4,333 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
Recognition and reward system for peer-reviewers
Peer reviewing plays an important role in the academic publishing process that scrutinizes and provides feedback on the scientific work prior to publication. Peer-reviewers put their efforts in reviewing others research work voluntarily, without any expectations of incentives or rewards. The peer-review process has been criticized for its defects like slowness, bias and abuse of the process. In this paper, we present a model to address these issues by using the approach of recording peer-review data on the blockchain. By using the semantic web and linked data technologies, this system would be able to expose its data and interact with other systems. This system will be used to quantify, recognize and incentivize the peer-reviewing efforts by researchers
Human kin detection
Natural selection has favored the evolution of behaviors that benefit not only one's genes, but also their copies in genetically related individuals. These behaviors include optimal outbreeding (choosing a mate that is neither too closely related, nor too distant), nepotism (helping kin), and spite (hurting non-kin at a personal cost), and all require some form of kin detection or kin recognition. Yet, kinship cannot be assessed directly; human kin detection relies on heuristic cues that take into account individuals' context (whether they were reared by our mother, or grew up in our home, or were given birth by our spouse), appearance (whether they smell or look like us), and ability to arouse certain feelings (whether we feel emotionally close to them). The uncertainties of kin detection, along with its dependence on social information, create ample opportunities for the evolution of deception and self-deception. For example, babies carry no unequivocal stamp of their biological father, but across cultures they are passionately claimed to resemble their mother's spouse; to the same effect, neutral' observers are greatly influenced by belief in relatedness when judging resemblance between strangers. Still, paternity uncertainty profoundly shapes human relationships, reducing not only the investment contributed by paternal versus maternal kin, but also prosocial behavior between individuals who are related through one or more males rather than females alone. Because of its relevance to racial discrimination and political preferences, the evolutionary pressure to prefer kin to non-kin has a manifold influence on society at large
Recommended from our members
Guanxiâs consequences: Personal gains at social cost
Is guanxi ethical? This question is largely ignored in the existing literature. As guanxi has an impact on the wider public other than the guanxi parties, it must be studied in the context of all stakeholders. This paper examines the ethical dimension of guanxi by focusing on the consequences of guanxi in business, from ethically misgiving behaviour to outright corruption. Guanxi may brings benefits to individuals as well as the organisations they represent but these benefits are obtained at the expense of other individuals or firms and is thus detrimental to society. It can be argued that guanxi is an inevitable evil under the current political and socio-economic systems in China. Its role and importance in business life will be diminished as the country moves towards an open market system
The pros and cons of the use of altmetrics in research assessment
© 2020 The Authors. Published by Levi Library Press. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence.
The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisherâs website: http://doi.org/10.29024/sar.10Many indicators derived from the web have been proposed to supplement citation-based
indicators in support of research assessments. These indicators, often called altmetrics, are
available commercially from Altmetric.com and Elsevierâs Plum Analytics or can be collected
directly. These organisations can also deliver altmetrics to support institutional selfevaluations. The potential advantages of altmetrics for research evaluation are that they
may reflect important non-academic impacts and may appear before citations when an
article is published, thus providing earlier impact evidence. Their disadvantages often
include susceptibility to gaming, data sparsity, and difficulties translating the evidence into
specific types of impact. Despite these limitations, altmetrics have been widely adopted by
publishers, apparently to give authors, editors and readers insights into the level of interest
in recently published articles. This article summarises evidence for and against extending
the adoption of altmetrics to research evaluations. It argues that whilst systematicallygathered altmetrics are inappropriate for important formal research evaluations, they can
play a role in some other contexts. They can be informative when evaluating research units
that rarely produce journal articles, when seeking to identify evidence of novel types of
impact during institutional or other self-evaluations, and when selected by individuals or
groups to support narrative-based non-academic claims. In addition, Mendeley reader
counts are uniquely valuable as early (mainly) scholarly impact indicators to replace
citations when gaming is not possible and early impact evidence is needed. Organisations
using alternative indicators need recruit or develop in-house expertise to ensure that they
are not misused, however
The World is Flat: Modeling Educatorsâ Misconduct with Cellular Automata
Misconduct in education is a serious problem internationally. As the education sector grows, so does the scale of misconduct. The large bureaucratic apparatus, overregulation, outdated and unclear rules, and poor audit create opportunities for abuse. The blending of public sector, private firms, and personal interests of educators and education bureaucrats leads to collusion and evolvement of different forms of misconduct, especially widespread in large university systems and school districts. Corruption and other forms of misconduct may be modeled in large educational organizations with strong vertical and horizontal ties with the help of cellular automata. This paper offers a theoretical framework and a methodology based on cellular automata to study corruption in large educational organizations, including school districts and state university systems. The presented methodology is based on cellular automata. In the essence of cellular automata are different programming characteristics designed to predict future misconduct. Starting with different cases or combinations of behavior on the workplace and working environment as initial conditions, the process of cellular automation simulates behavior of educators and results in images that depict likely future developments in educatorsâ misconduct within educational and bureaucratic organizations. Applicability of the offered methodology and its value is in modeling, simulation, and control.cellular automata, corruption, education, methodology, misconduct, modeling
HOW TO INCREASE EMPLOYEEâS DISCIPLINARY IN FACULTY MEDICINE OF DIPONEGORO UNIVERSITY
Human Capital plays an important role in organization. It is the heart of the organization
strategy. Many factors embeded in it. Public Service employees as government human capital
instead of the contract employees. The quality of the Public Service Employee has recently
become a major issue. It is widely known that Public Service employee is lacking of
disciplin. The issue discuss most in Public service employeeâs disciplinary is absentheeism.
