Art Education as a Tool of Feminist Resistance in Iran ( 1979-2022 )

Art Education as a Tool of Feminist Resistance in Iran is a thesis that explores the use of art education as a form of resistance against patriarchy and gender inequality in Iran. Iran\u27s historical and cultural background is examined in this study, along with the effects of the Islamic Revolution and the place of women in society. I interviewed Iranian female artists, art educators, and activists using an ethnographic research methodology to learn about their perspectives on using art education as a form of resistance. This research explores the various ways that art education can be a tool of resistance, including encouraging critical thinking, the development of alternative narratives, and promoting a sense of community and solidarity. It also makes the case that art education can give women a voice and a platform to question gender norms and expectations in a culture that frequently tries to silence them. The thesis highlights the challenges Iranian female artists and educators face in their efforts to use art education as a tool of resistance. These challenges include censorship, lack of funding and resources, and threats. Despite these challenges, the study emphasizes the resilience and determination of Iranian women in their pursuit of gender equality and social justice. It also highlights the critical role that art education can play in promoting gender equality and challenging patriarchal structures and offers insights and recommendations for future research and policy interventions to support and empower Iranian women

Factors affecting the underutilisation of qualified Saudi women in the Saudi private sector

This study sets out to analyse the reality of Saudi women's employment in the private sector. There are significant numbers of unemployed qualified Saudi women and the latest Saudi Government Development Plan (2000-2004) expects the private sector to provide the majority of jobs. The starting point is the question; is the high level of unemployed qualified Saudi women due to the educational system, the attitudes of women to employment, the attitudes of managers to employing women or the attitudes of society in general. Saudi Arabia is an Islamic country by nature and by law and so the research has to develop within the framework of Islamic thinking on the employment of women using Iran as a benchmark. Empirical evidence has been collected from Saudi business managers, qualified women employees in the private sector, unemployed qualified women and certain authorities. This revealed agreement between the various groups over the importance of most factors. The attitude of society was not seen as a problem in that society had a positive view of women in employment. The attitudes of unemployed women were very similar to those of employed women in the sample. This suggests that unemployed women are not unemployed due to their negative attitudes to employment. In fact they were more concerned about the lack of access to job market information. Women in the sample were not concerned about remuneration since they were financially secure within the family, but did want more part-time jobs, more childcare and in particular transport arrangements to allow them to go further from home to where the jobs are without infringing Islamic Sharia'a. Saudi respondents were more critical of the education system than those in Iran this is not surprising given the higher proportions of women in Iran in the educational system. The Saudi respondents all commented on the need for more breadth of studies, more depth of studies and more applicability of women's skills to employment needs. The study recommends that changes are needed in all these factors and using Iran as a benchmark suggests that improvement is possible without major changes. The study suggests further research concentrating on the concept of nontraditional jobs for women in more regions in Saudi Arabia

Family planning programmes and population growth in post-revolutionary Iran.

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN026377 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Explaining women's employment under the Islamic state in Iran. Women, work and Islamism; ideology and resistance.

This study examines women's employment in Iran between 1979-1997, analysing the changing position of the Islamic state in reaction to economic circumstances and women's responses. In making this assessment the interaction between economic circumstances, the institutionalisation of gender inequality and also the responses of women are examined. This study demonstrates that economic forces and women's struggle for change undermined the Islamic state's gender relations. The Islamisation of state and society which followed the 1979 revolution involved an attempt by the Islamic state to seclude women within the home in accordance with the state's gender and employment policy and practices. The power of the state to transform gender relations, however, was constrained by the Iran - Iraq war, as the survival of many families depended on women's earnings. The end of the war with Iraq and the return of men to the workforce did not result in women's return to the home. Economic reconstruction and inflation increased women's participation in the workforce. This study demonstrates that in 1997, women's participation in the labour force, despite a rigid sexual division of labour imposed ideologically by the Islamic state is no less than it was in pre-1979. However, the state continued to strengthen patriarchal relationships within the home, employment and wider society, thus maintaining that women's participation in the workforce is by nature temporary and that ultimately a woman's place is in the home. Women of different classes and with different levels of religiosity responded to the economic circumstances and the state's gender ideology. Their participation in the political movements and their active role in the economy has raised gender consciousness. The result is an alliance between religious and secular women in urban areas who have demanded reforms and forced the Islamic state to return to the position of the reforms of pre-1979 in relation to women and the family, and women's education and employment

