Packet Scheduling Study for Heterogeneous Traffic in Downlink 3GPP LTE System

Long Term Evolution (LTE) network deploys Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) technology for downlink multi-carrier transmission. To meet the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for LTE networks, packet scheduling has been employed. Packet scheduling determines when and how the user’s packets are transmitted to the receiver. Therefore effective design of packet scheduling algorithm is an important discussion. The aims of packet scheduling are maximizing system throughput, guaranteeing fairness among users, andminimizing either or both PacketLoss Ratio (PLR)and packet delay. Inthis paper, the performance of two packet scheduling algorithms namely Log Maximum-Largest Weighted Delay First (LOG-MLWDF) and Max Delay Unit (MDU), developed for OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)networks, has been investigated in LTE downlink networks, and acomparison of those algorithmswith a well-known scheduling algorithm namely Maximum-Largest Weighted Delay First(MLWDF) has been studied.The performance evaluation was in terms of system throughput, PLR and fairness index. This study was performed forboth real time (voice and video streaming)and non-real time (best effort)perspectives. Results show that for streaming flows,LOG-MLWDF shows best PLR performance among the considered scheduling schemes, and for best effort flows, it outperforms theother two algorithms in terms of packet delay and throughput

Random Linear Network Coding for 5G Mobile Video Delivery

An exponential increase in mobile video delivery will continue with the demand for higher resolution, multi-view and large-scale multicast video services. Novel fifth generation (5G) 3GPP New Radio (NR) standard will bring a number of new opportunities for optimizing video delivery across both 5G core and radio access networks. One of the promising approaches for video quality adaptation, throughput enhancement and erasure protection is the use of packet-level random linear network coding (RLNC). In this review paper, we discuss the integration of RLNC into the 5G NR standard, building upon the ideas and opportunities identified in 4G LTE. We explicitly identify and discuss in detail novel 5G NR features that provide support for RLNC-based video delivery in 5G, thus pointing out to the promising avenues for future research.Comment: Invited paper for Special Issue "Network and Rateless Coding for Video Streaming" - MDPI Informatio

Scheduling for Multi-Camera Surveillance in LTE Networks

Wireless surveillance in cellular networks has become increasingly important, while commercial LTE surveillance cameras are also available nowadays. Nevertheless, most scheduling algorithms in the literature are throughput, fairness, or profit-based approaches, which are not suitable for wireless surveillance. In this paper, therefore, we explore the resource allocation problem for a multi-camera surveillance system in 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) uplink (UL) networks. We minimize the number of allocated resource blocks (RBs) while guaranteeing the coverage requirement for surveillance systems in LTE UL networks. Specifically, we formulate the Camera Set Resource Allocation Problem (CSRAP) and prove that the problem is NP-Hard. We then propose an Integer Linear Programming formulation for general cases to find the optimal solution. Moreover, we present a baseline algorithm and devise an approximation algorithm to solve the problem. Simulation results based on a real surveillance map and synthetic datasets manifest that the number of allocated RBs can be effectively reduced compared to the existing approach for LTE networks.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figure

A Review of MAC Scheduling Algorithms in LTE System

The recent wireless communication networks rely on the new technology named Long Term Evolution (LTE) to offer high data rate real-time (RT) traffic with better Quality of Service (QoS) for the increasing demand of customer requirement. LTE provide low latency for real-time services with high throughput, with the help of two-level packet retransmission. Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) retransmission at the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer of LTE networks achieves error-free data transmission. The performance of the LTE networks mainly depends on how effectively this HARQ adopted in the latest communication standard, Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). The major challenge in LTE is to balance QoS and fairness among the users. Hence, it is very essential to design a down link scheduling scheme to get the expected service quality to the customers and to utilize the system resources efficiently. This paper provides a comprehensive literature review of LTE MAC layer and six types of QoS/Channel-aware downlink scheduling algorithms designed for this purpose. The contributions of this paper are to identify the gap of knowledge in the downlink scheduling procedure and to point out the future research direction. Based on the comparative study of algorithms taken for the review, this paper is concluded that the EXP Rule scheduler is most suited for LTE networks due to its characteristics of less Packet Loss Ratio (PLR), less Packet Delay (PD), high throughput, fairness and spectral efficiency