4,148 research outputs found
Enterprise Architecture in Healthcare and Underlying Institutional Logics: a Systematic Literature Review of IS Research
This paper reports on a systematic literature review of empirical studies in the information systems literature focusing on Enterprise Architecture (EA) in healthcare. 30 papers were selected for extended analysis. We utilized institutional logics as a theoretical lens and focused on the logics of IT professionalism, medical professionalism and managerialism. According to this lens, we identified three foci of interests. In addition, we utilized the institutional level as an analytical dimension. The logics of IT professionals and the purpose of organizational implications of EA were dominating. Generally, there is a need for more in-depth understanding for all logics, however, the logics of managerialism and medical professionalism need particularly more attention. Moreover, there is a need for more empirical research to understand how institutional logics for similar professions may differ across institutions. Finally, few studies on EA apply theoretical lenses, and EA research is immature in sense of theoretical contributions
A Review of the Open Educational Resources (OER) Movement: Achievements, Challenges, and New Opportunities
Examines the state of the foundation's efforts to improve educational opportunities worldwide through universal access to and use of high-quality academic content
Achieving Coordination Through Dynamic Construction of Open Workflows
Workflow middleware executes tasks orchestrated by rules defined in a carefully handcrafted static graph. Workflow management systems have proved effective for service-oriented business automation in stable, wired infrastructures. We introduce a radically new paradigm for workflow construction and execution called open workflow to support goal-directed coordination among physically mobile people and devices that form a transient community over an ad hoc wireless network. The quintessential feature of the open workflow paradigm is dynamic construction of custom, context-specific workflows in response to unpredictable and evolving circumstances by exploiting the knowledge and services available within a given spatiotemporal context. This paper introduces the open workflow approach, surveys open research challenges in this promising new field, and presents algorithmic, architectural, and evaluation results for the first practical realization of an open workflow management system
An exploratory survey of factors affecting satisfaction with educational experiences for parents of children with Cystic Fibrosis
Consumer satisfaction has been studied extensively as it relates to service seeking behavior, positive perceptions of services rendered, and measurable benefit as a result of service delivery. Furthermore, numerous studies have explored the importance of a strong, collaborative home-school partnership for student success. Additionally, previous research has identified children with chronic illnesses as a special population frequently requiring individualized accommodations and modifications to promote success in the educational environment, and therefore testing the limits of the educational system to adequately meet their needs. Finally, research has described the common sequelae of Cystic Fibrosis, including wide-ranging physical, behavioral, and functional consequences. However, these various contributing factors have not yet been synthesized to inspect their impact on parent satisfaction with educational experiences for children with Cystic Fibrosis. The proposed study aims to characterize the demographics of parents of children with CF, describe their responses to questions regarding various aspects of satisfaction, and determine the predictive value of the survey questions for measuring parent satisfaction
The Beginnings and Prospective Ending of “End-to-End”: An Evolutionary Perspective On the Internet’s Architecture
The technology of “the Internet” is not static. Although its “end-to- end” architecture has made this “connection-less” communications system readily “extensible,” and highly encouraging to innovation both in hardware and software applications, there are strong pressures for engineering changes. Some of these are wanted to support novel transport services (e.g. voice telephony, real-time video); others would address drawbacks that appeared with opening of the Internet to public and commercial traffic - e.g., the difficulties of blocking delivery of offensive content, suppressing malicious actions (e.g. “denial of service” attacks), pricing bandwidth usage to reduce congestion. The expected gains from making “improvements” in the core of the network should be weighed against the loss of the social and economic benefits that derive from the “end-to-end” architectural design. Even where technological “fixes” can be placed at the networks’ edges, the option remains to search for alternative, institutional mechanisms of governing conduct in cyberspace.
Supporting Collaboration in Mobile Environments
Continued rapid improvements in the hardware capabilities of mobile computing devices is driving a parallel need for a paradigm shift in software design for such devices with the aim of ushering in new classes of software applications for devices of the future. One such class of software application is collaborative applications that seem to reduce the burden and overhead of collaborations on human users by providing automated computational support for the more mundane and mechanical aspects of a cooperative effort. This dissertation addresses the research and software engineering questions associated with building a workflow-based collaboration system that can operate across mobile ad hoc networks, the most dynamic type of mobile networks that can function without dependence on any fixed external resources. While workflow management systems have been implemented for stable wired networks, the transition to a mobile network required the development of a knowledge management system for improving the predictability of the network topology, a mobility-aware specification language to specify workflows, and its accompanying algorithms that help automate key pieces of the software. In addition to details of the formulation, design, and implementation of the various algorithms and software components. this dissertation also describes the construction of a custom mobile workflow simulator that can be used to conduct simulation experiments that verify the effectiveness of the approaches presented in this document and beyond. Also presented are empirical results obtained using this simulator that show the effectiveness of the described approaches
Achieving Coordination Through Dynamic Construction of Open Workflows ** PLEASE SEE WUCSE-2009-14 **
Workflows, widely used on the Internet today, typically consist of a graph-like structure that defines the orchestration rules for executing a set of tasks, each of which is matched at run-rime to a corresponding service. The graph is static, specialized directories enable the discovery of services, and the wired infrastructure supports routing of results among tasks. In this paper we introduce a radically new paradigm for workflow construction and execution called open workflow. It is motivated by the growing reliance on wireless ad hoc networks in settings such as emergency response, field hospitals, and military operations. Open workflows facilitate goal-directed coordination among physically mobile agents (people and host devices) that form a transient community over an ad hoc wireless network. The quintessential feature of the open workflow paradigm is the ability to construct a custom context-specific workflow specification on the fly in response to unpredictable and evolving circumstances by exploiting the knowhow and services available within a given spatiotemporal context. This paper introduces the open workflow approach and explores the technical challenges (algorithms and architecture) associated with its first practical realization
A Design Rationale for Pervasive Computing - User Experience, Contextual Change, and Technical Requirements
The vision of pervasive computing promises a shift from information
technology per se to what can be accomplished by using it, thereby
fundamentally changing the relationship between people and information
technology. In order to realize this vision, a large number of issues
concerning user experience, contextual change, and technical
requirements should be addressed. We provide a design rationale for
pervasive computing that encompasses these issues, in which we argue
that a prominent aspect of user experience is to provide user control,
primarily founded in human values. As one of the more significant
aspects of the user experience, we provide an extended discussion about
privacy. With contextual change, we address the fundamental change in
previously established relationships between the practices of
individuals, social institutions, and physical environments that
pervasive computing entails. Finally, issues of technical requirements
refer to technology neutrality and openness--factors that we argue are
fundamental for realizing pervasive computing.
We describe a number of empirical and technical studies, the results of
which have helped to verify aspects of the design rationale as well as
shaping new aspects of it. The empirical studies include an
ethnographic-inspired study focusing on information technology support
for everyday activities, a study based on structured interviews
concerning relationships between contexts of use and everyday planning
activities, and a focus group study of laypeople’s interpretations of
the concept of privacy in relation to information technology. The first
technical study concerns the model of personal service environments as a
means for addressing a number of challenges concerning user experience,
contextual change, and technical requirements. Two other technical
studies relate to a model for device-independent service development and
the wearable server as a means to address issues of continuous usage
experience and technology neutrality respectively
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