PAPR Analysis in OFDM-IQ-IM Systems

One of the key disadvantages of OFDM system, implemented already in 4G and 5G is high PAPR. For this reason, it is very important to evaluate the PAPR performance of any potential multiplexing technique candidate for upcoming generations. Due to the superior performance over OFDM considering BER performance, spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, OFDM-IQ-IM is one of the promising multiplexing techniques for upcoming generations of wireless technology. Therefore, the PAPR performance of OFDM-IQ-IM system has been analysed here. In deterministic approach, subcarriers are considered to be modulated by symbols with highest power and the upper limit of the PAPR of OFDM-IQ-IM system has been formulated. Using statistical distribution, a probabilistic approach has been taken to determine the PAPR performance of the OFDM-IQ-IM and OFDM-IM systems. The distribution of PAPR of OFDM-IQ-IM and OFDM-IM systems has been evaluated considering the discrete time baseband signals for both in-phase and quadrature components as independent Gaussian random variables. A comparative analysis of the PAPR of OFDM, OFDM-IM and OFDM-IQ-IM systems has been made in both deterministic and probabilistic approach. Thus improved PAPR performance has been noticed in OFDM-IQ-IM system compared to OFDM-IM and OFDM systems for same spectral efficiency

A Necessary Condition for Waveforms with Better PAPR than OFDM

International audienceThis paper establishes a necessary condition that must be satisfied by the modulation waveforms of any generalized waveforms for multicarrier (GWMC) system with better peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) than conventional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). GWMC systems include in particular all classical multicarrier modulation systems. As a consequence, we show that OFDM has the best PAPR performance over all GWMC systems that do not satisfy this necessary condition. We also identify an infinite family of GWMC systems with the same PAPR performance as OFDM. To illustrate our results, we present simulations of the PAPR behaviour for different GWMC systems, including some with better PAPR performance than OFDM

Spectrum Optimisation in Wireless Communication Systems: Technology Evaluation, System Design and Practical Implementation

Two key technology enablers for next generation networks are examined in this thesis, namely Cognitive Radio (CR) and Spectrally Efficient Frequency Division Multiplexing (SEFDM). The first part proposes the use of traffic prediction in CR systems to improve the Quality of Service (QoS) for CR users. A framework is presented which allows CR users to capture a frequency slot in an idle licensed channel occupied by primary users. This is achieved by using CR to sense and select target spectrum bands combined with traffic prediction to determine the optimum channel-sensing order. The latter part of this thesis considers the design, practical implementation and performance evaluation of SEFDM. The key challenge that arises in SEFDM is the self-created interference which complicates the design of receiver architectures. Previous work has focused on the development of sophisticated detection algorithms, however, these suffer from an impractical computational complexity. Consequently, the aim of this work is two-fold; first, to reduce the complexity of existing algorithms to make them better-suited for application in the real world; second, to develop hardware prototypes to assess the feasibility of employing SEFDM in practical systems. The impact of oversampling and fixed-point effects on the performance of SEFDM is initially determined, followed by the design and implementation of linear detection techniques using Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). The performance of these FPGA based linear receivers is evaluated in terms of throughput, resource utilisation and Bit Error Rate (BER). Finally, variants of the Sphere Decoding (SD) algorithm are investigated to ameliorate the error performance of SEFDM systems with targeted reduction in complexity. The Fixed SD (FSD) algorithm is implemented on a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) to measure its computational complexity. Modified sorting and decomposition strategies are then applied to this FSD algorithm offering trade-offs between execution speed and BER

Waveform Advancements and Synchronization Techniques for Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing

