140 research outputs found
JURI SAYS:An Automatic Judgement Prediction System for the European Court of Human Rights
In this paper we present the web platform JURI SAYS that automatically predicts decisions of the European Court of Human Rights based on communicated cases, which are published by the court early in the proceedings and are often available many years before the final decision is made. Our system therefore predicts future judgements of the court. The platform is available at jurisays.com and shows the predictions compared to the actual decisions of the court. It is automatically updated every month by including the prediction for the new cases. Additionally, the system highlights the sentences and paragraphs that are most important for the prediction (i.e. violation vs. no violation of human rights)
Distributed opportunistic argumentation guided by autonomous agent interaction
Within a distributed system, autonomous agents may find it necessary to cooperate in
order to achieve their objectives. Interaction protocols provide standard frameworks
within which to conduct common classes of interaction, but they are only useful when
the agents using them have a common interpretation of the constraints imposed by
those protocols. In open systems, where there are no system-wide objectives and components
are contributed from a variety of sources, this is difficult to ensure.
An agent within a sufficiently complex environment will find it necessary to draw
inferences from information sources of varying integrity and completeness. Given
flawed or incomplete information, it may be necessary for an agent to resort to nonmonotonic
reasoning in order to be able to make concrete decisions within limited
windows of opportunity. This can be expected to create inconsistencies in the joint
beliefs of agents which can only be repaired by dialogue between peers. To verify
and repair all possible sources of inconsistency is impractical for any sizable body of
inference however—any belief revision must therefore be subject to prioritisation.
In this thesis, we introduce a mechanism by which agents can perform opportunistic
argumentation during dialogue in order to perform distributed belief revision. An
interaction portrayal uses the protocol for a given interaction to identify the logical
constraints which must be resolved during the interaction as it unfolds. It then compares
and reconciles the expectations of agents prior to the resolution of those constraints
by generating and maintaining a system of arguments. The composition and
scope of arguments is restricted in order to minimise the information exchange whilst
still trying to ensure that all available admissible viewpoints are adequately represented
immediately prior to any decision. This serves both to make interaction more robust
(by allowing agents to make decisions based on the distributed wisdom of its peer
group without being explicitly directed by a protocol) and to reconcile beliefs in a
prioritised fashion (by focusing only on those beliefs which directly influence the outcome
of an interaction as determined by its protocol)
A model to support collective reasoning: Formalization, analysis and computational assessment
Inspired by e-participation systems, in this paper we propose a new model to
represent human debates and methods to obtain collective conclusions from them.
This model overcomes drawbacks of existing approaches by allowing users to
introduce new pieces of information into the discussion, to relate them to
existing pieces, and also to express their opinion on the pieces proposed by
other users. In addition, our model does not assume that users' opinions are
rational in order to extract information from it, an assumption that
significantly limits current approaches. Instead, we define a weaker notion of
rationality that characterises coherent opinions, and we consider different
scenarios based on the coherence of individual opinions and the level of
consensus that users have on the debate structure. Considering these two
factors, we analyse the outcomes of different opinion aggregation functions
that compute a collective decision based on the individual opinions and the
debate structure. In particular, we demonstrate that aggregated opinions can be
coherent even if there is a lack of consensus and individual opinions are not
coherent. We conclude our analysis with a computational evaluation
demonstrating that collective opinions can be computed efficiently for
real-sized debates
Using Norms To Control Open Multi-Agent Systems
Internet es, tal vez, el avance cientÃfico más relevante de nuestros dÃas. Entre
otras cosas, Internet ha permitido la evolución de los paradigmas de computación tradicionales hacia el paradigma de computaciónn distribuida, que se
caracteriza por utilizar una red abierta de ordenadores. Los sistemas multiagente
(SMA) son una tecnolog a adecuada para abordar los retos motivados
por estos sistemas abiertos distribuidos. Los SMA son aplicaciones formadas
por agentes heterog eneos y aut onomos que pueden haber sido dise~nados de
forma independiente de acuerdo con objetivos y motivaciones diferentes. Por
lo tanto, no es posible realizar ninguna hip otesis a priori sobre el comportamiento
de los agentes. Por este motivo, los SMA necesitan de mecanismos
de coordinaci on y cooperaci on, como las normas, para garantizar el orden
social y evitar la aparici on de conictos.
El t ermino norma cubre dos dimensiones diferentes: i) las normas como
un instrumento que gu a a los ciudadanos a la hora de realizar acciones y
actividades, por lo que las normas de nen los procedimientos y/o los protocolos
que se deben seguir en una situaci on concreta, y ii) las normas como
ordenes o prohibiciones respaldadas por un sistema de sanciones, por lo que
las normas son medios para prevenir o castigar ciertas acciones. En el area
de los SMA, las normas se vienen utilizando como una especi caci on formal
de lo que est a permitido, obligado y prohibido dentro de una sociedad. De
este modo, las normas permiten regular la vida de los agentes software y las
interacciones entre ellos.
La motivaci on principal de esta tesis es permitir a los dise~nadores de los
SMA utilizar normas como un mecanismo para controlar y coordinar SMA
abiertos. Nuestro objetivo es elaborar mecanismos normativos a dos niveles:
a nivel de agente y a nivel de infraestructura. Por lo tanto, en esta tesis se
aborda primero el problema de la de nici on de agentes normativos aut onomos
que sean capaces de deliberar acercaCriado Pacheco, N. (2012). Using Norms To Control Open Multi-Agent Systems [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/17800Palanci
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