Mixed Media to Build a New Interpretation of the 1965–1966 Massacre in Indonesia from the Victim’s Point of View in W.J.T. Mitchell’s Perspective

ABSTRACT   The significance of the image has been a central topic of discourse both in the academic sphere and public culture in recent decades. W.J.T. Mitchell calls this change the “pictorial turn” to mark a shift from the linguistic turn. The pictorial turn also impacts genocide and massacre studies. Images are not only tools for illustrating, but are also the main elements that contribute to knowledge formation of tragedy and memory transmission. The central concern of this research is mixed media, a graphic narrative entitled Sejarah Gerakan Kiri Indonesia untuk Pemula [The History of the Indonesian Left Movement for Beginners]. This mixed media work is a powerful instrument to build a new interpretation of the 1965–1966 massacre in Indonesia from the victims’ point of view, based on Mitchell’s perspective.  The 1965–1966 massacre in Indonesia killed more than 500,000 and arrested more than one million people without trial. The massacre targeted the members or partisans of the Indonesian Communist Party [Partai Komunis Indonesia] (PKI). In addition, the state used many cultural products, such as films and monuments, as means of indoctrination. In reaction to the situation, many survivors and artists have created alternative narratives of the 1965–1966 massacre in various media. One of the victim narratives is a 527-page illustrated book entitled The History of the Indonesian Left Movement for Beginners (2016), published by a group of illustrators, coordinated by Yayak Yatmaka.  This research employs Mitchell’s key concepts, such as the pictorial turn, metapicture, biopicture, the relationship of image and text, and images’ power, to examine mixed media and its power to build a new interpretation of the 1965–1966 massacre in Indonesia. This study suggests that mixed media can be a powerful instrument to represent the 1965–1966 massacre in Indonesia, primarily through its metapicture of perpetrators in animal visual metaphors and metapicture of mass violence in visual excess. This study also finds that Indonesia's 1965–1966 massacre image is a biopicture that always transforms into other media, despite the Indonesian state’s banning of the victim narrative. To enhance the viewers’ understanding of the massacre, the illustrated book employs a visual narrative to support the verbal narrative. The victim narrative mixed media also uses the “image against image” strategy to counter the master narrative’s images

Electronic Signatures in E-Healthcare: The Need for a Federal Standard

Healthcare, like many industries, is fast embracing the benefits of modern information technology ( IT ). The wide range of available publications on the use of IT in healthcare indicates that IT provides the promise of faster and more comprehensive information about all aspects of the healthcare delivery process, to all classes of its consumers - patients, doctors, nurses, insurance adjudicators, health inspectors, epidemiologists, and biostatisticians. But the drive towards electronic information in health care is not rooted merely in efficiency; more recently, significant emphasis has been placed on patient safety issues raised by the Institute of Medicine\u27s ( IOM ) year 2001 quality report on the subject. It is believed that the deficiencies indicated in that report can be substantially overcome by the use of IT in health care. However, to make this transition successful and complete, all aspects of health care delivery, information management, and business transactions, have to be logically migrated into the electronic world. This includes the function and use of the signature. The use of signatures in business contexts has traditionally provided two functions of legal significance: 1) evidence that can attribute documents to a particular party, and 2) indication of assent and intent that the documents have legal effect. In the recent decades, state and federal statutes have substantiated these functional attributes to digital or electronic signatures. Many of these statutes derive from model codes, such as the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act ( UETA ), that attempt to standardize use and technology surrounding electronic signatures. Subsequent sections will attempt to identify gaps in the standards which prevent true transaction portability. Lack of portability defeats one of the fundamental goals of health care IT solutions - improved efficiency. The discussion will end with a proposal for a uniform federal statutory scheme for standardized electronic signatures for health care

Tapol bulletin no, 16, June 1976

Contents: A question of aid -- From inside the prisons -- Congressional hearings continue -- An Indonesian embassy gets busy -- Dutch aid review? -- Sudomo speaks again -- A trial in focus -- More Papuans shot dead -- Indonesia heads black list -- Civil servants' rights -- 43 million pounds of UK aid since '66 -- Pertamina crisis worsens -- Holland America Line -- Glossary -- Suggested Reading: The Military Balance 1975-197

The Purpose of Law, Pancasila and Legality According to Ernst Utrecht: a Critical Reflection

