ISOLASI, KARAKTERISASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN SENYAWA PIPERIN DARI EKSTRAK METANOL BUAH CABE JAWA (Piper retrofractum) ASAL JAWA BARAT

Cabe jawa (Piper retrofractum) adalah tanaman obat yang berasal dari Indonesia dan memiliki aktivitas afrodisiak. Salah satu metabolit sekunder yang terkandung dalam cabe jawa yaitu piperin telah berhasil diisolasi dari ekstrak metanol buah cabe jawa. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dari senyawa piperin hasil isolasi juga telah dilakukan. Proses isolasi piperin dilakukan dengan metode yang umum dilakukan, meliputi ekstraksi dan berbagai teknik kromatografi yaitu kromatografi vakum cair (KVC), kromatografi radial dan analisis kemurnian dengan menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT). Konfirmasi lebih jauh terhadap kemurnian dan struktur senyawa hasil isolasi dilakukan dengan metode spektroskopi yaitu spektroskopi IR (Infra Red) dan 1H NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), sedangkan aktivitas antioksidan diuji dengan metode DPPH. Berdasarkan proses isolasi yang telah dilakukan terhadap 18,24 gram ekstrak metanol buah cabe jawa diperoleh senyawa piperin yang berupa serbuk berwarna kuning sebanyak 27,90 mg dengan titik leleh 1220C-1260C. Analisa spektroskopi dengan menggunakan IR menunjukkan puncak-puncak serapan yang khas untuk senyawa piperin yaitu pada bilangan gelombang 1251,29 cm-1 (C-N); 2854,08-2923,68 cm-1 (C-H sp3); 1610,12-1718,12 cm-1 (C=O); dan 1503,09- 1489,76 cm-1 (C=C). Sedangkan data NMR menunjukkan adanya beberapa sinyal yaitu 3 sinyal H yang terikat pada daerah alifatik dengan δH 1,57 (4H), 1,64 (2H) dan 3,56 (4H) ppm serta H yang terikat pada C yang terikat pada heteroatom dengan δH 5,94 ppm. Selain itu terdapat 7 sinyal pada daerah alkena dan aromatik dengan δH 6,42 (1H), 7,37 (1H), 6,74 (1H), 6,73 (1H), 6,50 (1H), 6,76 (1H) dan 6,96 (1H) ppm. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan terhadap senyawa piperin hasil isolasi menunjukkan bahwa senyawa ini memiliki nilai IC50 sebesar 4095 ppm. Berdasarkan data tersebut, piperin hasil isolasi memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang lemah. Cabe Jawa (Piper retrofractum) is a medicinal plant originating from Indonesia and has aphrodisiac activity. One of the secondary metabolites contained in Cabe Jawa, piperine, has been isolated from methanol extract of Cabe Jawa. Antioxidant activity assay of piperine that has been isolated, has also been carried out. The piperine isolation process was carried out using common methods, including extraction and various chromatographic techniques, such as liquid vacuum chromatography (KVC), radial chromatography and purity analysis using thin layer chromatography (TLC). Further confirmation of the purity and structure of the isolated compounds was carried out using spectroscopic methods, namely IR (Infra Red) and 1H NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy, while the antioxidant activity was tested by DPPH method. Based on the isolation process that has been carried out on 18,24 grams of methanol extract, Javanese chilli fruit obtained piperine compound in the form of yellow powder as much as 27,90 mg with a melting point of 1220C-1260C. Spectroscopic analysis using IR shows absorption peaks that are typical for piperine compounds, namely at wave number 1251,29 cm-1 (C-N); 2854,08-2923,68 cm-1 (C-H sp3); 1610,12-1718,12 cm-1 (C=O); and 1503,09-1489,76 cm-1 (C=C). Furthermore, the NMR data shows the presence of several signals, 3 signals of hidrogen that are bound to the aliphatic region with δH 1,57 (4H), 1,64 (2H) and 3,56 (4H) ppm and signal of hidogren which is bound to C which is bound to heteroatoms with δH 5,94 ppm. In addition there are 7 signals in alkene and aromatic regions with δH 6,42 (1H), 7,37 (1H), 6,74 (1H), 6,73 (1H), 6,50 (1H), 6,76 (1H) and 6,96 (1H) ppm. Antioxidant activity assay of isolated piperine shows that piperine has an IC50 value of 4095 ppm. Based on these data, isolated piperine has weak antioxidant activity

Betelvine (Piper betle L.): A comprehensive insight into its ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacological, biomedical and therapeutic attributes

Piper betle L. (synonym: Piper betel Blanco), or betel vine, an economically and medicinally important cash crop, belongs to the family Piperaceae, often known as the green gold. The plant can be found all over the world and is cultivatedprimarily in South East Asian countries for its beautiful glossy heart-shaped leaves, which are chewed or consumed as betelquidand widely used in Chinese and Indian folk medicine, as carminative, stimulant,astringent, against parasitic worms, conjunctivitis, rheumatism, wound, etc., andis also used for religious purposes. Hydroxychavicol is the most important bioactive compound among the wide range of phytoconstituents found in essential oil and extracts. The pharmacological attributes of P. betle are antiproliferation, anticancer, neuropharmacological, analgesic, antioxidant, antiulcerogenic, hepatoprotective, antifertility, antibacterial, antifungal and many more. Immense attention has been paid to nanoformulations and their applications. The application of P. betle did not show cytotoxicity in preclinical experiments, suggesting that it could serve as a promising therapeutic candidate for different diseases. The present review comprehensively summarizes the botanical description, geographical distribution, economic value and cultivation, ethnobotanical uses, preclinical pharmacological properties with insights of toxicological, clinical efficacy, and safety of P. betle. The findings suggest that P. betle represents an orally active and safe natural agent that exhibits great therapeutic potential for managing various human medical conditions. However, further research is needed to elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms of action, clinical aspects, structure–activity relationships, bioavailability and synergistic interactions with other drugs.This research was funded by projects APOGEO (Cooperation Program INTERREG-MAC 2014–2020, with European Funds for Regional Development-FEDER, ‘Agencia Canaria de Investigación, Innovación y Sociedad de la Información (ACIISI) del Gobierno de Canarias’ (project ProID2020010134), and CajaCanarias (project 2019SP43).Peer reviewe

Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants Used by the Tenggerese Society in Java Island of Indonesia

The archipelagic country of Indonesia is inhabited by 300 ethnic groups, including the indigenous people of Tengger. Based on the reported list of medicinal plants used by the Tengger community, we have reviewed each of them for their phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities. Out of a total of 41 medicinal plants used by the Tengerrese people, 33 species were studied for their phytochemical and pharmacological properties. More than 554 phytochemicals with diverse molecular structures belonging to different chemical classes including flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and volatiles were identified from these studied 34 medicinal plants. Many of these medicinal plants and their compounds have been tested for various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, wound healing, headache, antimalarial and hypertension. Five popularly used medicinal plants by the healers were Garcinia mangostana, Apium graveolens, Cayratia clematidea, Drymocallis arguta and Elaeocarpus longifolius. Only A. graviolens were previously studied, with the outcomes supporting the pharmacological claims to treat hypertension. Few unexplored medicinal plants are Physalis lagascae, Piper amplum, Rosa tomentosa and Tagetes tenuifolia, and they present great potential for biodiscovery and drug lead identification