Serviços multimédia multicast de próxima geração

Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e TelecomunicaçõesUma das mais recentes conquistas na evolução móvel foi o 3G, permitindo o acesso a serviços multimédia com qualidade de serviço assegurada. No entanto, a tecnologia UMTS, tal como definida na sua Release ’99, é apenas capaz de transmitir em modo unicast, sendo manifestamente ineficiente para comunicações multimédia almejando grupos de utilizadores. A tecnologia IMS surge na Release 5 do 3GPP que começou a responder já a algumas necessidades, permitindo comunicações sobre IP oferecendo serviços Internet a qualquer momento e em qualquer lugar sobre tecnologias de comunicação móveis fornecendo pela primeira vez sessões multimédia satisfatórias. A Release 6 por sua vez trouxe a tecnologia MBMS que permite transmissões em broadcast e multicast para redes móveis. O MBMS fornece os serviços de aplicações multimédia que todos estavam à espera, tanto para os utilizadores como para os prestadores de serviços. O operador pode agora fazer uso da tecnologia existente aumentando todo o tipo de benefícios no serviço prestado ao cliente. Com a possível integração destas duas tecnologias passa a ser possível desenvolver serviços assentes em redes convergentes em que os conteúdos são entregues usando tecnologias unicast, multicast ou broadcast. Neste contexto, o principal motivo deste trabalho consiste essencialmente em fazer uso dos recursos da rede terminando com o desperdício dos mesmos e aumentando a eficiência dos serviços através da integração das tecnologias IMS e MBMS. O trabalho realizado começa com o estudo do estado da arte das telecomunicações móveis com referência às tecnologias referidas, seguindo-se a apresentação da possível integração IMS-MBMS e terminando com o projecto de uma plataforma de demonstração que no futuro possa ser uma implementação de serviço multimédia multicast. O objectivo principal é mostrar os benefícios de um serviço que era normalmente executado em unicast relativamente ao modo multicast, fazendo uso da nova convergência de tecnologias IMS e MBMS. Na conclusão do trabalho são referidas as vantagens do uso de portadoras multicast e broadcast, tendo como perspectiva de que este trabalho possa ser um ponto de partida para um novo conjunto de serviços poupando recursos de rede e permitindo uma eficiência considerável em serviços inovadores.3G is bang up to date in the mobile phone industry. It allows access to multimedia services and gives a guarantee of quality of service. The UMTS technology, defined in 3GPP Release ’99, provides an unicast transmission, but it is completely inefficient when it comes to multimedia group communications. The IMS technology first appeared in Release 5 that has already started to consider the interests of the clients. It provides communications over IP, offering Internet services anytime, anywhere on mobile communication technologies. Also, it offers for the first time satisfactory multimedia sessions. On the other hand, Release 6 gave rise to the MBMS technology that provides broadcast and multicast transmissions for mobile networks. The MBMS provides multimedia applications services that everyone was waiting, including users and service providers. Now the operator makes use of existing technology in order to provide better costumer services. The possible integration of these two technologies will contribute to develop services based on converged networks in which contents are delivered through the unicast, multicast or broadcast technologies. Therefore, the objective of this work is basically to make use of network resources avoiding wastes and improving customer services through the integration of the IMS and the MBMS technologies. The executed work starts with the mobile telecommunications state of the art with reference to the referred technologies, followed by the IMS-MBMS convergence presentation and finishing with the proposal for implementation of a service platform that can be used for a multimedia multicast service. The main point is to show the benefits of a service that has been normally executed in unicast mode over the multicast mode, making use of the new IMS and MBMS technologies integration. To closure the work it is referred the advantages to use multicast and broadcast bearers, with the perspective that this work could be a starting point to a new set of services, saving network resources and allowing for innovate services a considerable efficency

Evaluation of channel switching threshold for MBMS in UMTS networks

In this project, thershold to switching from dedicated to shared/common channel for efficent delivery of MBMS serveces have been evaluated. It also been evaluated the coverage using multiple channer in function of the distribution of the user

MBMS—IP Multicast/Broadcast in 3G Networks

In this article, the Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service (MBMS) as standardized in 3GPP is presented. With MBMS, multicast and broadcast capabilities are introduced into cellular networks. After an introduction into MBMS technology, MBMS radio bearer realizations are presented. Different MBMS bearer services like broadcast mode, enhanced broadcast mode and multicast mode are discussed. Streaming and download services over MBMS are presented and supported media codecs are listed. Service layer components as defined in Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) are introduced. For a Mobile TV use case capacity improvements achieved by MBMS are shown. Finally, evolution of MBMS as part of 3GPP standardization is presented

