MODIFIKASI RANGKAIAN PENGUAT AUDIO MENGGUNAKAN IC STK4050V

ABSTRAKRangkaian penguat audio menggunakan IC STK4050V telah berhasil dimodifikasi. Perancangan ini bertujuan untuk menguatkan sinyal suara pada rangkaian penguat audio yang telah dimodifikasi dengan menggunakan potensiometer sebagai pengatur penguat sinyal. Rangkaian ini terdiri dari komponen-komponen elektronika seperti resistor, kapasitor, induktor, dan IC sebagai komponen utama untuk menguatkan sinyal suara. Rangkaian penguat audio menggunakan speaker yang mempunyai resistansi 8 ohm. Penguat audio pada system ini menyuplai tegangan 30 volt dan arus 5 ampere untuk menghasilkan daya 150 watt. Penggunaan arus 5 ampere pada power supply disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan daya output dari rangkaian penguat audio. Dari hasil pengujian didapatkan bahwa alat ini menghasilkan penguatan yang bervariasi mulai dari 1,3 sampai 3,27 kali pada frekuensi 100 Hz. Dan pada frekuensi 200 Hz mulai dari 1,16 sampai 4,3 kali. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian penguat audio yang telah dirancang ini mampu menguatkan suara.Kata kunci : Audio, Sinyal, PenguatABSTRACTThe audio amplifier circuit using IC STK4050V has been successfully modified. The design aims to amplify the sound signal on audio amplifier circuit which has modified by using a potentiometer as a regulator of signal booster. This circuit consists of electronic components such as resistor, capacitor, inductor and IC as a main component to strengthen the sound signal. This audio amplifier uses a speaker which has resistance of 8 ohm. Audio amplifier in this system supply voltage of 30 volts and current of 5 ampere to generate power of 150 watt. The usage of flow 5 ampere in power supply is adjusted to the output power needs of audio amplifier circuit. From the test result obtained that, this instrument generates a reinforcement that vary from 1.3 up to 3.27 times at frequency of 100 Hz and at frequency of 200 Hz, vary from 1.16 up to 4.3 times. Based on the results of testing, the audio amplifier has been designed is capable to amplifying the audio.Keywords : Audio, Signal, Amplifie

Portable music player

Práce se zabývá návrhem přenosného hudebního přehrávače se zesilovačem ve třídě D. Zařízení je napájeno z připojeného napájecího zdroje, popřípadě integrovaného akumulátoru. Audio signál je přehráván pomocí bluetooth modulu, zvukové karty a sluchátkového vstupu. Přepínání vstupů a nabíjení akumulátoru ovládá mikrokontrolér. Součástí zesilovače je i korekční ekvalizér pro korekci zvuku. Veškeré periférie budou uloženy do dřevěné ozvučnice a zvuk bude reprodukován dvojící reproduktorů.The thesis deals with the project of a portable music player with an amplifier in the class D. The device is powered up by connected power supply unit, eventually by built-in accumulator. Audio signal is played by bluetooth module, sound card or headphone output. Switching inputs and power supply of the accumulator is managed by a micro-controller. A correction equalizer for sound control is also embedded in the booster. All peripheries are put into a wooden baffle board. The sound is reproduced by a pair of loudspeakers.

Technology requirements for communication satellites in the 1980's

The key technology requirements are defined for meeting the forecasted demands for communication satellite services in the 1985 to 1995 time frame. Evaluation is made of needs for services and technical and functional requirements for providing services. The future growth capabilities of the terrestrial telephone network, cable television, and satellite networks are forecasted. The impact of spacecraft technology and booster performance and costs upon communication satellite costs are analyzed. Systems analysis techniques are used to determine functional requirements and the sensitivities of technology improvements for reducing the costs of meeting requirements. Recommended development plans and funding levels are presented, as well as the possible cost saving for communications satellites in the post 1985 era

The CosmicWatch Desktop Muon Detector: a self-contained, pocket sized particle detector

The CosmicWatch Desktop Muon Detector is a self-contained, hand-held cosmic ray muon detector that is valuable for astro/particle physics research applications and outreach. The material cost of each detector is under $100 and it takes a novice student approximately four hours to build their first detector. The detectors are powered via a USB connection and the data can either be recorded directly to a computer or to a microSD card. Arduino- and Python-based software is provided to operate the detector and an online application to plot the data in real-time. In this paper, we describe the various design features, evaluate the performance, and illustrate the detectors capabilities by providing several example measurements.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure

Developing a Signal Booster for Improved Communication in Remote Areas

A GSM mobile phone signal booster basically consists of a bidirectional amplifier created to boost weak cell phone signals in remote or hard-to-reach areas. The purpose of boosting signals is to promote clearer reception for cellular phone users in difficult locations. It is meant to solve the problem of bad network in offices, camps, recreational centers, homes and in vehicles. The device brings improved network signal to a relatively poor network area. This work intends to develop a device which can provide users with relatively high signal strength in a poor network area and at a lower cost. This is done in order to provide them with seamless, uninterrupted and reliable communication and in the final analysis, make GSM network available everywhere irrespective of height, terrain and location. To effect this, three major components are utilized, they include: an external antenna to capture the weak signal, a signal amplifier to boost the captured signal and an internal antenna to redistribute the signal for users around the area where enhanced signal is required. Keywords: Amplifier, Antenna, Base Station, GSM, Mobile Phones and Signal Booster DOI: 10.7176/NCS/10-06 Publication date:August31st 201

PERANCANGAN SISTEM KOMUNIKASI DUA ARAH DENGAN SISTEM MODULASI FM

Pada penelitian ini akan dirancang sistem komunikasi dua arah dengan modulasi FM dengan daya output 60-80 watt menggunakan osilator colfit dan daya 5 watt, yang kemudian diperkuat oleh transistor 2SC1946 dan transistor 2SC2630 sebagai driver booster (penguat akhir). Alat komunikasi ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan sebagai alat alternatif komunikasi tanpa kabel pada daerah terpencil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan telah dapat dirancang sistem komunikasi dua arah dengan modulasi FM pada frekuensi 104MHz. Kekuatan sinyalnya diukur menggunakan level meter dan diletakkan pada konektor antena. Pengaktifan alat komunikasi tergantung informasi yang akan dikirim ke orang lain melalui suara ke mic maka fungsi saklar mic ini sebagai alat on/off untuk pergantian pembicaraan pada saat mengirim informasi

The application of the analog signal to discrete time interval converter to the signal conditioner power supplies

The Analog Signal to Discrete Time Interval Converter microminiaturized module was utilized to control the signal conditioner power supplies. The multi-loop control provides outstanding static and dynamic performance characteristics, exceeding those generally associated with single-loop regulators. Eight converter boards, each containing three independent dc to dc converter, were built, tested, and delivered

Low-Power Slew-Rate Boosting Based 12-Bit Pipeline ADC Utilizing Forecasting Technique in the Sub-ADCS

The dissertation presents architecture and circuit solutions to improve the power efficiency of high-speed 12-bit pipelined ADCs in advanced CMOS technologies. First, the 4.5bit algorithmic pipelined front-end stage is proposed. It is shown that the algorithmic pipelined ADC requires a simpler sub-ADC and shows lower sensitivity to the Multiplying DAC (MDAC) errors and smaller area and power dissipation in comparison to the conventional multi-bit per stage pipelined ADC. Also, it is shown that the algorithmic pipelined architecture is more tolerant to capacitive mismatch for the same input-referred thermal noise than the conventional multi-bit per stage architecture. To take full advantage of these properties, a modified residue curve for the pipelined ADC is proposed. This concept introduces better linearity compared with the conventional residue curve of the pipelined ADC; this approach is particularly attractive for the digitization of signals with large peak to average ratio such as OFDM coded signals. Moreover, the minimum total required transconductance for the different architectures of the 12-bit pipelined ADC are computed. This helps the pipelined ADC designers to find the most power-efficient architecture between different topologies based on the same input-referred thermal noise. By employing this calculation, the most power efficient architecture for realizing the 12-bit pipelined ADC is selected. Then, a technique for slew-rate (SR) boosting in switched-capacitor circuits is proposed in the order to be utilized in the proposed 12-bit pipelined ADC. This technique makes use of a class-B auxiliary amplifier that generates a compensating current only when high slew-rate is demanded by large input signal. The proposed architecture employs simple circuitry to detect the need of injecting current at the output load by implementing a Pre-Amp followed by a class-B amplifier, embedded with a pre-defined hysteresis, in parallel with the main amplifier to boost its slew phase. The proposed solution requires small static power since it does not need high dc-current at the output stage of the main amplifier. The proposed technique is suitable for high-speed low-power multi-bit/stage pipelined ADC applications. Both transistor-level simulations and experimental results in TSMC 40nm technology reduces the slew-time for more than 45% and shorts the 1% settling time by 28% when used in a 4.5bit/stage pipelined ADC; power consumption increases by 20%. In addition, the technique of inactivating and disconnecting of the sub-ADC’s comparators by forecasting the sign of the sampled input voltage is proposed in the order to reduce the dynamic power consumption of the sub-ADCs in the proposed 12-bit pipelined ADC. This technique reduces the total dynamic power consumption more than 46%. The implemented 12-bit pipelined ADC achieves an SNDR/SFDR of 65.9/82.3 dB at low input frequencies and a 64.1/75.5 dB near Nyquist frequency while running at 500 MS/s. The pipelined ADC prototype occupies an active area of 0.9 mm^2 and consumes 18.16 mW from a 1.1 V supply, resulting in a figure of merit (FOM) of 22.4 and a 27.7 fJ/conversion-step at low-frequency and Nyquist frequency, respectively