To enable a new level of connectivity among machines as well as between people and machines, future wireless applications will demand higher requirements on data rates, response time, and reliability from the communication system. This will lead to a different system design, comprising a wide range of deployment scenarios. One important aspect is the evolution of physical layer (PHY), specifically the waveform modulation. The novel generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) technique is a prominent proposal for a flexible block filtered multicarrier modulation. This thesis introduces an advanced GFDM concept that enables the emulation of other prominent waveform candidates in scenarios where they perform best. Hence, a unique modulation framework is presented that is capable of addressing a wide range of scenarios and to upgrade the PHY for 5G networks. In particular, for a subset of system parameters of the modulation framework, the problem of symbol time offset (STO) and carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation is investigated and synchronization approaches, which can operate in burst and continuous transmissions, are designed. The first part of this work presents the modulation principles of prominent 5G candidate waveforms and then focuses on the GFDM basic and advanced attributes. The GFDM concept is extended towards the use of OQAM, introducing the novel frequency-shift OQAM-GFDM, and a new low complexity model based on signal processing carried out in the time domain. A new prototype filter proposal highlights the benefits obtained in terms of a reduced out-of-band (OOB) radiation and more attractive hardware implementation cost. With proper parameterization of the advanced GFDM, the achieved gains are applicable to other filtered OFDM waveforms. In the second part, a search approach for estimating STO and CFO in GFDM is evaluated. A self-interference metric is proposed to quantify the effective SNR penalty caused by the residual time and frequency misalignment or intrinsic inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-carrier interference (ICI) for arbitrary pulse shape design in GFDM. In particular, the ICI can be used as a non-data aided approach for frequency estimation. Then, GFDM training sequences, defined either as an isolated preamble or embedded as a midamble or pseudo-circular pre/post-amble, are designed. Simulations show better OOB emission and good estimation results, either comparable or superior, to state-of-the-art OFDM system in wireless channels

An Investigation of Orthogonal Wavelet Division Multiplexing Techniques as an Alternative to Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex Transmissions and Comparison of Wavelet Families and Their Children

Recently, issues surrounding wireless communications have risen to prominence because of the increase in the popularity of wireless applications. Bandwidth problems, and the difficulty of modulating signals across carriers, represent significant challenges. Every modulation scheme used to date has had limitations, and the use of the Discrete Fourier Transform in OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex) is no exception. The restriction on further development of OFDM lies primarily within the type of transform it uses in the heart of its system, Fourier transform. OFDM suffers from sensitivity to Peak to Average Power Ratio, carrier frequency offset and wasting some bandwidth to guard successive OFDM symbols. The discovery of the wavelet transform has opened up a number of potential applications from image compression to watermarking and encryption. Very recently, work has been done to investigate the potential of using wavelet transforms within the communication space. This research will further investigate a recently proposed, innovative, modulation technique, Orthogonal Wavelet Division Multiplex, which utilises the wavelet transform opening a new avenue for an alternative modulation scheme with some interesting potential characteristics. Wavelet transform has many families and each of those families has children which each differ in filter length. This research consider comprehensively investigates the new modulation scheme, and proposes multi-level dynamic sub-banding as a tool to adapt variable signal bandwidths. Furthermore, all compactly supported wavelet families and their associated children of those families are investigated and evaluated against each other and compared with OFDM. The linear computational complexity of wavelet transform is less than the logarithmic complexity of Fourier in OFDM. The more important complexity is the operational complexity which is cost effectiveness, such as the time response of the system, the memory consumption and the number of iterative operations required for data processing. Those complexities are investigated for all available compactly supported wavelet families and their children and compared with OFDM. The evaluation reveals which wavelet families perform more effectively than OFDM, and for each wavelet family identifies which family children perform the best. Based on these results, it is concluded that the wavelet modulation scheme has some interesting advantages over OFDM, such as lower complexity and bandwidth conservation of up to 25%, due to the elimination of guard intervals and dynamic bandwidth allocation, which result in better cost effectiveness

