46 research outputs found
Pro-Lie Groups: A survey with Open Problems
A topological group is called a pro-Lie group if it is isomorphic to a closed
subgroup of a product of finite-dimensional real Lie groups. This class of
groups is closed under the formation of arbitrary products and closed subgroups
and forms a complete category. It includes each finite-dimensional Lie group,
each locally compact group which has a compact quotient group modulo its
identity component and thus, in particular, each compact and each connected
locally compact group; it also includes all locally compact abelian groups.
This paper provides an overview of the structure theory and Lie theory of
pro-Lie groups including results more recent than those in the authors'
reference book on pro-Lie groups. Significantly, it also includes a review of
the recent insight that weakly complete unital algebras provide a natural
habitat for both pro-Lie algebras and pro-Lie groups, indeed for the
exponential function which links the two. (A topological vector space is weakly
complete if it is isomorphic to a power of an arbitrary set of copies of
. This class of real vector spaces is at the basis of the Lie theory of
pro-Lie groups.) The article also lists 12 open questions connected with
pro-Lie groups.Comment: 19 page
The characteristic polynomial of the Adams operators on graded connected Hopf algebras
The Adams operators on a Hopf algebra are the convolution powers
of the identity of . We study the Adams operators when is graded
connected. They are also called Hopf powers or Sweedler powers. The main result
is a complete description of the characteristic polynomial (both eigenvalues
and their multiplicities) for the action of the operator on each
homogeneous component of . The eigenvalues are powers of . The
multiplicities are independent of , and in fact only depend on the dimension
sequence of . These results apply in particular to the antipode of (the
case ). We obtain closed forms for the generating function of the
sequence of traces of the Adams operators. In the case of the antipode, the
generating function bears a particularly simple relationship to the one for the
dimension sequence. In case H is cofree, we give an alternative description for
the characteristic polynomial and the trace of the antipode in terms of certain
palindromic words. We discuss parallel results that hold for Hopf monoids in
species and -Hopf algebras.Comment: 36 pages; two appendice