An analysis of social and cultural changes in rural Iran, with special reference to the impact of cultural factors on educational change

The world was shocked by the Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1979 because it was unexpected and out of keeping with the deposed Shah's attempts at secular modernisation. This thesis attempts to make sociological sense of the implications of the Revolution for education in Iran in terms of ideological influences. The research reported in this thesis attempts to discover the nature of the social and cultural changes that occurred following the 1979 Revolution. Adapting Max Weber's interpretative approach, it focuses on the changing patterns of shared meanings and social relations in schools in one area of North West Iran. Taking a deliberately one-sided approach to educational change, this thesis isolates the impact of Islamic ideology on schools in the area where ethnographic fieldwork was conducted in 1995-96. Interviews, participant observation in schools, questionnaires and analysis of official documents were the chosen methods of research. The aim was to discover how Islamic ideology has been promulgated and how it has affected the day-to-day social relations of school teachers, pupils and administrators as well as their relations with parents and local authority officials. The main findings not only confirm the pervasiveness of Islamic ideology in Iranian schools but also document its influence over matters such as curriculum design and delivery, the segregation of the sexes in schools, and the teachers' conditions of work and professional development. Nevertheless, there is also evidence that the stated aims of educational reform were not always achieved and that some changes were ironic. The findings also showed that the recent history of change in Iranian schools calls for a flexible understanding of such notions as modernity, tradition, patrimonialism, and bureaucracy. Iran has certainly tried to modernise its educational system since 1979 but it has done so in ways which challenge much of the received wisdom about modernisation processes

Strengthening livelihood resilience in upper catchments of dry areas by integrated natural resources management

The Livelihood Resilience project evolved around the hypothesis that better integrated management can improve the livelihoods of poor farming communities and increase the environmental integrity and water productivity of upstream watersheds in dry areas. This hypothesis was tested by researchers from different Iranian research and executive organizations and farming communities in two benchmark research watersheds in upper Karkheh River Basin in Iran, under the guidance of the ICARDA scientists. Participatory technology development, water, soil, erosion, land degradation and vegetation assessments, livelihood, gender and policy analyses, and integrated workshops delivered a set of principles for watershed management in dry areas

The effect of cultural factors on the education of Iranian Girls in elementary school

openI examine the impact of cultural factors on girl's education in Ira

Activity Index (AI) and extent of collaboration: a case study of rainwater harvesting literature with a scientometric overview

Rainwater harvesting research is being conducted in much wider perspectives from agriculture to using in house toilets. The study has assessed the research activity by different countries with the help of Activity Index (AI) and the collaboration and its impact. The SCOPUS publication records are made use of for the analysis of RWH research activities. The quality of the publications is analysed in terms of citations received to the papers and Spain has come on the top having 42 citations per paper. Cross-field relative activity in rainwater harvesting research is measured and it was interesting to note that among the leading countries conducting RWH research, a few developed countries are below world average of RWH activity. Out of the 141 countries which have at least one publication on RWH, 132 (94%) have at least one paper written in collaboration with other countries. US is the collaboration hub of many countries and the strength of collaboration of India, China, UK, Brazil is noteworthy. It was also found that there is a positive correlation between the collaboration strength and impact of papers. The results are relevant to know the relative of strength of different countries in RWH as well as boosting the collaboration among countries and researcher mobility

Global Symposium on Women in Fisheries

All over the world, women contribute in multiple ways to the production, processing, marketing and management of fish and other living aquatic resources. The first ever Global Symposium on Women in Fisheries, held in Kaohsiung, Taiwan on 29 November 2001 generated the present collection of papers on women in fisheries. The reader of this volume will find in it a wealth of information, albeit in a very heterogeneous form, that the authors have had to draw from many different sources. Some are primary research studies whereas most are historical reviews from first hand experience of the authors or derived from other written materials, often contained in reports of fisheries development projects, newspapers and source materials well outside the fish sectors.Women, Participation, Sustainability, Poverty, Fisheries, Development projects, Fishery technology