PAPR Reduction Solutions for 5G and Beyond

The latest fifth generation (5G) wireless technology provides improved communication quality compared to earlier generations. The 5G New Radio (NR), specified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), addresses the modern requirements of the wireless networks and targets improved communication quality in terms of for example peak data rates, latency and reliability. On the other hand, there are still various crucial issues that impact the implementation and energy-efficiency of 5G NR networks and their different deployments. The power-efficiency of transmitter power amplifiers (PAs) is one of these issues. The PA is an important unit of a communication system, which is responsible from amplifying the transmit signal towards the antenna. Reaching high PA power-efficiency is known to be difficult when the transmit waveform has a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). The cyclic prefix (CP)-orthogonal frequencydivision multiplexing (OFDM) that is the main physical-layer waveform of 5G NR, suffers from such high PAPR challenge. There are generally many PAPR reduction methods proposed in the literature, however, many of these have either very notable computational complexity or impose substantial inband distortion. Moreover, 5G NR has new features that require redesigning the PAPR reduction methods. In line with these, the first contribution of this thesis is the novel frequencyselective PAPR reduction concept, where clipping noise is shaped in a frequencyselective manner over the active passband. This concept is in line with the 5G NR, where aggressive frequency-domain multiplexing is considered as an important feature. Utilizing the frequency-selective PAPR reduction enables the realization of the heterogeneous resource utilization within one passband. The second contribution of this thesis is the frequency-selective single-numerology (SN) and mixed-numerology (MN) PAPR reduction methods. The 5G NR targets utilizing different physical resource blocks (PRBs) and bandwidth parts (BWPs) within one passband flexibly. Yet, existing PAPR reduction methods do not exploit these features. Based on this, novel algorithms utilizing PRB and BWP level control of clipping noise are designed to meet error vector magnitude (EVM) limits of the modulations while reducing the PAPR. TheMNallocation has one critical challenge as inter numerology interference (INI) emerges after aggregation of subband signals. Proposed MN PAPR reduction algorithm overcomes this issue by cancelling INI within the PAPR reduction loop, which has not been considered earlier. The third contribution of this thesis is the proposal of two novel non-iterative PAPR reduction methods. First method utilizes the fast-convolution filteredOFDM (FC-F-OFDM) that has excellent spectral containment, and combines it with clipping. Moreover, clipping noise is also allocated to guard bands by filter passband extension (FPE) and clipping noise in out-of-band (OOB) regions is essentially filtered through FC filtering. The second method is the guard-tone reservation (GTR) which is applied to discrete Fourier transform-spread-OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM). Uniquely, GTR estimates the time domain peaks in data symbol domain before inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT), and uses guard band tones for PAPR reduction. The fourth contribution of the thesis is the design of two novel machine learning (ML) algorithms that improve the drawbacks of frequency-selective PAPRreduction. The first ML algorithm, PAPRer, models the nonlinear relation between the PAPR target and the realized PAPR value. Then, it auto-tunes the optimal PAPR target and this way minimizes the realized PAPR. The second ML algorithm, one-shot clipping-and-filtering (OSCF), solves the complexity problem of iterative clipping and filtering (ICF)-like methods by generating proper approximated clipping noise signal after running only one iteration, leading to very efficient PAPR reduction. Finally, an over-arching contribution of this thesis is the experimental validation of the performance benefits of the proposed methods by considering realistic 5GNR uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) testbeds that include realistic PAs and associated hardware. It is very important to confirm the practical benefits of the proposed methods and, this is realized with the conducted experimental work

