71,049 research outputs found
Knowledge and information needs of informal caregivers in palliative care : a qualitative systematic review
Objectives: To review current understanding of the knowledge and information needs
of informal caregivers in palliative settings. Data sources: Seven electronic databases
were searched for the period January 1994âNovember 2006: Medline, CINAHL, PsychINFO,
Embase, Ovid, Zetoc and Pubmed using a meta-search engine (MetalibÂź).
Key journals and reference lists of selected papers were hand searched. Review methods:
Included studies were peer-reviewed journal articles presenting original research.
Given a variety of approaches to palliative care research, a validated systematic review
methodology for assessing disparate evidence was used in order to assign scores to
different aspects of each study (introduction and aims, method and data, sampling,
data analysis, ethics and bias, findings/results, transferability/generalizability, implications
and usefulness). Analysis was assisted by abstraction of key details of study into
a table. Results: Thirty-four studies were included from eight different countries. The
evidence was strongest in relation to pain management, where inadequacies in caregiver
knowledge and the importance of education were emphasized. The significance
of effective communication and information sharing between patient, caregiver and
service provider was also emphasized. The evidence for other caregiver knowledge
and information needs, for example in relation to welfare and social support was
weaker. There was limited literature on non-cancer conditions and the care-giving
information needs of black and minority ethnic populations. Overall, the evidence
base was predominantly descriptive and dominated by small-scale studies, limiting
generalizability. Conclusions: As palliative care shifts into patientsâ homes, a more rigorously
researched evidence base devoted to understanding caregivers knowledge
and information needs is required. Research design needs to move beyond the current
focus on dyads to incorporate the complex, three-way interactions between patients,
service providers and caregivers in end-of-life care setting
Automated Map Reading: Image Based Localisation in 2-D Maps Using Binary Semantic Descriptors
We describe a novel approach to image based localisation in urban
environments using semantic matching between images and a 2-D map. It contrasts
with the vast majority of existing approaches which use image to image database
matching. We use highly compact binary descriptors to represent semantic
features at locations, significantly increasing scalability compared with
existing methods and having the potential for greater invariance to variable
imaging conditions. The approach is also more akin to human map reading, making
it more suited to human-system interaction. The binary descriptors indicate the
presence or not of semantic features relating to buildings and road junctions
in discrete viewing directions. We use CNN classifiers to detect the features
in images and match descriptor estimates with a database of location tagged
descriptors derived from the 2-D map. In isolation, the descriptors are not
sufficiently discriminative, but when concatenated sequentially along a route,
their combination becomes highly distinctive and allows localisation even when
using non-perfect classifiers. Performance is further improved by taking into
account left or right turns over a route. Experimental results obtained using
Google StreetView and OpenStreetMap data show that the approach has
considerable potential, achieving localisation accuracy of around 85% using
routes corresponding to approximately 200 meters.Comment: 8 pages, submitted to IEEE/RSJ International Conference on
Intelligent Robots and Systems 201
Sex and Gender Segregation in Competitive Sport: Internal and External Normative Perspectives
What are the justifications for mandatory sex segregation in competitive sport, and what are the arguments against it? This article takes up these questions. I argue that justifications of sex segregation in sport should be sensitive to two distinct perspectives that can come into play. The âinternalâ perspective emphasizes considerations rooted in an ethos of athletic competition. The âexternalâ perspective brings into focus broader social norms such as anti-discrimination principles and equality goals. Both perspectives support the general idea of separate menâs and womenâs competitions, at least in elite levels of sports that reward physical strength and power. The perspectives may diverge, however, on specific questions about who should be permitted to compete in each division, and more particularly, on the appropriate treatment of transgender athletes. What is important to see is that objections that arise from the external vantage point of equality and anti-discrimination cannot be fully answered by appeal to internal considerations about the competitive integrity of sport. Institutional decisions to exclude classes of individuals from participating in menâs or womenâs competitions must consider not only what would be best for the sport, but what is required by antidiscrimination principles and genuine commitment to respect for gender identity and expression
The cultural currency of Afro-Caribbeans in Northamptonshire c. 1960-1990
This article addresses how Northamptonshire Afro-Caribbeans c. 1960-1990 were simultaneously part of the transformation from people of the Caribbean with individual island identities/nationalities into Afro-Caribbean British people whilst helping to shape this ethno-racial development. Oral history has been integral in conducting this research, with past Northamptonshire Black History Association (NBHA) interviews from 2002-2005 being a great asset to the interviews conducted by the author in 2009-2010 Economic concepts involving monetary currencies and flight to quality will be used to show how these monetary philosophies can help historians understand how culture and its manifestations are forms, and have systems, of exchange. These monetary concepts will also be used to create an understanding of cultural currency, as well as the frameworks for analysing how acquiring strong cultural currencies often leads to exchanging them for other strong cultural currencies. Northamptonshire Afro-Caribbean organisations and individualsâ usage of their historical and developed cultural currencies in obtaining greater ethno-racial pride will be illuminated in this article
Design dis-integration Silent, Partial, and Disparate Design
Michael Porterâs frameworks for analysing and planning competitive differentiation (Porter 1980, 1985) are established âtextbookâ tools, widely taught to business students today. As the claim of designâs strategic importance is increasingly heard, we ask where does design fit in established strategy thinking?
This paper documents a proposed conceptual model based on Porterâs value chain model for strategic planning. The concept outlined is the result of the first stage of a larger study of designâs potential role at strategic level and the difficulties faced by organisations in exploiting design strategically. This exploratory phase comprised a review of literature on design management and models of strategy, followed by nineteen interviews with senior design professionals. These then informed a novel revision of the value chain diagram reflecting the strategic role of design, and the identification of three key phenomena concerning design integration (silent design, partial design and disparate design). These phenomena are also represented in modified versions of the value chain.
This overall project follows a research approach based on the design research method and on procedural action research, and aims to develop a tool or method to help organisations increase design integration. This project is ongoing, and the results will be published separately.
Keywords:
Strategic; value chain; silent; partial; disparate; integrated</p
Despair, Liberation, and Everyday Life: Two Bundle Views of Personal Identity
This paper, intended for general readership, discusses the real-life effects that personal identity theory either has had or has apparently failed to have upon two philosophers: David Hume and Derek Parfit. Both arrive at similar and quite radical beliefs about personal identity. And both have documented the difficulty of sustaining these beliefs in their day-to-day lives. For those considering embarking upon philosophical study â whether formally or not â this last point may seem discouraging, reinforcing a picture of a discipline that even on the admission of its own practitioners has little impact on everyday life or concerns. I explore these two philosophersâ views on personal identity in some detail, and outline the conflicts which they claim to exist between their philosophical and non-philosophical thinking. I will go on to propose that these conflicts do not in fact reinforce an opposition between everyday life and philosophy
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