Ernst Utrecht is one of the best legal scholars Indonesia has ever had. His political views position him as an organic intellectual; a legal scholar involved in and expressing the social consciousness, both in the academic as well as in the political arena. His controversial involvement came to a tragic end, causing him to leave Indonesia for good. This article describes and reflects on some of Utrecht's rather controversial ideas about law and politics; namely, first, “pengayoman” (guardianship) the purpose of law in Indonesia, a purpose of law which is almost completely absent from the mainstream conception of the purpose of law in contemporary legal texts, as he relates it to the idea of revolution and the teaching of Marxism, albeit taking a more critical approach. Second, Pancasila as state ethics and grundnorm, a theme which remains debated up to the present time, in spite of Kelsen's express statement that grundnorm must be clean from non-legal elements, thus the implication of recognizing Pancasila as state ethics is that Pancasila as grundnorm loses its theoretical ground. Finally, the principle of legality, subject to Utrecht's strong critique for reflecting the interest of those in power only. All of his above described thinking undoubtedly reaffirm Utrecht's predicate as one of the best legal scholars Indonesia has ever had

Politics of Taxonomy in Postcolonial Indonesia: Ethnic Traditions between Religionisation and Secularisation

The article discusses the politics of taxonomy that drive the entangled dynamics of religionisation and secularisation of ethnic traditions in postcolonial Indonesia, and the associated sociopolitical context. Defined in accordance with both emic notions of agamasasi (religionisation) and the concept of religion-making originally advanced by Arvind-Pal S. Mandair and Markus Dressler in 2011, “religionisation” relates to three interrelated processes that have had distinct ramifications in the different periods of postcolonial Indonesian history: (1) the way in which the Indonesian state has reified and institutionalised ‘religion’ as a monotheistic, revealed, and scriptural world religion; (2) the state-sanctioned positioning of ‘religion’ as distinct from local forms of spiritual belief, resulting in the desacralisation and secularisation of the latter; and (3) the way in which adherents of ethnic spiritualities have reframed and transformed their respective traditions in order to reflect the state-defined notion of ‘religion,’ and, in doing so, also accepted and strengthened the state discourse of development and modernity. The article also supports Nils Bubandt’s observation that the boundaries between the secular and the spiritual have always remained porous in Indonesian society as even so-called secular Indonesian politicians have tended to fall back on locally flavoured mystical or magical beliefs and practices in order to secure their political power

Tapol bulletin no, 175, March/April 2004

Contents: Rehabilitation nearer for PKI suspects -- Listening to the voice of the victims -- General elections: old wine in a new bottle -- Unlawful trials in Aceh -- Aceh Peace Conference in Kuala Lumpur -- Aceh a threat to Indonesia's unity -- Press freedom under threat -- Evidence of genocide in West Papua -- Tangguh: increased TNI and police presence -- Indonesian workers seek jobs abroad -- Legal challenge to U.K.'s arms polic

Implementing Electronic Services Transnational Guidelines and Perspectives

Electronic services to citizens are a growing concern to governments all over the world, not inthe least in the domains of social security and labor market. It was at the Montreal Conference of the ISSA –the International Social Security Association – in 1999 that many organizations in many countries showedto be grappling with many questions concerning the implementation of electronic service delivery. In orderto elaborate on experiences of implementation, the ISSA and three Dutch member organizations arranged anexpert work shop on implementation strategies for E-government in social security in the Autumn of 2000.This report summarizes the experts conclusions on strategies, methods, do´s and don´ts. It emphasizes theimportance of a mix of technological, political, legislational and organizational prerequisites.The considerations encompass the following domains or perspectives:(i) Infrastructure, being the technical devices such as network components, servers, protocols, instrumentsfor client identification, which needs some cooperation or coordination between social securityorganizations;(ii) Data management, which poses the question how governments can avoid to ask citizens or employersfor the same information twice;(iii) Standards and responsibilities, dealing with scope, and with how they are to be established,implemented and maintained;(iv) Client appreciation, one of the key issues when designing the services, which ones and how;(v) Issues of flexibility, which are related to changes in legislation, in technical standards and clientappreciation; and last but not least:(vi) Costs and benefits, the context of justification for investments.For each domain or theme, context, goals and experiences are stated first. Only a few examples aredescribed in the report itself. Each theme ends with do´s and don´ts, aiming at the promotion of action, atthe reduction not the ignorance of complexity. A range of illustrative cases is described in a separateappendix