An enhanced multicarrier modulation system for mobile communications

PhD ThesisThe recent revolution in mobile communications and the increased demand on more efficient transmission systems influence the research to enhance and invent new modulation techniques. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OFDM/OQAM) is one of the multicarrier modulations techniques that overcomes some of the weaknesses of the conventional OFDM in term of bandwidth and power efficiencies. This thesis presents a novel multicarrier modulation scheme with improved performance in mobile communications context. Initially, the theoretical principles behind OFDM and OFDM/OQAM are discussed and the advantages of OFDM/OQAM over OFDM are highlighted. The time-frequency localization of pulse shapes is examined over different types of pulses. The effect of the localization and the pulse choice on OFDM/OQAM performance is demonstrated. The first contribution is introducing a new variant of multicarrier modulation system based on the integration of the Walsh-Hadamard transform with the OFDM/OQAM modulator. The full analytical transmission model of the system is derived over flat fading and frequency selective channels. Next, because of the critical requirement of low implementation complexity in mobile systems, a new fast algorithm transform is developed to reduce the implementation complexity of the system. The introduced fast algorithm has demonstrated a remarkable 60 percent decrease in the hardware requirement compared to the cascaded configuration. Although, the problem of high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) is one of the main drawbacks that associated with most multicarrier modulation techniques, the new system achieved lower values compared to the conventional systems. Subsequently, three new algorithms to reduce PAPR named Walsh overlapped selective mapping (WOSLM) for a high PAPR reduction, simplified selective mapping (SSLM) for a very low implementation complexity and Walsh partial transmit sequence (WPTS), are developed. Finally, in order to assess the reliability of the presented system in this thesis at imperfect environments, the performance of the system is investigated in the presence of high power amplifier, channel estimation errors, and carrier frequency offset (CFO). Two channel estimations algorithms named enhanced pair of pilots (EPOP) and averaged enhanced pair of pilots (AEPOP), and one CFO estimator technique called frequency domain (FD) CFO estimator, are suggested to provide reliable performance.Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MOHSR) of Ira

