509 research outputs found

    Multidisciplinary perspectives on Artificial Intelligence and the law

    Get PDF
    This open access book presents an interdisciplinary, multi-authored, edited collection of chapters on Artificial Intelligence (‘AI’) and the Law. AI technology has come to play a central role in the modern data economy. Through a combination of increased computing power, the growing availability of data and the advancement of algorithms, AI has now become an umbrella term for some of the most transformational technological breakthroughs of this age. The importance of AI stems from both the opportunities that it offers and the challenges that it entails. While AI applications hold the promise of economic growth and efficiency gains, they also create significant risks and uncertainty. The potential and perils of AI have thus come to dominate modern discussions of technology and ethics – and although AI was initially allowed to largely develop without guidelines or rules, few would deny that the law is set to play a fundamental role in shaping the future of AI. As the debate over AI is far from over, the need for rigorous analysis has never been greater. This book thus brings together contributors from different fields and backgrounds to explore how the law might provide answers to some of the most pressing questions raised by AI. An outcome of the Católica Research Centre for the Future of Law and its interdisciplinary working group on Law and Artificial Intelligence, it includes contributions by leading scholars in the fields of technology, ethics and the law.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Disentangling and Operationalizing AI Fairness at LinkedIn

    Full text link
    Operationalizing AI fairness at LinkedIn's scale is challenging not only because there are multiple mutually incompatible definitions of fairness but also because determining what is fair depends on the specifics and context of the product where AI is deployed. Moreover, AI practitioners need clarity on what fairness expectations need to be addressed at the AI level. In this paper, we present the evolving AI fairness framework used at LinkedIn to address these three challenges. The framework disentangles AI fairness by separating out equal treatment and equitable product expectations. Rather than imposing a trade-off between these two commonly opposing interpretations of fairness, the framework provides clear guidelines for operationalizing equal AI treatment complemented with a product equity strategy. This paper focuses on the equal AI treatment component of LinkedIn's AI fairness framework, shares the principles that support it, and illustrates their application through a case study. We hope this paper will encourage other big tech companies to join us in sharing their approach to operationalizing AI fairness at scale, so that together we can keep advancing this constantly evolving field

    Regulating competition in the digital network industry: A proposal for progressive ecosystem regulation

    Get PDF
    The digital sector is a cornerstone of the modern economy, and regulating digital enterprises can be considered the new frontier for regulators and competition authorities. To capture and address the competitive dynamics of digital markets we need to rethink our (competition) laws and regulatory strategies. The thesis develops new approaches to regulating digital markets by viewing them as part of a network industry. By combining insights from our experiences with existing regulation in telecommunications with insights from economics literature and management theory, the thesis concludes by proposing a new regulatory framework called ‘progressive ecosystem regulation’. The thesis is divided in three parts and has three key findings or contributions. The first part explains why digital platforms such as Google’s search engine, Meta’s social media platforms and Amazon’s Marketplace are prone to monopolization. Here, the thesis develops a theory of ‘digital natural monopoly’, which explains why competition in digital platform markets is likely to lead to concentration by its very nature.The second part of the thesis puts forward that competition in digital markets persists, even if there is monopoly in a market. Here, the thesis develops a conceptual framework for competition between digital ecosystems, which consists of group of actors and products. Digital enterprises compete to carve out a part of the digital network industry where they can exert control, and their strong position in a platform market can be used offensively or defensively to steer competition between ecosystems. The thesis then sets out four phases of ecosystem competition, which helps to explain when competition in the digital network industry is healthy and when it is likely to become problematic.The third and final part of the thesis brings together these findings and draws lessons from our experiences of regulating the network industry for telecommunications. Based on the insights developed in the thesis it puts forward a proposal for ‘progressive ecosystem regulation’. The purpose of this regulation is to protect and empower entrants from large digital ecosystems so that they can develop new products and innovate disruptively. This regulatory framework would create three regulatory pools: a heavily regulated, lightly regulated and entrant pool. The layered regulatory framework allows regulators to adjust who receives protection under the regulation and who faces the burdens relatively quickly, so that the regulatory framework reflects the fast pace of innovation and changing nature of digital markets. With this proposal, the thesis challenges and enriches our existing notions on regulation and specifically how we should regulate digital markets

