FX volatility smile construction

The foreign exchange options market is one of the largest and most liquid OTC derivative markets in the world. Surprisingly, very little is known in the academic literature about the construction of the most important object in this market: The implied volatility smile. The smile construction procedure and the volatility quoting mechanisms are FX specific and differ significantly from other markets. We give a detailed overview of these quoting mechanisms and introduce the resulting smile construction problem. Furthermore, we provide a new formula which can be used for an efficient and robust FX smile construction. --FX Quotations,FX Smile Construction,Risk Reversal,Butterfly,Strangle,Delta Conventions,Malz Formula

The macroeconomic impact evaluation of the cohesion structural funds

The National Development Plan (NDP) is the fundamental instrument by which Romania must recover as quickly as socio-economic disparities towards the EU. The reason of the developing of PND was to establish directions for the allocation of public funds for investment with significant impact on economic and social development. To assess the involvement of structural instruments in regional development, in the case of NDP it was used the Hermine model.cohesion structural funds, economic and social development, Hermin model structure

Generating the Benefits of Competition: Challenges and Opportunities in Opening Electricity Markets

The move from regulation to competition in different parts of the economy is one of the great success stories of the past 30 years. And more competition in the electricity sector could offer lower consumer prices and improved stability of supply. So why has market deregulation in electricity been difficult to achieve?public services, electricity sector competition, market deregulation

Price Categories Used in International Trade

In the current world economy conditions, development of any state can not be based solely on internal sources and the national economy results. Increased volume and diversification of cross-border transactions in goods and services, the dynamics of international capital flows, and the fast spread of technology, gives multiple values of foreign trade leading to growth of economic interlinks across the world countries. Through the foreign trade activity is carried out exchange of goods and services on the international market and ensure the participation of states in international economic cooperation. In today's global world economy, operation and coordinated sustainable development of economic systems involve, necessarily, to obtain the highest results and meeting/satisfy the needs of present without compromising the ability of national economies to satisfy their own requirements in the future more or less distant. A determining factor in business relationships and their success, regardless of export choosen manner and the type of contract used, is the price, contributing to the size of revenues from export, revenues that allow, among other things, make investments in infrastructure leading to raising living standards and social security. Starting from the importance of prices in achieving incomes related to international trade, in this article I will address the main categories of prices used in the export and import activity, also the models/patterns on the composition of the external price of export and import in terms of delivery conditions FOB, CIF and CAF.price, international trade, export, import, delivery condition, custom value

THE ROLE OF ORGANIZED EXCHANGES AND STANDARDIZED CONTRACTS IN MARKETING NEW COMMODITIES

Agribusiness,

DAX Index Futures: Mispricing and Arbitrage in German Markets

The paper reports the results of an empirical study of the price relation between the German Performance Stock Index, DAX, and DAX futures. An ex-ante arbitrage strategy based on arbitrage signals is analyzed. The data set contains intraday bid- and ask futures quotes and index values on a minute by minute basis. It is found that the number and persistence of arbitrage opportunities differs considerably for futures nearest to deliver as compared to futures which are not nearest to deliver. The findings suggest that arbitrageurs trade mainly in futures nearest to deliver. The risk associated with arbitrage trading is found to be very small so that arbitrage profits are nearly risk free. --

Corporate Financial Risk Management Interventions in the Organic Agri-Food Chains

This study arises from the need to propose an alternative solution to existing hedging methods to all companies interested in hedging the price risk of raw materials. The research focuses mainly on the actors of the agri-food supply chains, in particular the organic sector, given the growing trend of the cultivation methodology and the need to protect entrepreneurs involved in short-chain spinneret who have less possibility of relieve higher costs incurred to ensure the sustainability of the product. However, our analysis envisages a customizable hedging method for any company that intends to protect itself from the price fluctuations of the commodity that represents the inherent nature of its business. The technique consists in the construction of specific contracts (in particular, derivative financial instruments) by investment banks or commercial banks oriented to the corporate segment that offer this service. Personalization is achieved by calibrating the constituent elements of the derivative on the basis of hedging needs. The parameterization is carried out by replicating the contractual specifications of the main futures on commodities listed on regulated markets. This will allow the creation of a combination of option contracts listed on the over-the-counter market in an overall strategy aimed at medium-long term hedging

The Information of Option Volume for Future Stock Prices

We present strong evidence that option trading volume contains information about future stock price movements. Taking advantage of a unique dataset from the Chicago Board Options Exchange, we construct put-call ratios from option volume initiated by buyers to open new positions. On a risk-adjusted basis, stocks with low put-call ratios outperform stocks with high put-call ratios by more than 40 basis points on the next day and more than 1% over the next week. Partitioning our option signals into components that are publicly and non-publicly observable, we find that the economic source of this predictability is non-public information possessed by option traders rather than market inefficiency. We also find greater predictability from option signals for stocks with higher concentrations of informed traders and from option contracts with greater leverage.