A Bibliometric Study on Eye-Tracking Research in Tourism

The purpose of this paper is to determine the position of eye-tracking studies in the tourism literature and to provide a panoramic perspective of social and intellectual structures of eye-tracking studies in tourism. Bibliometric methods have been used to analyze 64 studies published from 2013 – 2019. Descriptive, network, and cluster analyses were applied in the R statistics program. The annual growth rate on eye-tracking research in tourism was 38.31%. Most of the authors preferred to cite articles from tourism journals. Effective researchers preferred to use "eye-tracking" and "visual attention" as author keywords in their research. Most of the studies took place in a laboratory environment. The studies discussed many dimensions such as culture, language, website design, advertising strategies, satisfaction, and usability. However, the effect of marketing and behavior studies is remarkable. Institutions and countries with close geographical links tended to publish together, but countries such as the USA, the UK, China, and Australia come to the fore in the collaboration network. Scopus-indexed English publications, most of which are articles, and proceedings were analyzed. Future studies may use different academic databases and publication types. This study is one of the first bibliometric analyses of eye-tracking studies in tourism

Social media effectiveness on youth purchasing behaviour of soft drinks in Tanzania: a study of University of Dar es Salaam students

The article assesses social media effectiveness on youth purchasing behaviour of soft drinks in Tanzania. With the help of the AIDA Model and Media Theory, the article focuses on the content, attitude and awareness of social media as they affect youth purchasing behaviour of soft drinks. A structured questionnaire to gather data was distributed to 80 conveniently sampled non PhD University of Dar es Salaam youth students. More so, 3 purposively selected key informants were interviewed for in-depth information. A mixed method approach was used for data analysis, where quantitative analysis was primarily utilised and complemented by in-depth interviews from key informants. Multiple regression analysis aided by SPSS Version 20 was used to analyse the quantitative data. The findings indicate that of the three constructs, youth purchasing behaviour appears to be positively and significantly influenced by two predictor variables namely, content and awareness of social media constructs. A third construct of attitude towards social media had a positive, but insignificant influence on youth purchasing behaviour. The article recommends that soft drinks companies should effectively utilise social media platforms, by adopting effective use of social media content through enhanced clarity and identity of content. Moreover, companies should capitalise on awareness opportunities created through ease of social media use and the level of knowledge of youths as means to recruit new consumers as well as retain existing ones

Community multimedia centers in Mozambique: exploring and experimenting co-design

The overall aim of this doctoral thesis was to elucidate the premises and conditions in which a co-design approach can be used with rural communities in Mozambique and the usage of Information and communication technologies for development as a tool for supporting rural communities on daily activities. The doctoral thesis includes five papers, a systematic literature review, and four case studies. The literature review (I) provides an overview of 34 studies that describe the implementation of co-design with rural communities. In the review, papers published between 2002 and 2013 were clustered in three groups – information system, social design, and ICT4D. The analysis provided insightful information about the knowledge and taxonomies required to understand how actually co-design can be used to support communities. While the conventional development paradigm asserted that developing countries could be propelled to growth path by knowledge emanating from developed nations, new approaches give priority to design partnerships and participation by the local civil society as the best method to achieve sustainable development. Paper (II) describes a case study implemented in the Morrumbene district (Mozambique), which emphasizes the need to explore design spaces and meaningful dialogs to share past experiences and contextual knowledge. Data were collected via focus group sessions, which had as participant’s people from the local community, the CMC staff, and two researchers. Findings from the Morrumbene case show that an equalitarian approach where all participants’ ideas and perceptions are taken into consideration provides an artefact that unifies ideas and perceptions. It also creates conditions for individuals with social and political differences to work together, share ideas and competencies. Paper (III) brings a case study implemented in the Quelimane municipality. The case outlines a design perspective that brings up proactivity and trust as additional condiments to be taken into consideration while co- designing. Papers (IV) e (V) provides understanding on how co-design can be used to produce sustainable services for the community. The cases analyse aspects that hinder – or even stop – intended positive ICT4D benefits to becoming a reality. The case studies here presented were performed in the three regions of Mozambique (south, central and north), with social groups with different education level, language, and social status working towards the same objective. The findings of this thesis could be used to develop a plan to support CMC and to further improve rural community’s usage and adoption of ICT. CMC services are an important endeavour with significant payoff in communities’ daily lives and activities. This thesis also contributes to a more complete, balanced, and grounded image of how CMCs and local communities can work together to create socially and financially sustainable services

The influence of leader-member exchange relationships on team members’ relationships and knowledge sharing behaviour

The importance of innovation for organizational competitive advantage and effectiveness is widely accepted (Love et al., 2011). Because of its potential to increase innovation, knowledge sharing (KS) has been of growing interest to researchers and managers (Kamaşak & Bulutlar, 2010). It is suggested that knowledge sharing is more likely to occur in supportive conditions when individuals have high-quality relationships with their leaders and co-workers (Carmeli et al., 2013). The purpose of the present study is to examine the association between the workplace relationships in teams and knowledge sharing, and how the pattern of knowledge sharing in teams is associated with team innovation and team performance. Social exchange theory and the norm of reciprocity served as the theoretical foundation of the present study. A cross-sectional survey was utilized for data collection. The sample consisted of 223 members and 51 leaders from 51 teams which were collected from ten primary and middle schools as well as an aircraft corporation in Southern China. The results of the study demonstrated that both Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) and Team-Member Exchange (TMX) are positively associated with knowledge sharing at the individual and team levels. Furthermore, the results suggested a mediating effect of TMX between LMX and team-level knowledge sharing (team KS). In Addition, the result of the comparison of an individual’s own LMX with the average LMXs in the team (RLMX) was found to moderate the relationship between LMX and TMX. However, the expected negative relationship between the variation in LMX relationships in a team (LMX differentiation) and TMX was not statistically significant. Finally, the study also found that the pattern of knowledge sharing in teams is positively related to team innovation and team performance, such that teams with more people sharing knowledge have better innovation and performance than teams with only a few people sharing knowledge. The overall findings indicate that both LMX and TMX have a unique influence on knowledge sharing, and our understanding of how supportive social relationships influence wok outcomes should be expanded from looking at the vertical leader-follower relationship and the horizontal relationship with a team in isolation. Rather, the multi-level interactions of these two types of relationships should be considered together