Study on Air Interface Variants and their Harmonization for Beyond 5G Systems

[ES] La estandarización de la Quinta Generación de redes móviles o 5G, ha concluido este año 2020. No obstante, en el año 2014 cuando la ITU empezó el proceso de estandarización IMT-2020, una de las principales interrogantes era cuál sería la forma de onda sobre la cual se construiría la capa física de esta nueva generación de tecnologías. El 3GPP se comprometió a entregar una tecnología candidata al proceso IMT-2020, y es así como dentro de este proceso de deliberación se presentaron varias formas de onda candidatas, las cuales fueron evaluadas en varios aspectos hasta que en el año 2016 el 3GPP tomó una decisión, continuar con CP-OFDM (utilizada en 4G) con numerología flexible. Una vez decidida la forma de onda, el proceso de estandarización continuó afinando la estructura de la trama, y todos los aspectos intrínsecos de la misma. Esta tesis acompañó y participó de todo este proceso. Para empezar, en esta disertación se evaluaron las principales formas de onda candidatas al 5G. Es así que se realizó un análisis teórico de cada forma de onda, destacando sus fortalezas y debilidades, tanto a nivel de implementación como de rendimiento. Posteriormente, se llevó a cabo una implementación real en una plataforma Software Defined Radio de tres de las formas de onda más prometedoras (CP-OFDM, UFMC y OQAM-FBMC), lo que permitió evaluar su rendimiento en términos de la tasa de error por bit, así como la complejidad de su implementación. Esta tesis ha propuesto también el uso de una solución armonizada como forma de onda para el 5G y sostiene que sigue siendo una opción viable para sistemas beyond 5G. Dado que ninguna de las forma de onda candidatas era capaz de cumplir por sí misma con todos los requisitos del 5G, en lugar de elegir una única forma de onda se propuso construir un transceptor que fuese capaz de construir todas las principales formas de onda candidatas (CP-OFDM, P-OFDM, UFMC, QAM-FBMC, OQAM-FBMC). Esto se consiguió identificando los bloques comunes entre las formas de onda, para luego integrarlos junto con el resto de bloques indispensables para cada forma de onda. La motivación para esta solución era tener una capa física que fuese capaz de cumplir con todos los aspectos del 5G, seleccionando siempre la mejor forma de onda según el escenario. Esta propuesta fue evaluada en términos de complejidad, y los resultados se compararon con la complejidad de cada forma de onda. La decisión de continuar con CP-OFDM con numerología flexible como forma de onda para el 5G se puede considerar también como una solución armonizada, ya que al cambiar el prefijo cíclico y el número de subportadoras, cambian también las prestaciones del sistema. En esta tesis se evaluaron todas las numerologías propuestas por el 3GPP sobre cada uno de los modelos de canal descritos para el 5G (y considerados válidos para sistemas beyond 5G), teniendo en cuenta factores como la movilidad de los equipos de usuario y la frecuencia de operación; para esto se utilizó un simulador de capa física del 3GPP, al que se hicieron las debidas adaptaciones con el fin de evaluar el rendimiento de las numerologías en términos de la tasa de error por bloque. Finalmente, se presenta un bosquejo de lo que podría llegar a ser la Sexta Generación de redes móviles o 6G, con el objetivo de entender las nuevas aplicaciones que podrían ser utilizadas en un futuro, así como sus necesidades. Completado el estudio llevado a cabo en esta tesis, se puede afirmar que como se propuso desde un principio la solución, tanto para el 5G como para beyond 5G, la solución es la armonización de las formas de onda. De los resultados obtenidos se puede corroborar que una solución armonizada permite alcanzar un ahorro computacional entre el 25-40% para el transmisor y del 15-25% para el receptor. Además, fue posible identificar qué numerología CP-OFDM es la más adecuada para cada escenario, lo que permitiría optimizar el diseño y despliegue de las redes 5G. Esto abriría la puerta a hacer lo mismo con el 6G, ya que en esta tesis se considera que será necesario abrir nuevamente el debate sobre cuál es la forma de onda adecuada para esta nueva generación de tecnologías, y se plantea que el camino a seguir es optar por una solución armonizada con distintas formas de onda, en lugar de solo una como sucede con el 5G.[CA] L'estandardització de la Quinta Generació de xarxes mòbils o 5G, ha conclòs enguany 2020. No obstant això, l'any 2014 quan la ITU va començar el procés d'estandardització IMT-2020, uns dels principals interrogants era quina seria la forma d'onda sobre la qual es construiria la capa física d'esta nova generació de tecnologies. El 3GPP es va comprometre a entregar una tecnologia candidata al procés IMT-2020, i és així com dins d'este procés de deliberació es van presentar diverses formes d'onda candidates, les quals van ser avaluades en diversos aspectes fins que l'any 2016 el 3GPP va prendre una decisió, continuar amb CP-OFDM (utilitzada en 4G) amb numerología flexible. Una vegada decidida la forma d'onda, el procés d'estandardització va continuar afinant la frame structure (no se m'ocorre nom en espanyol), i tots els aspectes intrínsecs de la mateixa. Esta tesi va acompanyar i va participar de tot este procés. Per a començar, en esta dissertació es van avaluar les principals formes d'onda candidates al 5G. És així que es va realitzar una anàlisi teòrica de cada forma d'onda, destacant les seues fortaleses i debilitats, tant a nivell d'implementació com de rendiment. Posteriorment, es va dur a terme una implementació real en una plataforma Software Defined Radio de tres de les formes d'onda més prometedores (CP-OFDM, UFMC i OQAM-FBMC), la qual cosa va permetre avaluar el seu rendiment en termes de la taxa d'error per bit, així com la complexitat de la seua implementació. Esta tesi ha proposat també l'ús d'una solució harmonitzada com a forma d'onda per al 5G i sosté que continua sent una opció viable per a sistemes beyond 5G. Atés que cap de les forma d'onda candidates era capaç de complir per si mateixa amb tots els requeriments del 5G, en compte de triar una única forma d'onda es va proposar construir un transceptor que fóra capaç de construir totes les principals formes d'onda candidates (CP-OFDM, P-OFDM, UFMC, QAM-FBMC, OQAM-FBMC). Açò es va aconseguir identificant els blocs comuns entre les formes