Performance of a Fire-and-Forget Anti-Tank Missile with a Damaged Wing

A mathematical model is developed for an anti-tank missile and its guidance algorithms. The aerodynamic model is separated into two parts, the airframe and external lifting surfaces in order to model damage to the airframe. Radar data is compared to that of the proposed model and it is shown that the model accurately replicates the true flight dynamics. Two types of field handling damage are modeled, a damaged mid-body wing with 50% of its planform area missing, and an un-deployed mid-body wing. Monte Carlo simulations are performed for each type of damage and the eight possible mid-body wing locations. The results predict that the anti-tank guided missile\u27s performance in response to damage is extremely sensitive to the radial location of damage. Vertical mid-body wing damage had little effect on performance while damage to horizontal and adjacent mid- body wings resulted in significant failures. The failure mode demonstrated was not a large increase in impact errors, but rather failure of the seeker used for guidance due to excessive roll and yawing of the airframe

The 2022 Russo-Ukrainian War As Failure Of Conventional Deterrence

Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisa faktor di balik keputusan Rusia untuk menyerang Ukraina dalam Perang Rusia-Ukraina 2022. Rusia dan Ukraina, dua negara dengan relasi yang bercirikan ketegangan dan permusuhan, menghadapi peningkatan ketegangan saat Rusia melaksanakan dua penempatan kekuatan militer di dekat Ukraina antara April 2021 hingga Februari 2022. Meski ada pendapat bahwa Rusia tidak berniat melancarkan aksi militer, Rusia menyerang Ukraina pada 24 Februari 2022. Untuk menganalisa masalah tersebut, artikel ini mengimplementasikan teori Deteren Konvensional Mearsheimer sebagai kerangka analisa. Deteren Konvensional menyatakan eskalasi krisis menjadi perang bergantung keberhasilan atau kehahalan deteren terhadap negara penyerang dari negara bertahan. Deteren kemungkinan gagal jika penyerang memiliki keunggulan militer kuantitatif, persenjataan kedua pihak didominasi senjata ofensif, dan penyerang mempersepsikan bisa berhasil melancarkan perang blitzkrieg. Sesuai dengan teori tersebut, artikel ini menemukan Rusia secara umum memiliki keunggulan personil dan materiil lebih dari tiga-banding-satu dibandingkan dengan Ukraina. Selain itu, militer Rusia dan Ukraina didominasi senjata dengan kapabilitas ofensif yang digunakan secara ofensif, termasuk pesawat udara tanpa awak, rudal jarak jauh, dan artileri berat. Terakhir, kalangan keamanan nasional Rusia mempersepsikan bahwa perang blitzkrieg dapat dilancarkan di Ukraina

With renewables for energy security

Taking into account the possible future exhaustion of fossil energy sources, the actual and near danger of climate change, the drastic increase of the greenhouse gases in the last 200 years, as well as the growing need for sustainable development, consumption and liveable environment, the increasing necessity of renewable energy sources becomes clear. Utilization of these energy sources have to acquire a bigger role in the field of energy supply, in order to enhance the energy security of Hungary, to decline the energy import dependence, to reduce the negative environmental impacts, and to recover the economy. The world’s hunger for energy is growing exponentially; this is why it is crucial to establish feasibility scenarios in the next decades, which are able to meet these expectations, and to increase the safety of the energy supply

With renewables for energy security

Taking into account the possible future exhaustion of fossil energy sources, the actual and near danger of climate change, the drastic increase of the greenhouse gases in the last 200 years, as well as the growing need for sustainable development, consumption and liveable environment, the increasing necessity of renewable energy sources becomes clear. Utilization of these energy sources have to acquire a bigger role in the field of energy supply, in order to enhance the energy security of Hungary, to decline the energy import dependence, to reduce the negative environmental impacts, and to recover the economy. The world’s hunger for energy is growing exponentially; this is why it is crucial to establish feasibility scenarios in the next decades, which are able to meet these expectations, and to increase the safety of the energy supply

Armed forces, states and threats : civil-military institutions and military power in modern democracies

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2009.Vita. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (v. 2, p. 739-769).Two longstanding questions preoccupying political scientists, military officers and policymakers alike are how should and how do political leaders interact with military professionals? This thesis argues that historic patterns of civil-military relations underlay distinct national defense policymaking institutions, which, in turn, shape how states produce and employ force. Thus, long after states are no longer prey to military interventions in politics, the institutions originally created to protect government from the armed forces will continue to shape how governments use military force. In states where civil-military conflict prompted sustained periods of institutional development, present day governments will possess institutional resources to exert maximal civilian control over defense policymaking. States with harmonious civil-military legacies will lack these institutional structures and will exercise a lesser degree of civilian control. Each form of political control embodies distinct comparative advantages, one privileging the integration of military activities with the state's foreign policy, while the other provides for greater military effectiveness. Termed "civil-military legacy theory," the analytical framework of the dissertation is rooted in historic institutionalism. The theory is tested by examining the elaboration of military doctrine, the acquisition of new weapons and the conduct of military interventions in France and the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom and France have, since the Second World War, possessed and expended comparable resources on defense. The United Kingdom and France have, however, diametrically opposite experiences of civil-military relations. The United Kingdom has never experienced a significant civil-military crisis; France has six times seen a general become head of state without being elected, and nine times seen military factions attempt to supplant the government. As predicted, France's history of fractious civil-military relations led it to develop civil-military control institutions that permit civilian leaders to micromanage military doctrine, procurement and operations. Conversely, the United Kingdom's record of civil-military concord has resulted in the armed forces retaining authority over an autonomous sphere of military competence. The principle of civilian control of the armed forces is acknowledged in both cases, but its practice varies widely, with a functional division of labor in the British case and more intrusive civilian control in the French.by Marc Ronald DeVore.Ph.D