Video Multicasting Over 3g/umts Networks

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2009Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2009Bu çalışmada, UMTS şebekelerinde kullanılan farklı çeşitteki çoğa gönderim teknolojileri olumlu ve olumsuz yanları ile birlikte açıklanmıştır. 3GPP standardı, çoklu dağıtımı desteklemek için MBMS (Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Services – Çoğul Ortam Yayın ve Çoklu Dağıtım Servisi) ile geliştirilmiştir. Bu tez esas olarak MBMS standardı, UMTS şebekelerine uygulanabilen video aktarım protokolleri ve teknikleri ile en önemli çoklu dağıtım servisi olarak görülen mobil televizyon uygulamasına odaklanmıştır. Teknolojik yeniliklerin başarısı ve kullanıcılar tarafından kabulü önemli ölçüde içeriğe dayalıdır. İçerik, kullanıcıların isteklerine göre tasarlanmalıdır ve mobil TV için önemli bir rol oynar. Bu tezde, kullanıcı istekleri ortaya konulmuş ve ayrıca mobil TV teknolojilerinin mevcut durumu, deneme sonuçları ve ticari olarak piyasaya sürülmesi tanımlanmıştır. Hangi durumlarda, nerelerde ve ne zaman bu hizmetlerin kullanılabileceğini tanımlamak için gerçekleştirilen araştırma sonuçları ortaya konulmuştur. Tezin bu konuya katkısı yeniden belirtilip, gelecekteki araştırmalara yön verecek bazı konulardan bahsedilmiştir.In this study different types of multicast technologies which are used in UMTS networks are introduced with their pros and cons. The 3GPP standard has been enhanced with MBMS (Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Services) to support multicasting. This thesis mainly focuses on MBMS standard, video streaming protocols and techniques that are applicable to UMTS networks and especially the mobile TV service. Success and user acceptance of new technology innovations are highly depend on the content. It needs to be designed according to consumers’ demands and play an important role for mobile TV. In this thesis, users’ demands are introduced, also mobile TV technologies current status, trial results and commercial launches are described. Research results are presented which are performed to define in what situations, where and when the service can be used. The contributions are restated and some insight into future research directions is given.Yüksek LisansM.Sc