This study presents factors that influence the Public Service employeeâs disciplinary in
Faculty of Medicine of Diponegoro University.
This research purposes will support the decision â making process to increase the Faculty of
Medicine of Diponegoro University employeeâs disciplinary, this study proposing some
models analyzed by SEM. The study population is administration staffs in Faculty of
Medicine of Diponegoro University for both Public Service employees and contract
employees. The respondents are 120 employees whose given some questionaires related to
the study.
The result of the data analysis shows that the human capital is influenced by knowledge
sharing, empowerment and workplace environment. Whilst human capital influences
employeeâs disciplinary positively
Governance in health care delivery : raising performance
The impacts of health care investments in developing and transition countries are typically measured by inputs and general health outcomes. Missing from the health agenda are measures of performance that reflect whether health systems are meeting their objectives; public resources are being used appropriately; and the priorities of governments are being implemented. This paper suggests that good governance is central to raising performance in health care delivery. Crucial to high performance are standards, information, incentives and accountability. This paper provides a definition of good governance in health and a framework for thinking about governance issues as a way of improving performance in the health sector. Performance indicators that offer the potential for tracking relative health performance are proposed, and provide the context for the discussion of good governance in health service delivery in the areas of budget and resource management, individual provider performance, health facility performance, informal payments, and corruption perceptions. What we do and do not know about effective solutions to advance good governance and performance in health is presented for each area, drawing on existing research and documented experiences.Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Health Systems Development&Reform,Public Sector Expenditure Policy,Health Economics&Finance,Health Law
Past performance, peer review, and project selection: A case study in the social and behavioral sciences
Does past performance influence success in grant applications? In this study
we test whether the grant allocation decisions of the Netherlands Research
Council for the Economic and Social Sciences correlate with the past
performances of the applicants in terms of publications and citations, and with
the results of the peer review process organized by the Council. We show that
the Council is successful in distinguishing grant applicants with above-average
performance from those with below-average performance, but within the former
group no correlation could be found between past performance and receiving a
grant. When comparing the best performing researchers who were denied funding
with the group of researchers who received it, the rejected researchers
significantly outperformed the funded ones. Furthermore, the best rejected
proposals score on average as high on the outcomes of the peer review process
as the accepted proposals. Finally, we found that the Council under study
successfully corrected for gender effects during the selection process. We
explain why these findings may be more general than for this case only.
However, if research councils are not able to select the 'best' researchers,
perhaps they should reconsider their mission. In a final section with policy
implications, we discuss the role of research councils at the level of the
science system in terms of variation, innovation, and quality control
Family management and firm performance in family SMEs: the mediating roles of management control systems and technological innovation
The aim of this research is to analyze the mediating role of the use of management control systems (MCS) and the achievement of technological innovation (TI) in the relationship between family management and firm performance in family small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). A questionnaire was conducted by 617 managers of family SMEs in Spain, and our model was tested using partial least squares. Our findings show that both MCS and TI play crucial mediating roles in the understanding of the relationship between family management and firm performance. As a result, family-managed firms that utilize MCS and produce TI are much more likely to generate better performance. These results encourage family managers to use formal MCS because in that way they will contribute to obtaining better firm performance, directly and indirectly through TI. We focus on private family SMEs, because these specific firms contribute significantly to the economies worldwide. This paper contributes to resolve the controversy regarding the relationship between family management and firm performance introducing MCS and TI as mediating factors.AgĂȘncia financiadora
Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain (MICINN)
UID/SOC/04020/2013
Universidad de Malaga
Universidad de Cartagenainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
- âŠ