    Green Cities Artificial Intelligence

    Get PDF
    119 pagesIn an era defined by rapid urbanization, the effective planning and management of cities have become paramount to ensure sustainable development, efficient resource allocation, and enhanced quality of life for residents. Traditional methods of urban planning and management are grappling with the complexities and challenges presented by modern cities. Enter Artificial Intelligence (AI), a disruptive technology that holds immense potential to revolutionize the way cities are planned, designed, and operated. The primary aim of this report is to provide an in-depth exploration of the multifaceted role that Artificial Intelligence plays in modern city planning and management. Through a comprehensive analysis of key AI applications, case studies, challenges, and ethical considerations, the report aims to provide resources for urban planners, City staff, and elected officials responsible for community planning and development. These include a model City policy, draft informational public meeting format, AI software and applications, implementation actions, AI timeline, glossary, and research references. This report represents the cumulative efforts of many participants and is sponsored by the City of Salem and Sustainable City Year Program. The Green Cities AI project website is at: https://blogs.uoregon.edu/artificialintelligence/. As cities continue to evolve into complex ecosystems, the integration of Artificial Intelligence stands as a pivotal force in shaping their trajectories. Through this report, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of how AI is transforming the way cities are planned, operated, and experienced. By analyzing the tools, applications, and ethical considerations, we hope to equip policymakers, urban planners, and stakeholders with the insights needed to navigate the AI-driven urban landscape effectively and create cities that are not only smart but also sustainable, resilient, and regenerative.This year's SCYP partnership is possible in part due to support from U.S. Senators Ron Wyden and Jeff Merkley, as well as former Congressman Peter DeFazio, who secured federal funding for SCYP through Congressionally Directed Spending. With additional funding from the city of Salem, the partnerships will allow UO students and faculty to study and make recommendations on city-identified projects and issues

    MAINSTREAM MEDIA COVERAGE (UK) OF ESPORTS TOURNAMENT THE ‘EPREMIER LEAGUE’ FINALS 2019 AND 2021. A MIXED-METHODS STUDY.

    Get PDF
    This study investigates the factors limiting mainstream media coverage of esports in the UK, specifically focusing on EA Sports' FIFA Series. The research aims to assess the current landscape of esports journalism, mainstream media perception, familiarity with the term 'esports', content categorisation, coverage extent, live event viewership, and potential barriers and opportunities for increased exposure. Despite the growing academic interest in esports, there is a noticeable gap in research regarding mainstream media coverage of esports in UK newspaper and broadcast journalism and of esports journalism. This project's critical analysis therefore of esports journalism offers a timely and original contribution to understanding the relationship between mainstream UK media and the niche esports broadcast/ journalism sector, and the factors influencing the sector’s limited exposure. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this study combines quantitative and qualitative data collection methods such as surveys, content analysis, and interviews. Focusing on mainstream media coverage of esports, the research utilises Rogers' Diffusion of Innovation Theory (2003) and Tidd and Bessant’s 4Ps of Innovation Model (2021) to explore the potential for esports to become a sustainable sector in the UK's digital economy. The study concentrates on the UK tournament the 'ePremier League' 2019 and 2021 and its reception by UK mainstream media, examining the relationship between traditional and new media platforms. The findings reveal a lack of significant value for esports in UK mainstream media, distrust of mainstream media within the esports sector, and a discrepancy in the categorisation of esports content between mainstream and esports media. This study highlights the need for independent investigative reporting and improved understanding of the esports sector within mainstream media to foster its growth and acceptance. The results hold considerable significance for various stakeholders, including publishers, policymakers, and analysts. For instance, the National Union of Journalists and the British Association of Journalists will find the insights on current journalistic practices valuable. Educational organisations such as the National Training Council of Journalists will appreciate findings regarding the importance of professional training for journalists. Likewise, mainstream broadcasters and esports media, including SKY Sports and Gfinity, will be interested in findings related to live streaming and broadcasting live esports events

    Regulating competition in the digital network industry: A proposal for progressive ecosystem regulation