難於登天 Harder Than Climbing to Heaven: Fighter Aviation in the Republic of China Air Force (1928-1994)

A study of the founding and evolution of the Republic of China (ROC) Air Force\u27s fighter aviation from 1928-1994. Topics include Chinese Air Force during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945), Chinese Civil War, and cross-Taiwan Strait relations throughout the Cold War

Integrated helicopter survivability

A high level of survivability is important to protect military personnel and equipment and is central to UK defence policy. Integrated Survivability is the systems engineering methodology to achieve optimum survivability at an affordable cost, enabling a mission to be completed successfully in the face of a hostile environment. “Integrated Helicopter Survivability” is an emerging discipline that is applying this systems engineering approach within the helicopter domain. Philosophically the overall survivability objective is ‘zero attrition’, even though this is unobtainable in practice. The research question was: “How can helicopter survivability be assessed in an integrated way so that the best possible level of survivability can be achieved within the constraints and how will the associated methods support the acquisition process?” The research found that principles from safety management could be applied to the survivability problem, in particular reducing survivability risk to as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP). A survivability assessment process was developed to support this approach and was linked into the military helicopter life cycle. This process positioned the survivability assessment methods and associated input data derivation activities. The system influence diagram method was effective at defining the problem and capturing the wider survivability interactions, including those with the defence lines of development (DLOD). Influence diagrams and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) methods were effective visual tools to elicit stakeholder requirements and improve communication across organisational and domain boundaries. The semi-quantitative nature of the QFD method leads to numbers that are not real. These results are suitable for helping to prioritise requirements early in the helicopter life cycle, but they cannot provide the quantifiable estimate of risk needed to demonstrate ALARP. The probabilistic approach implemented within the Integrated Survivability Assessment Model (ISAM) was developed to provide a quantitative estimate of ‘risk’ to support the approach of reducing survivability risks to ALARP. Limitations in available input data for the rate of encountering threats leads to a probability of survival that is not a real number that can be used to assess actual loss rates. However, the method does support an assessment across platform options, provided that the ‘test environment’ remains consistent throughout the assessment. The survivability assessment process and ISAM have been applied to an acquisition programme, where they have been tested to support the survivability decision making and design process. The survivability ‘test environment’ is an essential element of the survivability assessment process and is required by integrated survivability tools such as ISAM. This test environment, comprising of threatening situations that span the complete spectrum of helicopter operations requires further development. The ‘test environment’ would be used throughout the helicopter life cycle from selection of design concepts through to test and evaluation of delivered solutions. It would be updated as part of the through life capability management (TLCM) process. A framework of survivability analysis tools requires development that can provide probabilistic input data into ISAM and allow derivation of confidence limits. This systems level framework would be capable of informing more detailed survivability design work later in the life cycle and could be enabled through a MATLAB® based approach. Survivability is an emerging system property that influences the whole system capability. There is a need for holistic capability level analysis tools that quantify survivability along with other influencing capabilities such as: mobility (payload / range), lethality, situational awareness, sustainability and other mission capabilities. It is recommended that an investigation of capability level analysis methods across defence should be undertaken to ensure a coherent and compliant approach to systems engineering that adopts best practice from across the domains. Systems dynamics techniques should be considered for further use by Dstl and the wider MOD, particularly within the survivability and operational analysis domains. This would improve understanding of the problem space, promote a more holistic approach and enable a better balance of capability, within which survivability is one essential element. There would be value in considering accidental losses within a more comprehensive ‘survivability’ analysis. This approach would enable a better balance to be struck between safety and survivability risk mitigations and would lead to an improved, more integrated overall design

WATER-BASED MITIGATION TECHNIQUES AND NETWORK INTEGRATION TO COUNTER DRONE SWARMS

Potential and current U.S. adversaries are purchasing and deploying commercial small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) in networked swarms. These swarms can be used for intelligence collection and reconnaissance, and have the potential to be weaponized as well. Additionally, the unlawful, but probably not malicious, activity of civilian UAS (drone) operators is of increasing concern. More specifically, there is increased risk to naval assets while in constrained environments, such as harbor transit, where both navigation and weaponized responses are serious concerns. This thesis uses the scenario of protecting a U.S. Navy destroyer entering and exiting a harbor to develop a sUAS mitigation procedure based on existing firefighting and counter-piracy technologies. The proposed procedure includes a communications plan and can be implemented almost immediately using existing civilian and military assets. Additional recommendations to improve the performance of such procedures are provided.CRUSARRRTOLieutenant, United States NavyApproved for public release. Distribution is unlimited