14,024 research outputs found

    INDIAN STATE-LEVEL RICE PRODUCTIVITY AND ITS IMPACT ON POVERTY ALLEVIATION

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    This paper has a three fold contribution to the existing literature - 1) Indian state level sorghum input and output data for the period 1970-71 to 2000-01 is collected, 2) non-parametric and parametric productivity measures are estimated, and 3) examine the impact of percent acreage under high yielding varieties and irrigation, state domestic product, productivity and five year plans on poverty alleviation using error component and SUR models.Research Methods/ Statistical Methods,

    SMEs, Growth, and Poverty

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    This paper explores the relationship between the relative size of the Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) sector, economic growth, and poverty alleviation using a new database on the share of SME labor in the total manufacturing labor force. Using a sample of 45 countries, we find a strong, positive association between the importance of SMEs and GDP per capita growth. The data do not, however, confidently support the conclusions that SMEs exert a causal impact on growth. Furthermore, we find no evidence that SMEs alleviate poverty or decrease income inequality.

    Does Inequality Matter for Poverty Reduction? Evidence from Pakistan’s Poverty Trends

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    The paper explores the linkages between poverty, growth and inequality in the context of Pakistan. Time series macro data are used for the period 1979 to 2002. Consistent poverty and inequality measures are interpolated to facilitate the estimation of poverty elasticity with respect to growth and inequality in a multivariate regression framework. The paper also attempts to find out macroeconomic and structural correlates of inequality. The empirical findings—high poverty elasticity with respect to inequality measures—confirm the importance of inequality in poverty reducing effort. Inflation, sectoral wage gap, and terms of trade in favour of manufacturing exacerbate inequality, while progressive taxation, investment and development expenditure on social services play a significant role in reducing inequality. The results also indicate a positive correlation between per capita GDP and income inequality.Pakistan, Poverty Trend, Income Distribution, Poverty Elasticity with respect to Growth and Inequality

    Growth and Poverty. The case of MĂ©xico

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    Although poverty levels have been diminishing in Mexico since the late 90’s, several regions still show high levels of poverty which are extremely high in some rural areas. The paper addresses the issue of the linkages between sectoral growth (urban/rural) and poverty levels by applying Ravallion and Datt (1996) reduced equation®s approach to regional data for Mexico. Poverty levels in rural and urban areas are thus linked to the performance of agricultural and non agricultural growth. Although the data cover only 8 years, following Deaton (1994) we make use, for the first time to these data to the best of our knowledge, of their spatial variation to get enough degrees of freedom. The main finding of the paper was that, although both types of growth impacted negatively on poverty levels in Mexico, rural growth seems to have had substantially higher power in improving consumption per capita for the poorest among the poor people. Urban growth affected mostly urban poverty whereas rural growth affected principally rural poverty. The only inter-sector linkage found was the one that connects rural growth with urban poverty for those people above the food-poverty line but below the moderate poverty line. Exploring plausible channels, we have found that whilerural growth enhances equality of income distribution at total and urban levels, urban growth does exactly the opposite increasing inequality in rural areas. We further explored labor market issues and found that rural growth impacted positively on labor demand for unskilled workers. We have also explored the issue of the impact of rural/urban growth on relative food prices, although no impact was found here. The share of agriculture in total income is relatively more important for poor people in rural areas, and most of the food-poor people live in rural areas. This may be at the root of our findingsEconomic growth, poverty, inequality, agriculture,

    SOLVING THE POVERTY CRISIS IN NIGERIA: AN APPLIED GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM APPROACH

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    PERHAPS, POVERTY AND PLENTY IS THE WORLD'S GREATEST CHALLENGE. THIS STUDY THEREFORE PROPOSE AN APPLIED(COMPUTABLE)GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM APPROACH, THAT IS A RENEW ATTENTION TO THE PROBLEM OF POVERTY , EMPLOYMENT AND INEQUALITY THAT EARLIER STRATEGIES FOCUSING ON RAPID GROWTH WERE UNABLE TO RESOLVE. USING NIGERIA AS A CASE STUDY, WE PERFORM THE SPECIFICATION, ESTIMATION AND CALIBRATION OF A POVERTY-BASED MODEL WITHIN DATA FRAMEWORK OF SOCIAL ACCOUNTING MATRIX(SAM). THE RESEARCH OUTPUT IS EXPECTED TO BE THE POLICY RESPONSE TO THE ENVISAGED COMPLEX HUMANITARIAN EMERGENCIES(CHEs) FACING POOR COUNTREIS SUCH AS NIGERIA.POVERTY, APPLIED GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL, SOCIAL ACCOUNTING MATRICE, NIGERIAN ECONOMY, EMPLOYMENT, INEQUALITY

    Anti-Poverty Transfers without Riots in Tunisia

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    We draw some lessons from the Tunisian experience of social reforms and associated unrest. Our main interest is the riots that occurred after subsidy cuts and the attempts at substitution of price subsidies by direct cash transfers. We propose new welfare indicators to assess reforms in such situations. Using micro level data, we show that plausible policy decisions depend on parameters describing the balance between poverty and program exclusion risk. In the Tunisian case, only a much larger weight put on poverty relatively to exclusion could bring the decision maker to substitute in force price subsidies with direct cash transfers.Poverty; Social conflicts; North Africa, Tunisia, Targeting; Social transfers

    Anti-Poverty Transfers without Riots in Tunisia

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    In this paper, we draw some lessons from the Tunisian experience of social reforms and associated civil conflict. Our main interest is the riots that occurred after subsidy cuts and the attempts at substitution of price subsidies by direct cash transfers. We propose new welfare indicators apt to assess policy reforms in such situations. Using micro level data, we show that plausible policy decisions depend on parameters describing the balance between poverty and program exclusion risk. In the Tunisian case, only a much larger weight put on poverty relatively to exclusion could bring the decision maker to substitute the in force price subsidies with direct cash transfers.Poverty; Social conflicts; North Africa, Tunisia, Targeting; Social transfers

    Institutional Framework and Poverty: A Transition Economy Perspective

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    This paper focuses on the role of institutions in poverty alleviation, where both poverty and institutions are interpreted broadly. The broadening of the poverty notion is important at least from the policy perspective. Even if one were convinced that higher growth would reduce income poverty to an acceptable margin, there appears to be little concrete policy measures that one may offer so as to harness greater growth. Besides, the weight of the empirical evidence to date, if not squarely founded on the transition economies of the EEFSU region, is that reducing average poverty is not enough. Existing and possibly rising inequality would ensure that a great many would fall through the cracks, and not benefit from high growth, even if that was achievable. The non-income elements of poverty, on the other hand, are more directly open to influence by policy interventions such as the easing of micro credit and other public and private ventures in health, sanitation, literacy and numeracy fronts. Finally the modest amount of information available at our disposal indicates that the underlying strength of the institutions (economic, political and social) is possibly the single most agent of significance to bring about the alleviation of non-income poverty. There is a further possibility that the same institutional forces would also materially affect the income measure of poverty as well in a discernible fashion.

    Institutional Framework and Poverty: A Transition Economy Perspective

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    Institutions, Poverty reduction, Growth
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