robust optimization approach for the IMMOR 60
3.4 Computational experiments 76
3.4.1 Experiment 1: tractability of the RIMMOR 77
3.4.2 Experiment 2: robustness of the RIMMOR 78
3.4.3 Experiment 3: e ect of duration of the expiry date under the different customers' revisiting propensities 78
3.5 Summary 83
3.5.1 Managerial insights 83
Chapter 4 Robust Multiperiod Inventory Model Considering Refurbishment Service and Trade-in Program 85
4.1 Introduction 85
4.2 Literature review 91
4.2.1 Effects of the trade-in program and strategic-level decisions for the trade-in program 91
4.2.2 Inventory or lot-sizing model in a closed-loop supply chain system 94
4.2.3 Distinctive features of this research 97
4.3 Problem description 100
4.3.1 Demand modeling 103
4.3.2 Decision of the inventory manager 105
4.4 Mathematical formulation 108
4.4.1 Mathematical formulation of the IMRSTIP under the deterministic demand model 108
4.4.2 Mathematical formulation of the IMRSTIP under the stochastic demand model 110
4.4.3 Distributionally robust optimization approach for the IMRSTIP 111
4.5 Computational experiments 125
4.5.1 Demand process 125
4.5.2 Experiment 1: tractability of the RIMRSTIP 128
4.5.3 Experiment 2: approximation error from the expected value given perfect information 129
4.5.4 Experiment 3: protection against realized uncertain factors 130
4.5.5 Experiment 4: di erences between modeling demands from VARMA and ARMA 131
4.5.6 Experiments 5 and 6: comparisons of backlogged refurbishment service with or without trade-in program 133
4.6 Summary 136
Chapter 5 Conclusions 138
5.1 Summary 138
5.2 Future research 140
Bibliography 142
Chapter A 160
A.1 160
A.2 163
A.3 163
A.4 164
A.5 165
A.6 166
Chapter B 168
B.1 168
B.2 171
B.3 172
Chapter C 174
C.1 174
C.2 174
๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ด๋ก 179Docto
A cross-industry analysis and framework of aftermarket products and services
Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-97).This thesis looks at how supply chains of Aftermarket Products and Services are structured. The study includes an overall examination of the Aftermarket Function, as well as an overview and examination of Aftermarket Supply Chains in four different industries. The study includes general data about the four industries (Computers, Telecommunications Equipment, Automotive and Aerospace), along with examination of practices that are used in these industries. Finally, the thesis compares and contrasts the practices used in the industries and identifies underlying principles that unifies these otherwise diverse practices.by Petros Englezos.M.Eng.in Logistic
Management: A continuing literature survey with indexes
This bibliography lists 782 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in 1977. The citations, and abstracts when available, are reproduced exactly as they appeared originally in IAA and STAR, including the original accession numbers from the respective announcement journals. Topics cover the management of research and development contracts, production, logistics, personnel, safety, reliability and quality control citations. Includes references on: program, project and systems management; management policy, philosophy, tools, and techniques; decisionmaking processes for managers; technology assessment; management of urban problems; and information for managers on Federal resources, expenditures, financing, and budgeting
Syringa Networks v. Idaho Department of Administration Clerk\u27s Record v. 1 Dckt. 38735
https://digitalcommons.law.uidaho.edu/idaho_supreme_court_record_briefs/1519/thumbnail.jp
Customer Information Driven After Sales Service Management: Lessons from Spare Parts Logistics
Over the years, after sales service business in capital goods and high tech sectors has experienced significant growth. The drivers for growth are higher service profits, increased competitions, and primary market contractions. The enablers for growth include information driven service processes and a move from one size fit all oriented warranty contracts to service level agreement offerings that differ in service prices and response guarantees. Although, these trends provide an opportunity to the service providers to match their service resources to the time varying service requirements of a heterogeneous customer base, the tools and techniques to support decision makers are lacking as of to date. In this thesis, we aim to make a small contribution in closing this gap. We gain business environment related insights of after sales service by studying it at a major computer equipment manufacturer. After sales service is a complex task that is accomplished by making a series of strategic, tactical, and operational decisions in maintenance services management, spare parts logistics management and spare part returns management. We exclusively focus on operational and tactical decisions in spare parts logistics management. We identify that customer information, or more specifically installed base information is a valuable source to support spare parts logistics decisions at the operational and tactical levels. We present an execution technique for spare parts logistics that uses installed base information to provide differentiated service to a heterogeneous customer base and results in additional profits for the service provider. Finally, we study execution decisions in spare parts logistics and spare part returns management for their interrelation. We highlight that explicit consideration of this interrelation yields additional benefits
Building best practice automotive after sales network:The Volkswagen case
This thesis aims to analyze the service operations and networks in the automotive industry as research into the automotive After Sales service network lacks the necessary fine details and industrial feedback. Its purpose is to present the insights and lessons learned from studying the After Sales service network of Volkswagen, thereby defining a roadmap for further research, and to discuss the needs of the sector. The foremost idea in defining the research question was based on the observation that the automotive After Sales business could be improved by applying and adapting principles and methods used in other industries and in the field of Business Operations research. The initial step thereafter was an extensive external and internal literature research. The key characteristics of the automotive industry in Germany, at the VW Group, at OEMs and at the wholesale level were identified and are described in chapter two. In chapter three the primary After Sales processes are described and analyzed, from the interaction with the customer to the necessary activities at wholesale and OEM level. The proposed research methodology relied on extensive external and internal research and a qualitative and quantitative approach based on structured, in-depth interviews and direct observation. The objective of the interviews was to highlight the most important activities in the service delivery operations within the network and identify the major key factors for success or failure. The best practice dealer model is described in chapter five and was subsequently abstracted and generalized so that it can be applied to other industries too. A Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), described in chapter six, was undertaken to determine the โefficient frontierโ of service operations. Key performance indicators were identified from the important elements discussed and the best practices. In order to achieve an in-depth understanding of their general business models a benchmark analysis of six companies from industrial sectors complementary to the automotive business was then carried out and is described in chapter seven. The thesis highlights the development of a โbest practiceโ network in chapter eight. This network grasps the dynamics of After Sales activities in the light of new technological developments and the experience gained from the benchmark with other industries. The thesis closes with an evaluation of the research work
Insurance industry developments - 2004/05; Audit risk alerts
https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_indev/1130/thumbnail.jp
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