14,690 research outputs found
State of the art 2015: a literature review of social media intelligence capabilities for counter-terrorism
Overview
This paper is a review of how information and insight can be drawn from open social media sources. It focuses on the specific research techniques that have emerged, the capabilities they provide, the possible insights they offer, and the ethical and legal questions they raise. These techniques are considered relevant and valuable in so far as they can help to maintain public safety by preventing terrorism, preparing for it, protecting the public from it and pursuing its perpetrators. The report also considers how far this can be achieved against the backdrop of radically changing technology and public attitudes towards surveillance. This is an updated version of a 2013 report paper on the same subject, State of the Art. Since 2013, there have been significant changes in social media, how it is used by terrorist groups, and the methods being developed to make sense of it.
The paper is structured as follows:
Part 1 is an overview of social media use, focused on how it is used by groups of interest to those involved in counter-terrorism. This includes new sections on trends of social media platforms; and a new section on Islamic State (IS).
Part 2 provides an introduction to the key approaches of social media intelligence (henceforth âSOCMINTâ) for counter-terrorism.
Part 3 sets out a series of SOCMINT techniques. For each technique a series of capabilities and insights are considered, the validity and reliability of the method is considered, and how they might be applied to counter-terrorism work explored.
Part 4 outlines a number of important legal, ethical and practical considerations when undertaking SOCMINT work
PICES Press, Vol. 20, No. 2, Summer 2012
â˘The 2012 Inter-sessional Science Board Meeting: A Note from Science Board Chairman (pp. 1-4)
âžPICES Interns (p. 4)
âž2012 Inter-sessional Workshop on a Roadmap for FUTURE (pp. 5-8)
âžSecond Symposium on âEffects of Climate Change on the Worldâs Oceansâ (pp. 9-13)
âž2012 Yeosu Workshop on âFramework for Ocean Observingâ (pp. 14-15)
âž2012 Yeosu Workshop on âClimate Change Projectionsâ (pp. 16-17)
âž2012 Yeosu Workshop on âCoastal Blue Carbonâ (pp. 18-20)
âžPolar Comparisons: Summary of 2012 Yeosu Workshop (pp. 21-23)
âž2012 Yeosu Workshop on âClimate Change and Range Shifts in the Oceans" (pp. 24-27)
âž2012 Yeosu Workshop on âBeyond Dispersionâ (pp. 28-30)
âž2012 Yeosu Workshop on âPublic Perception of Climate Changeâ (pp. 31, 50)
âžPICES Working Group 20: Accomplishments and Legacy (pp. 32-33)
âžThe State of the Western North Pacific in the Second Half of 2011 (pp. 34-35)
âžAnother Cold Winter in the Gulf of Alaska (pp. 36-37)
âžThe Bering Sea: Current Status and Recent Events (pp. 38-40)
âžPICES/ICES 2012 Conference for Early Career Marine Scientists (pp. 41-43)
âžCompletion of the PICES Seafood Safety Project â Indonesia (pp. 44-46)
âžOceanography Improves Salmon Forecasts (p. 47)
âž2012 GEOHAB Open Science Meeting (p. 48-50)
âžShin-ichi Ito awarded 2011 Uda Prize (p. 50
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Risk: a fiction
Uncertainty creates anxiety so attempts have been made to reduce it using mathematical techniques. In the electronics industry the very large quantities of devices processed have provided reliable statistics and the opportunity to employ statistical methods. However, in fields such as decision-making and risk assessment there are strong criticisms of the probability calculus that have been triggered by discrepancies between the analysis of experts and non-experts. A radically different alternative is to view risk assessment and decision-making as exercises in rhetoric centred on storytelling language games. And to see the risk assessors as part of a political network attempting to influence action
PICES Press, Vol. 20, No. 1, Winter 2012
â˘2011 PICES Science: A Note from the Science Board Chairman (pp. 1-6)
â˘2011 PICES Awards (pp. 7-9)
â˘Beyond the Terrible Disaster of the Great East Japan Earthquake (pp. 10-12)
â˘A New Era of PICES-ICES Scientific Cooperation (p. 13)
â˘New PICES Jellyfish Working Group Formed (pp. 14-15)
â˘PICES Working Group on North Pacific Climate Variability (pp. 16-18)
â˘Final U.S. GLOBEC Symposium and Celebration (pp. 19-25)
â˘2011 PICES Rapid Assessment Survey (pp. 26-29)
â˘Introduction to Rapid Assessment Survey Methodologies
for Detecting Non-indigenous Marine Species (pp. 30-31)
â˘The 7th International Conference on Marine Bioinvasions (pp. 32-33)
â˘NOWPAP/PICES/WESTPAC Training Course on
Remote Sensing Data Analysis (pp. 34-36)
â˘PICES-2011 Workshop on âTrends in Marine
Contaminants and their Effects in a Changing Oceanâ (pp. 37-39)
â˘The State of the Western North Pacific in the First Half
of 2011 (pp. 40-42)
â˘Yeosu Symposium theme sessions (p. 42)
â˘The Bering Sea: Current Status and Recent Events (pp. 43-44)
â˘News of the Northeast Pacific Ocean (pp. 45-47)
â˘Recent and Upcoming PICES Publications (p. 47)
â˘New leadership for the PICES Fishery Science Committee (p. 48
Holding Fast: The Persistence and Dominance of Gender Stereotypes
