30,975 research outputs found
The Medical Cosmology of Halakha: The Expert, the Physician, and the Sick Person on Shabbat in the Shulchan Aruch
One of the best-known principles of halakha is that Shabbat is violated to save a life. Who does this saving and how do we know that a life is in danger? What categories of illness violate Shabbat and who decides? A historical-sociological analysis of the roles played by Jew, non-Jew, and physician according to the approach of âmedical cosmologyâ can help us understand the differences in the approach of the Shulchan Aruch compared to later decisors (e.g., the Mishnah Berurah). Such differences illuminate how premodern medical triage coexisted with a different halakhic understanding than that of the biomedical age
BIOTEX-biosensing textiles for personalised healthcare management.
Textile-based sensors offer an unobtrusive method of continually monitoring physiological parameters during daily activities. Chemical analysis of body fluids, noninvasively, is a novel and exciting area of personalized wearable healthcare systems. BIOTEX was an EU-funded project that aimed to develop textile sensors to measure physiological parameters and the chemical composition of body fluids, with a particular interest in sweat. A wearable sensing system has been developed that integrates a textile-based fluid handling system for sample collection and transport with a number of sensors including sodium, conductivity, and pH sensors. Sensors for sweat rate, ECG, respiration, and blood oxygenation were also developed. For the first time, it has been possible to monitor a number of physiological parameters together with sweat composition in real time. This has been carried out via a network of wearable sensors distributed around the body of a subject user. This has huge implications for the field of sports and human performance and opens a whole new field of research in the clinical setting
Is China Systematically Buying Up Key Technologies? Chinese M & A transactions in Germany in the context of âMade in China 2025â. Bertelsmann Stiftung GED Study 2018
âMade in China 2025â (MIC 2025) is the Chinese central
governmentâs main industrial policy strategy aimed at
turning China into the global leader of the fourth industrial
revolution. Chinese M & A transactions abroad explicitly
belong to the instruments for implementing MIC 2025.
Germany is an attractive location for Chinese M & A transactions
and offers tailor-made know-how for MIC 2025 due
to its large number of âhidden championsâ, i. e. technological
world market leaders in highly specialized niches.
64 percent or 112 of the 175 analyzed Chinese M & A transactions
with a share of at least ten percent in German companies
between 2014 and 2017 percent can be assigned to
one of the ten key sectors in which China aims to assume
global technology leadership with the help of MIC 2025.
On the one hand, there is a clear focus on the MIC 2025
sectors of âenergy-saving and new-energy vehiclesâ,
âelectrical equipmentâ and âhigh-end numerical control
machinery and roboticsâ â i. e. sectors in which Germany
can in part demonstrate significant competitive technological
advantages. Even before the introduction of MIC 2025
in 2015, however, these sectors were already a focus of
interest for Chinese investors in Germany.
On the other hand, key sectors that played little or no
role for Chinese M & A transactions in Germany have also
become increasingly important since the introduction of
MIC 2025. This is particularly evident in the MIC 2025
sector of âbiomedicine and high-performance medical
devicesâ.
The majority of the 112 Chinese M & A transactions (just
under 60 percent) that are relevant for MIC 2025 are distributed
across only three German states: Baden-WĂŒrttemberg
(26), North Rhine-Westphalia (22) and Bavaria (18)
â the very regions in which the majority of the German
âhidden championsâ are located.
State-owned investors make up 18 percent of the Chinese
M & A transactions examined, and are therefore a minority.
However, taking into account only the M & A transactions
that can be assigned to the MIC 2025 sectors, their share
rises to around 22 percent â a possible indication of state
stakeholdersâ greater interest in acquiring know-how
abroad for the implementation of MIC 2025.