d'onda, per a després integrar-los junt amb la resta de blocs indispensables per a cada forma d'onda. La motivació per a esta solució era tindre una capa física que fóra capaç de complir amb tots els aspectes del 5G, seleccionant sempre la millor forma d'onda segons l'escenari. Esta proposta va ser avaluada en termes de complexitat, i els resultats es van comparar amb la complexitat de cada forma d'onda. La decisió de continuar amb CP-OFDM amb numerología flexible com a forma d'onda per al 5G es pot considerar també com una solució harmonitzada, ja que al canviar el prefix cíclic i el número de subportadores, canvien també les prestacions del sistema. En esta tesi es van avaluar totes les numerologías propostes pel 3GPP sobre cada un dels models de canal descrits per al 5G (i considerats vàlids per a sistemes beyond 5G), tenint en compte factors com la mobilitat dels equips d'usuari i la freqüència d'operació; per a açò es va utilitzar un simulador de capa física del 3GPP, a què es van fer les degudes adaptacions a fi d'avaluar el rendiment de les numerologías en termes de la taxa d'error per bloc. Finalment, es presenta un esbós del que podria arribar a ser la Sexta Generació de xarxes mòbils o 6G, amb l'objectiu d'entendre les noves aplicacions que podrien ser utilitzades en un futur, així com les seues necessitats. Completat l'estudi dut a terme en esta tesi, es pot afirmar que com es va proposar des d'un principi la solució, tant per al 5G com per a beyond 5G, la solució és l'harmonització de les formes d'onda. dels resultats obtinguts es pot corroborar que una solució harmonitzada permet aconseguir un estalvi computacional entre el 25-40% per al transmissor i del 15-25% per al receptor. A més, va ser possible identificar què numerología CP-OFDM és la més adequada per a cada escenari, la qual cosa permetria optimitzar el disseny i desplegament de les xarxes 5G. Açò obriria la porta a fer el mateix amb el 6G, ja que en esta tesi es considera que serà necessari obrir novament el debat sobre quina és la forma d’onda adequada per a esta nova generació de tecnologies, i es planteja que el camí que s’ha de seguir és optar per una solució harmonitzada amb distintes formes d’onda, en compte de només una com succeïx amb el 5G.[EN] The standardization of the Fifth Generation of mobile networks or 5G is still ongoing, although the first releases of the standard were completed two years ago and several 5G networks are up and running in several countries around the globe. However, in 2014 when the ITU began the IMT-2020 standardization process, one of the main questions was which would be the waveform to be used on the physical layer of this new generation of technologies. The 3GPP committed to submit a candidate technology to the IMT-2020 process, and that is how within this deliberation process several candidate waveforms were presented. After a thorough evaluation regarding several aspects, in 2016 the 3GPP decided to continue with CP-OFDM (used in 4G) but including, as a novelty, the use of a flexible numerology. Once the waveform was decided, the standardization process continued to fine-tune the frame structure and all the intrinsic aspects of it. This thesis accompanied and participated in this entire process. To begin with, this dissertation evaluates the main 5G candidate waveforms. Therefore, a theoretical analysis of each waveform is carried out, highlighting its strengths and weaknesses, both at the implementation and performance levels. Subsequently, a real implementation on a Software Defined Radio platform of three of the most promising waveforms (CP-OFDM, UFMC, and OQAM-FBMC) is presented, which allows evaluating their performance in terms of bit error rate, as well as the complexity of its implementation. This thesis also proposes the use of a harmonized solution as a waveform for 5G and argues that it remains a viable option for systems beyond 5G. Since none of the candidate waveforms was capable of meeting on its own with all the requirements for 5G, instead of choosing a single waveform, this thesis proposes to build a transceiver capable of building all the main waveforms candidates (CP-OFDM, P-OFDM, UFMC, QAM-FBMC, OQAM-FBMC). This is achieved by identifying the common blocks between the waveforms and then integrating them with the rest of the essential blocks for each waveform. The motivation for this solution is to have a physical layer that is capable of complying with all aspects of beyond 5G technologies, always selecting the best waveform according to the scenario. This proposal is evaluated in terms of complexity, and the results are compared with the complexity of each waveform. The decision to continue with CP-OFDM with flexible numerology as a waveform for 5G can also be considered as a harmonized solution, since changing the cyclic prefix and the number of subcarriers, changes also the performance of the system. In this thesis, all the numerologies proposed by the 3GPP are evaluated on each of the channel models described for 5G (and considered valid for beyond 5G systems), taking into account factors such as the mobility of the user equipment and the operating frequency. For this, a 3GPP physical layer simulator is used, and proper adaptations are made in order to evaluate the performance of the numerologies in terms of the block error rate. Finally, a sketch of what could become the Sixth Generation of mobile networks or 6G is presented, with the aim of understanding the new applications that could be used in the future, as well as their needs. After the completion of the study carried out in this thesis, it can be said that, as stated from the beginning, for both 5G and beyond 5G systems, the solution is the waveform harmonization. From the results obtained, it can be corroborated that a harmonized solution allows achieving computational savings between 25-40% for the transmitter and 15-25% for the receiver. In addition, it is possible to identify which CP-OFDM numerology is the most appropriate for each scenario, which would allow optimizing the design and deployment of 5G networks. This would open the door to doing the same with 6G, i.e., a harmonized solution with different waveforms, instead of just one as in 5G.Flores De Valgas Torres, FJ. (2020). Study on Air Interface Variants and their Harmonization for Beyond 5G Systems [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/164442TESI