This paper investigates the persistence of gender stereotyping in the forecasting of risk attitudes. Subjects predict the gamble choice of target subjects in one of two treatments. First, based only on visual clues and then based on visual clues plus two responses by the target from a risk-preference survey. Second in reverse order: first, based only on the two responses then on the two responses plus visual clues. In isolation the gender stereotype and survey responses both inform predictions about othersâ risk attitudes. In conjunction with one another, however, the stereotype persists and dominates the survey response information.Experiment, Gender, Risk, Stereotype
Exploring Culturally Responsive Teaching and Student-Created Videos in an At-Risk Middle School Classroom
As the United States public school classrooms encounter notable shifts in student demographics and increased access to technology, teachers face the dual challenges of cultural and digital differences as they attempt to build relationships with students and develop responsive and relevant instruction. Framed by culturally responsive teaching, this qualitative study explored how one middle school teacher and his students in two summer school English classes interacted with and responded to novel technology-based instructional approach that sought to connect the studentsâ lives outside of school to the classroom. The findings suggest that involving the students within this culturally responsive teaching approach using student-created videos informs the contribution of both the teacher and the students for connecting home and school contexts with a CRT framework
The applications of social media in sports marketing
n the era of big data, sports consumer's activities in social media become valuable assets to sports marketers. In this paper, the authors review extant literature regarding how to effectively use social media to promote sports as well as how to effectively analyze social media data to support business decisions. Methods: The literature review method. Results: Our findings suggest that sports marketers can use social media to achieve the following goals, such as facilitating marketing communication campaigns, adding values to sports products and services, creating a two-way communication between sports brands and consumers, supporting sports sponsorship program, and forging brand communities. As to how to effectively analyze social media data to support business decisions, extent literature suggests that sports marketers to undertake traffic and engagement analysis on their social media sites as well as to conduct sentiment analysis to probe customer's opinions. These insights can support various aspects of business decisions, such as marketing communication management, consumer's voice probing, and sales predictions. Conclusion: Social media are ubiquitous in the sports marketing and consumption practices. In the era of big data, these ďźfootprintsďź can now be effectively analyzed to generate insights to support business decisions. Recommendations to both the sports marketing practices and research are also addressed
Measuring Emotional Contagion in Social Media
Social media are used as main discussion channels by millions of individuals
every day. The content individuals produce in daily social-media-based
micro-communications, and the emotions therein expressed, may impact the
emotional states of others. A recent experiment performed on Facebook
hypothesized that emotions spread online, even in absence of non-verbal cues
typical of in-person interactions, and that individuals are more likely to
adopt positive or negative emotions if these are over-expressed in their social
network. Experiments of this type, however, raise ethical concerns, as they
require massive-scale content manipulation with unknown consequences for the
individuals therein involved. Here, we study the dynamics of emotional
contagion using Twitter. Rather than manipulating content, we devise a null
model that discounts some confounding factors (including the effect of
emotional contagion). We measure the emotional valence of content the users are
exposed to before posting their own tweets. We determine that on average a
negative post follows an over-exposure to 4.34% more negative content than
baseline, while positive posts occur after an average over-exposure to 4.50%
more positive contents. We highlight the presence of a linear relationship
between the average emotional valence of the stimuli users are exposed to, and
that of the responses they produce. We also identify two different classes of
individuals: highly and scarcely susceptible to emotional contagion. Highly
susceptible users are significantly less inclined to adopt negative emotions
than the scarcely susceptible ones, but equally likely to adopt positive
emotions. In general, the likelihood of adopting positive emotions is much
greater than that of negative emotions.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
PICES Press, Vol. 21, No. 1, Winter 2013
â˘2012 PICES Science: A Note from the Science Board Chairman (pp. 1-6)
âž2012 PICES Awards (pp. 7-9)
âžGLOBEC/PICES/ICES ECOFOR Workshop (pp. 10-15)
âžICES/PICES Symposium on âForage Fish Interactionsâ (pp. 16-18)
âžThe Yeosu Declaration, the Yeosu Declaration Forum and the Yeosu Project (pp. 19-23)
âž2013 PICES Calendar (p. 23)
âžWhy Do We Need Human Dimensions for the FUTURE Program? (pp. 24-25)
âžNew PICES MAFF-Sponsored Project on âMarine Ecosystem Health and Human Well-Beingâ (pp. 26-28)
âžThe Bering Sea: Current Status and Recent Trends (pp. 29-31)
âžContinuing Cool in the Northeast Pacific Ocean (pp. 32, 35)
âžThe State of the Western North Pacific in the First Half of 2012 (pp. 33-35)
âžNew Leadership in PICES (pp. 36-39
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