However, the formal type of ownership of Chinese companies
does not show the full picture of potential state influence
due to the complex interplay between the state and
companies in China. Therefore, the great challenge for Germany
consists in the forms of state influence that are not
or only insufficiently reflected in the majority ownership
type of Chinese investors
A Comparison of U. S. and European University-Industry Relations in the Life Sciences
We draw on diverse data sets to compare the institutional organization of upstream life science research across the United States and Europe. Understanding cross-national differences in the organization of innovative labor in the life sciences requires attention to the structure and evolution of biomedical networks involving public research organizations (universities, government laboratories, nonprofit research institutes, and research hospitals), science-based biotechnology firms, and multinational pharmaceutical corporations. We use network visualization methods and correspondence analyses to demonstrate that innovative research in biomedicine has its origins in regional clusters in the United States and in European nations. But the scientific and organizational composition of these regions varies in consequential ways. In the United States, public research organizations and small firms conduct R&D across multiple therapeutic areas and stages of the development process. Ties within and across these regions link small firms and diverse public institutions, contributing to the development of a robust national network. In contrast, the European story is one of regional specialization with a less diverse group of public research organizations working in a smaller number of therapeutic areas. European institutes develop local connections to small firms working on similar scientific problems, while cross-national linkages of European regional clusters typically involve large pharmaceutical corporations. We show that the roles of large and small firms differ in the United States and Europe, arguing that the greater heterogeneity of the U. S. system is based on much closer integration of basic science and clinical development
Nanoparticles of transition metals oxides with application potential
Tato prĂĄce se zabĂœvĂĄ nejvĂce pouĆŸĂvanĂœmi metodami pĆĂpravy a fyzikĂĄlnĂmi vlastnostmi nanoÄĂĄstic pĆechodnĂœch kovĆŻ. FyzikĂĄlnĂ vlastnosti nanoÄĂĄstic mohou bĂœt kontrolovĂĄny pomocĂ velikosti a tvaru ÄĂĄstic. Na velikost ÄĂĄstic majĂ vliv podmĂnky pĆĂpravy. ZabĂœvali jsme se pĆedevĆĄĂm sol-gelovou metodou, ko-precipitacĂ a mikroemulzĂ a provedli jsme shrnutĂ fyzikĂĄlnĂch vlastnostĂ ZrO2, TiO2, CoFe2O4, kterĂ© jsou dĆŻleĆŸitĂœm aspektem pro jejich moĆŸnĂ© budoucĂ vyuĆŸitĂ. Vzorky nanoÄĂĄstic kobaltovĂœch ferritĆŻ zapoudĆenĂœch v SiO2 matrici, kterĂ© byly pĆipraveny pomocĂ modifikovanĂ© sol-gelovĂ© metody, byly charakterizovĂĄny pomocĂ rentgenovĂ© difrakce a ICP-OES. Byla urÄena velikost ÄĂĄstic, kterĂĄ byla porovnĂĄna s finĂĄlnĂ ĆŸĂhacĂ teplotou.We present summary of the most used preparation methods and physical properties of transition metal-based nanoparticles. The physical properties of the nanoparticles can be controlled by particle shape and size that can be affected by conditions of preparation. We mainly described the sol-gel method, co-precipitation and microemulsions method. We summarized physical properties of ZrO2, TiO2 and CoFe2O4 with respect to their possible application. A series of the cobalt ferrite nanoparticles embedded in silica matrix, obtained by modified sol-gel route, was characterized using X-ray diffraction and ICP-OES. We determined the particle diameter and compared them to the final annealing temperature.Ăstav aplikovanĂ© matematiky a fyzikyDokonÄenĂĄ prĂĄce s ĂșspÄĆĄnou obhajobo
Searching Data: A Review of Observational Data Retrieval Practices in Selected Disciplines
A cross-disciplinary examination of the user behaviours involved in seeking
and evaluating data is surprisingly absent from the research data discussion.
This review explores the data retrieval literature to identify commonalities in
how users search for and evaluate observational research data. Two analytical
frameworks rooted in information retrieval and science technology studies are
used to identify key similarities in practices as a first step toward
developing a model describing data retrieval
Analytic Metaphysics versus Naturalized Metaphysics: The Relevance of Applied Ontology
The relevance of analytic metaphysics has come under criticism: Ladyman & Ross, for instance, have suggested do discontinue the field. French & McKenzie have argued in defense of analytic metaphysics that it develops tools that could turn out to be useful for philosophy of physics. In this article, we show first that this heuristic defense of metaphysics can be extended to the scientific field of applied ontology, which uses constructs from analytic metaphysics. Second, we elaborate on a parallel by French & McKenzie between mathematics and metaphysics to show that the whole field of analytic metaphysics, being useful not only for philosophy but also for science, should continue to exist as a largely autonomous field
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