Synchronization algorithms and architectures for wireless OFDM systems

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a multicarrier modulation technique that has become a viable method for wireless communication systems due to the high spectral efficiency, immunity to multipath distortion, and being flexible to integrate with other techniques. However, the high-peak-to-average power ratio and sensitivity to synchronization errors are the major drawbacks for OFDM systems. The algorithms and architectures for symbol timing and frequency synchronization have been addressed in this thesis because of their critical requirements in the development and implementation of wireless OFDM systems. For the frequency synchronization, two efficient carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation methods based on the power and phase difference measurements between the subcarriers in consecutive OFDM symbols have been presented and the power difference measurement technique is mapped onto reconfigurable hardware architecture. The performance of the considered CFO estimators is investigated in the presence of timing uncertainty conditions. The power difference measurements approach is further investigated for timing synchronization in OFDM systems with constant modulus constellation. A new symbol timing estimator has been proposed by measuring the power difference either between adjacent subcarriers or the same subcarrier in consecutive OFDM symbols. The proposed timing metric has been realized in feedforward and feedback configurations, and different implementation strategies have been considered to enhance the performance and reduce the complexity. Recently, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication systems have received considerable attention. Therefore, the proposed algorithms have also been extended for timing recovery and frequency synchronization in MIMO-OFDM systems. Unlike other techniques, the proposed timing and frequency synchronization architectures are totally blind in the sense that they do not require any information about the transmitted data, the channel state or the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR). The proposed frequency synchronization architecture has low complexity because it can be implemented efficiently using the three points parameter estimation approach. The simulation results confirmed that the proposed algorithms provide accurate estimates for the synchronization parameters using a short observation window. In addition, the proposed synchronization techniques have demonstrated robust performance over frequency selective fading channels that significantly outperform other well-established methods which will in turn benefit the overall OFDM system performance. Furthermore, an architectural exploration for mapping the proposed frequency synchronization algorithm, in particular the CFO estimation based on the power difference measurements, on reconfigurable computing architecture has been investigated. The proposed reconfigurable parallel and multiplexed-stream architectures with different implementation alternatives have been simulated, verified and compared for field programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation using the Xilinx’s DSP design flow.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceMinistry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MOHSR) of IraqGBUnited Kingdo