    Get PDF
    The digital sector is a cornerstone of the modern economy, and regulating digital enterprises can be considered the new frontier for regulators and competition authorities. To capture and address the competitive dynamics of digital markets we need to rethink our (competition) laws and regulatory strategies. The thesis develops new approaches to regulating digital markets by viewing them as part of a network industry. By combining insights from our experiences with existing regulation in telecommunications with insights from economics literature and management theory, the thesis concludes by proposing a new regulatory framework called ‘progressive ecosystem regulation’. The thesis is divided in three parts and has three key findings or contributions. The first part explains why digital platforms such as Google’s search engine, Meta’s social media platforms and Amazon’s Marketplace are prone to monopolization. Here, the thesis develops a theory of ‘digital natural monopoly’, which explains why competition in digital platform markets is likely to lead to concentration by its very nature.The second part of the thesis puts forward that competition in digital markets persists, even if there is monopoly in a market. Here, the thesis develops a conceptual framework for competition between digital ecosystems, which consists of group of actors and products. Digital enterprises compete to carve out a part of the digital network industry where they can exert control, and their strong position in a platform market can be used offensively or defensively to steer competition between ecosystems. The thesis then sets out four phases of ecosystem competition, which helps to explain when competition in the digital network industry is healthy and when it is likely to become problematic.The third and final part of the thesis brings together these findings and draws lessons from our experiences of regulating the network industry for telecommunications. Based on the insights developed in the thesis it puts forward a proposal for ‘progressive ecosystem regulation’. The purpose of this regulation is to protect and empower entrants from large digital ecosystems so that they can develop new products and innovate disruptively. This regulatory framework would create three regulatory pools: a heavily regulated, lightly regulated and entrant pool. The layered regulatory framework allows regulators to adjust who receives protection under the regulation and who faces the burdens relatively quickly, so that the regulatory framework reflects the fast pace of innovation and changing nature of digital markets. With this proposal, the thesis challenges and enriches our existing notions on regulation and specifically how we should regulate digital markets

    Reimagining political advocacy in the age of social media: insights from the Grassy Mountain Mine project

    Get PDF
    The emergence of social media platforms as a major communication technology has resulted in the reimagining of political advocacy and mobilization, as well as our position in relation to these tools. Through a case study of the recently terminated Grassy Mountain Mine project in Alberta, this work explores the tensions and complexities of environmental political participation in online and physical space, focusing on the use of Facebook as a tool for expressing political interests and enabling collective action. A mixed methods approach was taken to investigate this objective, including a scoping social media analysis of 484 posts made on public Facebook groups related to coal mining and in-depth participant interviews. Within this case study, motivations for political engagement via social media often stem from deep emotional ties to the physical space at the center of the movement. Additionally, this study provides evidence that the digital infrastructure of Facebook plays a role in how political participation is enacted online. This thesis contributes to existing knowledge on how humans navigate political participation and conceptualize space. It can also serve as a useful document for governing bodies seeking to effectively utilize online platforms for public engagement, such as consultations

    Adaptive Cybersecurity Training Framework for Social Media Risks

    Get PDF
    Social media has become embedded in our everyday lives, personal activities, and the workplace. Thus, educating users on emerging cybersecurity challenges for social media has become imperative. In this project, a systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted and a mix of approach analyses to derive a framework that identifies the activities involved in adapting cybersecurity training for social media risks. I collected answers from 641 Kuwaiti employees in various sectors: education, healthcare, leadership and management, arts, entertainment, the police, and military, and interviewed 25 people who serve as policymakers, cybersecurity trainers, and those who have experienced cybersecurity training before. The study found that a one-fits-all training approach is highly ineffective, as people’s understanding and knowledge can vary greatly. Features such as gender, age, educational level, job roles, and the trainees’ training preferences and perceptions are essential considerations for developing a robust training system. Additionally, the study found that job role and age constitute the main factors associated with social media cybersecurity risks. The findings reveal that employees working in the business and financial sectors are the riskiest group, as far as cybersecurity is concerned. Female employees are more vulnerable to cyberattacks than male employees, and the youngest employees are the most risk prone, employees with less than two years of experience, and those who are 55 years old or more, need more cybersecurity training, due to their lack of awareness on the subject. This work has led to formulate a risk equation that can assist policymakers and training providers in defining countermeasures against risks and prioritize the training for those who need it the most. The framework and its process were validated through several strategies involving 38 case studies, surveys, and interviews. The novel contribution of this research is the proposal of the framework, which is a high-level, holistic framework that can support and promote organizations in mitigating social media risks
    • …
    corecore