28,578 research outputs found
A Leaf Recognition Algorithm for Plant Classification Using Probabilistic Neural Network
In this paper, we employ Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) with image and
data processing techniques to implement a general purpose automated leaf
recognition algorithm. 12 leaf features are extracted and orthogonalized into 5
principal variables which consist the input vector of the PNN. The PNN is
trained by 1800 leaves to classify 32 kinds of plants with an accuracy greater
than 90%. Compared with other approaches, our algorithm is an accurate
artificial intelligence approach which is fast in execution and easy in
implementation.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, 2 table
PID control system analysis, design, and technology
Designing and tuning a proportional-integral-derivative
(PID) controller appears to be conceptually intuitive, but can
be hard in practice, if multiple (and often conflicting) objectives
such as short transient and high stability are to be achieved.
Usually, initial designs obtained by all means need to be adjusted
repeatedly through computer simulations until the closed-loop
system performs or compromises as desired. This stimulates
the development of "intelligent" tools that can assist engineers
to achieve the best overall PID control for the entire operating
envelope. This development has further led to the incorporation
of some advanced tuning algorithms into PID hardware modules.
Corresponding to these developments, this paper presents a
modern overview of functionalities and tuning methods in patents,
software packages and commercial hardware modules. It is seen
that many PID variants have been developed in order to improve
transient performance, but standardising and modularising PID
control are desired, although challenging. The inclusion of system
identification and "intelligent" techniques in software based PID
systems helps automate the entire design and tuning process to
a useful degree. This should also assist future development of
"plug-and-play" PID controllers that are widely applicable and
can be set up easily and operate optimally for enhanced productivity,
improved quality and reduced maintenance requirements
Transient Analyses Of Synchronous Motor Trains
LecturePg. 111-117.This paper discusses the philosophy of optimum location of torsional critical speeds which will be excited by the transient startup, as well as methods of adjusting the resonant frequencies. Pulsating torque, average torque, and acceleration rate during startup are considered in choosing the best frequency range for the resonances. Both steady-state and transient torsional excitation are discussed along with the applicable stress criterion. A method to determine the allowable number of startups is presented involving cumulative fatigue considerations which apply to the transient torsional stresses. The severity of backlash in gears and geared couplings is discussed and methods for calculating the response of the system to instantaneous negative torque are presented. The proper choice of couplings can change mode shapes, reduce backlash severity, and add damping which can reduce the detrimental effects to the torsional system. The proper specifications of couplings and gears in the design stage and the proper definition of service conditions greatly aid the gear and coupling manufacturers and can result in a system which will operate reliably, even under backlash conditions
Assessment of flying-quality criteria for air-breathing aerospacecraft
A study of flying quality requirements for air breathing aerospacecraft gives special emphasis to the unusual operational requirements and characteristics of these aircraft, including operation at hypersonic speed. The report considers distinguishing characteristics of these vehicles, including dynamic deficiencies and their implications for control. Particular emphasis is given to the interaction of the airframe and propulsion system, and the requirements for dynamic systems integration. Past operational missions are reviewed to define tasks and maneuvers to be considered for this class of aircraft. Areas of special concern with respect to vehicle dynamics and control are identified. Experience with the space shuttle orbiter is reviewed with respect to flight control system mechanization and flight experience in approach and landing flying qualities for the National Aerospace Plane (NASP)
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