Machine translation for Chinese medical literature.

Li Hoi-Ying.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-120).Abstract --- p.iAcknowledgement --- p.iiiChapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1Chapter 2 --- Background --- p.8Chapter 2.1 --- Strategies in Machine Translation Systems --- p.9Chapter 2.1.1 --- Direct MT Strategy --- p.10Chapter 2.1.2 --- Transfer MT strategy --- p.11Chapter 2.1.3 --- Interlingua MT Strategy --- p.13Chapter 2.1.4 --- AI Approach --- p.15Chapter 2.1.5 --- Statistical Approach --- p.15Chapter 2.2 --- Grammars --- p.16Chapter 2.3 --- Sublanguages --- p.19Chapter 2.4 --- Human Interaction --- p.21Chapter 2.5 --- Evaluation for Performance --- p.23Chapter 2.6 --- Machine Translation between Chinese and English --- p.25Chapter 2.7 --- Problems and Issues in MTCML --- p.29Chapter 2.7.1 --- Linguistic Characteristics of the Corpus --- p.29Chapter 2.7.2 --- Strategies for problems in MTCML --- p.31Chapter 3 --- Segmentation --- p.34Chapter 3.1 --- Strategies for Segmentation --- p.34Chapter 3.2 --- Segmentation algorithm in MTCML --- p.36Chapter 4 --- Tagging --- p.40Chapter 4.1 --- Objective --- p.40Chapter 4.2 --- Approach --- p.41Chapter 4.2.1 --- Category and Sub-category --- p.41Chapter 4.2.2 --- Tools --- p.45Chapter 5 --- Analysis --- p.48Chapter 5.1 --- Linguistic Study of the Corpus --- p.48Chapter 5.1.1 --- Imperative Sentences --- p.49Chapter 5.1.2 --- Elliptical Sentences --- p.50Chapter 5.1.3 --- Inverted Sentences --- p.52Chapter 5.1.4 --- Voice and Tense --- p.53Chapter 5.1.5 --- Vocabulary --- p.54Chapter 5.2 --- Pattern Extraction --- p.54Chapter 5.3 --- Pattern Reduction --- p.56Chapter 5.3.1 --- Case Study --- p.56Chapter 5.3.2 --- Syntactic Rules --- p.61Chapter 5.4 --- Disambiguation --- p.62Chapter 5.4.1 --- Category Ambiguity --- p.63Chapter 5.4.2 --- Structural Ambiguity --- p.65Chapter 6 --- Transfer --- p.68Chapter 6.1 --- Principle of Transfer --- p.68Chapter 6.2 --- Extraction of Templates --- p.71Chapter 6.2.1 --- Similarity Comparison --- p.72Chapter 6.2.2 --- Algorithm --- p.74Chapter 6.3 --- Classification of Templates --- p.76Chapter 6.3.1 --- Classification --- p.76Chapter 6.3.2 --- A Class-based Filter --- p.79Chapter 6.4 --- Transfer Rule-base --- p.80Chapter 6.4.1 --- Transfer Rules --- p.81Chapter 6.4.2 --- Rule Matching --- p.84Chapter 6.5 --- Chapter Summary --- p.85Chapter 7 --- Generation --- p.87Chapter 7.1 --- Sentence Generation --- p.87Chapter 7.2 --- Disambiguation of Homographs --- p.90Chapter 7.3 --- Sentence Polishing --- p.91Chapter 8 --- System Implementation --- p.95Chapter 8.1 --- Corpus --- p.95Chapter 8.2 --- Dictionaries and Lexicons --- p.97Chapter 8.3 --- Reduction Rules --- p.100Chapter 8.4 --- Transfer Rules --- p.102Chapter 8.5 --- Efficiency of the System --- p.104Chapter 8.6 --- Case Study --- p.105Chapter 8.6.1 --- Sample Result and Assessment --- p.105Chapter 8.6.2 --- Results of Segmentation and Tagging --- p.107Chapter 8.6.3 --- Results of Analysis --- p.108Chapter 8.6.4 --- Results of Transfer --- p.110Chapter 8.6.5 --- Results of Generation --- p.110Chapter 9 --- Conclusion --- p.112Bibliography --- p.117Chapter A --- Programmer's Guide --- p.121Chapter B --- Translation Instances --- p.12

Manual de Ciencias da Linguaxe

Este Manual de Ciencias da Linguaxe é o resultado dun proxecto entusiasta: publicar en galego un texto comprehensivo sobre a linguaxe. A diversidade temática tratada polos respectivos especialistas ó longo de quince capítulos (desde a orixe da linguaxe na especie humana ou a zoosemiótica ata a fonética e fonoloxía, pasando pola psicolingüística ou a antropoloxía lingüística) favorece unha visión plural dos fenómenos lingüísticos, de tal xeito que este libro pode ser do interese do conxunto dos profesionais da linguaxe, sexa cal sexa o seu labor concreto, pero constitúese, sobre todo, como un excelente material de traballo para alumnos e profesores das universidades galegas. Manual de Ciencias da Linguaxe inclúe unha serie complexa de materiais, con vistas a facilitar a súa explotación didáctica: cada un dos quince capítulos posúe unha batería de exercicios prácticos, un listado de lecturas comentadas e mais unha bibliografía especializada. Inclúese tamén unha ampla bibliografía introductoria nas pá - xinas iniciais: manuais de lingüística xeral, diccionarios, enciclopedias, selección de revistas, etc. Na parte final do libro, o lector atopará un extenso glosario, índices analíticos, de autores e de linguas. Os autores pretenden que este volume estimule a reflexión e o debate entre tódolos estudiosos da lingua e a lingüística galegas e contribúa a un aínda maior desenvolvemento dunha disciplina que asiste a unha particular expansión nos últimos tempos. Porque o seu enriquecemento e a ampliación das súas miras han redundar tamén na expansión e dinamización da propia lingua galega.https://dc.uwm.edu/spa_por_facbooks/1006/thumbnail.jp