195 research outputs found

    Piezoelectric Nanowire toward Harvesting Energy from In-Vivo Environment

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    This paper discusses technologies used to harvest energies from in-vivo environment. The discussion mainly concentrated on  nanogenerators based on Piezoelectric nanowires which are employed for converting biomechanical energy (such as muscle stretching), vibration energy (such as heart rate sound, sound waves) and  biohydraulic energy (such as blood flow, contraction of blood vessel) into electric energy. At the end this paper studies an approach for harvesting biomechanical and biochemical energies from living organisms simultaneously. This system, by using aligned nanowire arrays, can power medical nanosystems and nanodevices through converting vibration, biomechanical and biohydrulic energies into electricity. On the other hand by using biofuel cell structure, this hybrid cell can convert biochemical (glucose/O2) energy in biofluid into electricity. This technology can provide adequate power required for feeding nanodevices and nanosystems or at least to indirectly charge battery of the device. This technology can provide a sound basis for designing wireless self-powered nanodevices with direct energy harvesting from in-vivo environment

    Piezoelectric Nanogenerators for Self-Powered Nanodevices

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    ©2008 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or distribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE. This material is presented to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work. Copyright and all rights therein are retained by authors or by other copyright holders. All persons copying this information are expected to adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author's copyright. In most cases, these works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder.Although nanodevices fabricated using nanomaterials such as nanotubes or nanowires offer low power consumption, powering them can still be challenging. Adding a battery could sufficiently increase their size to inhibit their application. Developing miniature power packages and self-powering methods will be key to their use in a variety of applications, including those for wireless sensing; in-vivo, real-time, and implantable biological devices; environmental monitoring; and personal electronics. Consequently, researchers are developing innovative nanotechnologies to convert various forms of energy (such as solar energy) into electric energy for low-power nanodevices. In our own work, we’ve used piezoelectric zinc-oxide nanowire (ZnO NW) arrays to demonstrate a novel approach for converting nanoscale mechanical energy into electric energy. Here, we review the fundamental principle behind the nanogenerator, present an approach for improving its performance, and discuss some of the challenges we face in pushing this technology to reach its potential

    Joint energy harvesting and communication analysis for perpetual wireless nanosensor networks in the terahertz band

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    Abstract—Wireless nanosensor networks (WNSNs) consist of nanosized communicating devices, which can detect and measure new types of events at the nanoscale. WNSNs are the enabling technology for unique applications such as intrabody drug delivery systems or surveillance networks for chemical attack prevention. One of the major bottlenecks in WNSNs is posed by the very limited energy that can be stored in a nanosensor mote in contrast to the energy that is required by the device to communicate. Recently, novel energy harvesting mechanisms have been proposed to replenish the energy stored in nanodevices. With these mechanisms, WNSNs can overcome their energy bottleneck and even have infinite lifetime (perpetual WNSNs), provided that the energy harvesting and consumption processes are jointly designed. In this paper, an energy model for self-powered nanosensor motes is developed, which successfully captures the correlation between the energy harvestin

    Piezoelectric/Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Biomedical Applications

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    Bodily movements can be used to harvest electrical energy via nanogenerators and thereby enable self-powered healthcare devices. In this chapter, first we summarize the requirements of nanogenerators for the applications in biomedical fields. Then, the current applications of nanogenerators in the biomedical field are introduced, including self-powered sensors for monitoring body activities; pacemakers; cochlear implants; stimulators for cells, tissues, and the brain; and degradable electronics. Remaining challenges to be solved in this field and future development directions are then discussed, such as increasing output performance, further miniaturization, encapsulation, and improving stability. Finally, future outlooks for nanogenerators in healthcare electronics are reviewed

    Novel piezoelectric paper based on SbSI nanowires

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    A novel piezoelectric paper based on antimony sulfoiodide (SbSI) nanowires is reported. The composite of tough sonochemically produced SbSI nanowires (with lateral dimensions 10–100 nm and length up to several micrometers) with very flexible cellulose leads to applicable, elastic material suitable to use in fabrication of, for example, piezoelectric nanogenerators. For mechanical energy harvesting, cellulose/SbSI nanocomposite may be used. Due to its high values of electromechanical coefficient (k33 = 0.9) and piezoelectric coefficient (d33 = 1 9 10-9 C/N), SbSI is a very attractive material for such devices. The preliminary investigations of a simple cellulose/SbSI nanogenerator for shock pressure (p = 3 MPa) and sound excitation (f = 175 Hz, Lp = 90 dB) allowed to determine its open circuit voltage 2.5 V and 24 mV, respectively. For a load resistance equal to source impedance (ZS = 2.90(11) MX), maximum output power density (PL = 41.5 nW/cm3 for 0.05-mm-thick sheet of this composite) of the cellulose/SbSI nanogenerator was observed. Cellulose/SbSI piezoelectric paper may also be useful to construct gas nanosensors and actuators

    Piezo-phototronic Effect Enhanced Photodetector Based on MAPbI3 Perovskite

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    Recent research on hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites has greatly advanced the fields of photovoltaics, photodetection, and light emission. The emergence of piezotronics and piezo-phototronics has led to tremendous high-performance devices that are based on piezoelectric materials. Although many previous research studies were centered around single crystal hybrid perovskites, polycrystalline materials are easier to fabricate, such as by using a solution-process, and have many other advantages, e.g. low cost, low environmental requirements, and high conversion efficiency. So far, there are very few reports of piezotronically modulated polycrystalline perovskite devices. Here, a novel piezo-phototronic effect enhanced photodetector based on MAPbI3 polycrystalline perovskite is designed, fabricated, and subsequently characterized. With polycrystalline materials, it is seen that the device performances can be significantly enhanced using the piezo-phototronic effect. Moreover, the polycrystalline perovskite introduces unprecedented potential to fine tune the devices from weak to strong piezoelectric performance. Our study explores the possibility of using polycrystalline perovskites to create high performance strain-controlled piezo-phototronic devices, which will have promising applications in the internet of things, multifunctional micro/nanoelectromechanical devices and sensor networks

    Potential distribution in deformed ZnO nanowires

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    AbstractThe potential distribution in a deformed ZnO nanowire relies upon its piezoelectric and semiconductive properties. Here we systematically investigate the influence of different parameters on the equilibrium potential distribution. In particular we calculate the electric potential distribution when thermodynamic equilibrium among free charge carriers is achieved for nanowires under different doping concentrations (n or p type), different applied forces, and different geometric configurations. We show that doping concentration is the parameter that mostly affects the magnitude and distribution of the piezoelectric potential

    Large-scale Lateral Nanowire Arrays Nanogenerators

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    In a method of making a generating device, a plurality of spaced apart elongated seed members are deposited onto a surface of a flexible non-conductive substrate. An elongated conductive layer is applied to a top surface and a first side of each seed member, thereby leaving an exposed second side opposite the first side. A plurality of elongated piezoelectric nanostructures is grown laterally from the second side of each seed layer. A second conductive material is deposited onto the substrate adjacent each elongated first conductive layer so as to be coupled the distal end of each of the plurality of elongated piezoelectric nanostructures. The second conductive material is selected so as to form a Schottky barrier between the second conductive material and the distal end of each of the plurality of elongated piezoelectric nanostructures and so as to form an electrical contact with the first conductive layer.Georgia Tech Research Corporatio
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