Traffic and mobility management in large-scale networks of small cells

The growth in user demand for higher mobile data rates is driving Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) and network infrastructure vendors towards the adoption of innovative solutions in areas that span from physical layer techniques (e.g., carrier aggregation, massive MIMO, etc.) to the Radio Access Network and the Evolved Packet Core, amongst other. In terms of network capacity, out of a millionfold increase since 1957, the use of wider spectrum (25x increase), the division of spectrum into smaller resources (5x), and the introduction of advanced modulation and coding schemes (5x) have played a less significant role than the improvements in system capacity due to cell size reduction (1600x). This justifies the academic and industrial interest in short-range, low-power cellular base stations, such as small cells. The shift from traditional macrocell-based deployments towards heterogeneous cellular networks raises the need for new architectural and procedural frameworks capable of providing a seamless integration of massive deployments of small cells into the existing cellular network infrastructure. This is particularly challenging for large-scale, all-wireless networks of small cells (NoS), where connectivity amongst base stations is provided via a wireless multi-hop backhaul. Networks of small cells are a cost-effective solution for improving network coverage and capacity in high user-density scenarios, such as transportation hubs, sports venues, convention centres, dense urban areas, shopping malls, corporate premises, university campuses, theme parks, etc. This Ph.D. Thesis provides an answer to the following research question: What is the architectural and procedural framework needed to support efficient traffic and mobility management mechanisms in massive deployments of all-wireless 3GPP Long-Term Evolution networks of small cells? In order to do so, we address three key research challenges in NoS. First, we present a 3GPP network architecture capable of supporting large-scale, all-wireless NoS deployments in the Evolved Packet System. This involves delegating core network functions onto new functional entities in the network of small cells, as well as adapting Transport Network Layer functionalities to the characteristics of a NoS in order to support key cellular services. Secondly, we address the issue of local location management, i.e., determining the approximate location of a mobile terminal in the NoS upon arrival of an incoming connection from the core network. This entails the design, implementation, and evaluation of efficient paging and Tracking Area Update mechanisms that can keep track of mobile terminals in the complex scenario of an all-wireless NoS whilst mitigating the impact on signalling traffic throughout the local NoS domain and towards the core network. Finally, we deal with the issue of traffic management in large-scale networks of small cells. On the one hand, we propose new 3GPP network procedures to support direct unicast communication between LTE terminals camped on the same NoS with minimal involvement from functional entities in the Evolved Packet Core. On the other hand, we define a set of extensions to the standard 3GPP Multicast/Broadcast Multimedia Service (MBMS) in order to improve the quality of experience of multicast/broadcast traffic services in high user-density scenarios.El crecimiento de la demanda de tasas de transmisión más altas está empujando a los operadores de redes móviles y a los fabricantes de equipos de red a la adopción de soluciones innovadoras en áreas que se extienden desde técnicas avanzadas de capa física (agregación de portadoras, esquemas MIMO masivos, etc.) hasta la red de acceso radio y troncal, entre otras. Desde 1957 la capacidad de las redes celulares se ha multiplicado por un millón. La utilización de mayor espectro radioeléctrico (incremento en factor 25), la división de dicho espectro en recursos más pequeños (factor 5) y la introducción de esquemas avanzados de modulación y codificación (factor 5) han desempeñado un papel menos significativo que las mejoras en la capacidad del sistema debidas a la reducción del tamaño de las celdas (factor 1600). Este hecho justifica el interés del mundo académico y de la industria en estaciones base de corto alcance y baja potencia, conocidas comúnmente como small cells. La transición de despliegues tradicionales de redes celulares basados en macroceldas hacia redes heterogéneas pone de manifiesto la necesidad de adoptar esquemas arquitecturales y de procedimientos capaces de proporcionar una integración transparente de despliegues masivos de small cells en la actual infraestructura de red celular. Este aspecto es particularmente complejo en el caso de despliegues a gran escala de redes inalámbricas de small cells (NoS, en sus siglas en inglés), donde la conectividad entre estaciones base se proporciona a través de una conexión troncal inalámbrica multi-salto. En general, las redes de small cells son una solución eficiente para mejorar la cobertura y la capacidad de la red celular en entornos de alta densidad de usuarios, como núcleos de transporte, sedes de eventos deportivos, palacios de congresos, áreas urbanas densas, centros comerciales, edificios corporativos, campus universitarios, parques temáticos, etc. El objetivo de esta Tesis de Doctorado es proporcionar una respuesta a la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿Cuál es el esquema arquitectural y de procedimientos de red necesario para soportar mecanismos eficientes de gestión de tráfico y movilidad en despliegues masivos de redes inalámbricas de small cells LTE? Para responder a esta pregunta nos centramos en tres desafíos clave en NoS. En primer lugar, presentamos una arquitectura de red 3GPP capaz de soportar despliegues a gran escala de redes inalámbricas de small cells en el Evolved Packet System, esto es, el sistema global de comunicaciones celulares LTE. Esto implica delegar funciones de red troncal en nuevas entidades funcionales desplegadas en la red de small cells, así como adaptar funcionalidades de la red de transporte a las características de una NoS para soportar servicios celulares clave. En segundo lugar, nos centramos en el problema de la gestión de movilidad local, es decir, determinar la localización aproximada de un terminal móvil en la NoS a la llegada de una solicitud de conexión desde la red troncal. Esto incluye el diseño, la implementación y la evaluación de mecanismos eficientes de paging y Tracking Area Update capaces de monitorizar terminales móviles en el complejo escenario de redes de small cells inalámbricas que, a la vez, mitiguen el impacto sobre el tráfico de señalización en el dominio local de la NoS y hacia la red troncal. Finalmente, estudiamos el problema de gestión de tráfico en despliegues a gran escala de redes inalámbricas de small cells. Por un lado, proponemos nuevos procedimientos de red 3GPP para soportar comunicaciones unicast directas entre terminales LTE registrados en la misma NoS con mínima intervención por parte de entidades funcionales en la red troncal. Por otro lado, definimos un conjunto de extensiones para mejorar la calidad de la experiencia del servicio estándar 3GPP de transmisión multicast/broadcast de tráfico multimedia (MBMS, en sus siglas en inglés) en entornos de alta densidad de usuarios

Adaptive subframe allocation for next generation multimedia delivery over hybrid LTE unicast broadcast

The continued global roll-out of long term evolution (LTE) networks is providing mobile users with perpetually increasing ubiquitous access to a rich selection of high quality multimedia. Interactive viewing experiences including 3-D or free-viewpoint video require the synchronous delivery of multiple video streams. This paper presents a novel hybrid unicast broadcast synchronisation (HUBS) framework to synchronously deliver multi-stream content. Previous techniques on hybrid LTE implementations include staggered modulation and coding scheme grouping, adaptive modulation coding or implementing error recover techniques; the work presented here instead focuses on dynamic allocation of resources between unicast and broadcast, improving stream synchronisation as well as overall cell resource usage. Furthermore, the HUBS framework has been developed to work within the limitations imposed by the LTE specification. Performance evaluation of the framework is performed through the simulation of probable future scenarios, where a popular live event is broadcast with stereo 3-D or multi-angle companion views interactively offered to capable users. The proposed framework forms a ``HUBS group'' that monitors the radio bearer queues to establish a time lead or lag between broadcast and unicast streams. Since unicast and broadcast share the same radio resources, the number of subframes allocated to the broadcast transmission are then dynamically increased or decreased to minimise the average lead/lag time offset between the streams. Dynamic allocation showed improvements for all services across the cell, whilst keeping streams synchronised despite increased user loading

PROCESS FOR BREAKING DOWN THE LTE SIGNAL TO EXTRACT KEY INFORMATION

The increasingly important role of Long Term Evolution (LTE) has increased security concerns among the service providers and end users and made security of the network even more indispensable. The main thrust of this thesis is to investigate if the LTE signal can be broken down in a methodical way to obtain information that would otherwise be private; e.g., the Global Positioning System (GPS) location of the user equipment/base station or identity (ID) of the user. The study made use of signal simulators and software to analyze the LTE signal to develop a method to remove noise, breakdown the LTE signal and extract desired information. From the simulation results, it was possible to extract key information in the downlink like the Downlink Control Information (DCI), Cell-Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI) and physical Cell Identity (Cell-ID). This information can be modified to cause service disruptions in the network within a reasonable amount of time and with modest computing resources.Defence Science and Technology Agency, SingaporeApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Vývoj standardů mobilních sítí

Import 21/10/2013This bachelor thesis deals primarily with a development of LTE technologies and its possibilities of deployment in the Czech Republic and abroad. The thesis is initially focused on the development of mobile network standards since the advent of 3rd generation networks in Release 99 up to the newest Release 12 where the main telecommunication technologies are continuously described along with their advantages. As the LTE represents next evolution step in a field of mobile data transmission, the comparison of LTE and HSPA+ physical layers is also included. Among other it describes information blocks from transport channel over the transmission path and regaining of user data. The development of LTE networks in the world deals with an actual progress of the deployment of this technology. In detail, there are described countries where the LTE is in a commercial service among with a comparison of used frequency bands. Addressing with issue of development and deployment of LTE in the Czech Republic is a content of the last part. With regard to the current network state of each provider, it is also focused on legislation, backbone networks and frequency planning which is closely related to the forthcoming auction of the Digital Dividend.Tato bakalářská práce pojednává především o vývoji LTE technologíí a jejich možnostech nasazení v České Republice a ve světě. Práce se nejprve zaměřuje na vývoj mobilních standardů od nástupu sítí třetí generace, Release 99, až po doposud nejnovější Release 12, kde jsou postupně probrány vrcholové telekomunikační technologie a jejich přednosti. V práci jsou dále popsány rozdíly fyzických vrstev mezi technologiemi HSPA+ a LTE, jelikož se jedná o další evoluční krok v oblasti datových přenosů. Popis obsahuje blokové srovnání od samotné inicializace transportního kanálu, po přenosovou cestu a opětovného získání užitečné informace. Vývoj LTE sítí ve světě pojednává o aktuálním stavu vývoje a rozšíření této technologie. Podrobně jsou zde popsány země, kde se LTE používá spolu se srovnáním použitých frekvenčních pásem. Poslední část řeší otázku vývoje a nasazení LTE v České Republice. S ohledem na aktuální stav sítí jednotlivých operátoru je sekce zaměřena také na legislativu, páteřní sítě a frekvenční plánování, s čímž souvisí také očekáváná aukce z digitální dividendy.440 - Katedra telekomunikační technikyvelmi dobř

Learning-based mechanism to enhance LTE-U operation

Nowadays, mobile communications are evolving to more complex systems and environments, LTE-U is a clear example as it needs to work in the unlicensed spectrum, which is a highly occupied and changing environment. A good solution for the channel selection in this case is using learning mechanisms. Learning techniques provide the systems with the ability to learn from the environment in order to make the best decisions. In this thesis you can find the evolution of the LTE technology until arriving to LTE-U, and also a brief explanation about learning. The project also explores evolutions of a given channel selection algorithm based in Q-learning, firstly finding initial values that make it work better and, secondly, proposing some variations in order to improve its performance.Hoy en día, las comunicaciones móviles están evolucionando hacia sistemas y entornos más complejos, LTE-U es un claro ejemplo ya que tiene que operar en el espectro libre, que es un entorno altamente ocupado y en constante cambio. Una buena solución para la selección de canal en este caso es el uso de mecanismos de aprendizaje. Las técnicas de aprendizaje proveen a los sistemas la habilidad de aprender de su entorno para poder tomar las mejores decisiones posibles. En esta tesis podréis encontrar la evolución de la tecnología LTE hasta llegar a LTE-U, y también una breve explicación sobre el aprendizaje. El proyecto también explora evoluciones de un algoritmo de selección de canal basado en Q-learning librado previamente, primero encontrando valores iniciales que lo hacen trabajar mejor y, después, proponiendo algunas variaciones para aumentar su rendimiento.Avui en dia, les comunicacions mòbils estan evolucionant cap a sistemes i entorns més complexos, l’LTE-U n’és un clar exemple ja que ha d’operar en l’espectre lliure, que és un entorn molt ocupat i constantment en canvi. Una bona solució per la selecció de canal és, en aquest cas, fer servir mecanismes d’aprenentatge. Les tècniques d’aprenentatge donen als sistemes l’habilitat d’aprendre de l’entorn per poder prendre les millors decisions possibles. En aquesta tesi podreu trobar l’evolució de la tecnologia LTE fins arribar a l’LTE-U, i també una breu explicació sobre l’aprenentatge. El projecte també explora evolucions d’un algorisme de selecció de canal basat en Q-learning lliurat prèviament, primer trobant valors inicials que el fan treballar millor i, després, proposant algunes variacions per augmentar el seu rendiment

Multimedia delivery in the future internet

The term “Networked Media” implies that all kinds of media including text, image, 3D graphics, audio and video are produced, distributed, shared, managed and consumed on-line through various networks, like the Internet, Fiber, WiFi, WiMAX, GPRS, 3G and so on, in a convergent manner [1]. This white paper is the contribution of the Media Delivery Platform (MDP) cluster and aims to cover the Networked challenges of the Networked Media in the transition to the Future of the Internet. Internet has evolved and changed the way we work and live. End users of the Internet have been confronted with a bewildering range of media, services and applications and of technological innovations concerning media formats, wireless networks, terminal types and capabilities. And there is little evidence that the pace of this innovation is slowing. Today, over one billion of users access the Internet on regular basis, more than 100 million users have downloaded at least one (multi)media file and over 47 millions of them do so regularly, searching in more than 160 Exabytes1 of content. In the near future these numbers are expected to exponentially rise. It is expected that the Internet content will be increased by at least a factor of 6, rising to more than 990 Exabytes before 2012, fuelled mainly by the users themselves. Moreover, it is envisaged that in a near- to mid-term future, the Internet will provide the means to share and distribute (new) multimedia content and services with superior quality and striking flexibility, in a trusted and personalized way, improving citizens’ quality of life, working conditions, edutainment and safety. In this evolving environment, new transport protocols, new multimedia encoding schemes, cross-layer inthe network adaptation, machine-to-machine communication (including RFIDs), rich 3D content as well as community networks and the use of peer-to-peer (P2P) overlays are expected to generate new models of interaction and cooperation, and be able to support enhanced perceived quality-of-experience (PQoE) and innovative applications “on the move”, like virtual collaboration environments, personalised services/ media, virtual sport groups, on-line gaming, edutainment. In this context, the interaction with content combined with interactive/multimedia search capabilities across distributed repositories, opportunistic P2P networks and the dynamic adaptation to the characteristics of diverse mobile terminals are expected to contribute towards such a vision. Based on work that has taken place in a number of EC co-funded projects, in Framework Program 6 (FP6) and Framework Program 7 (FP7), a group of experts and technology visionaries have voluntarily contributed in this white paper aiming to describe the status, the state-of-the art, the challenges and the way ahead in the area of Content Aware media delivery platforms