71 research outputs found
Low Earth orbit microsatellite constellation utilizing satellite Hellas Sat 5 as a relay
Με δεδομένο ότι βρισκόμαστε σε μια εποχή ορόσημο για την ανάπτυξη στον διαστημικό τομέα, το σύνολο σχεδόν όλων των ανεπτυγμένων χωρών έχει συνειδητοποιήσει ότι η επένδυση στο σύνολο των διαστημικών τεχνολογιών αποτελεί μονόδρομο ανάπτυξης και ευημερίας. Τα δαπανούμενα ποσά είναι απολύτως ενδεικτικά της φρενίτιδας που επικρατεί στη λεγόμενη κούρσα του διαστήματος. Η εισαγωγή πλέον και του ιδιωτικού τομέα στη κούρσα αυτή έχει επιτρέψει την προώθηση του ανταγωνισμού κάτι το οποίο με τη σειρά του έχει ελαττώσει εντυπωσιακά το κόστος χρήσης και αξιοποίησης του διαστημικού τομέα. Αυτό το νέο διαστημικό οικοσύστημα που έχει αναπτυχθεί παγκοσμίως τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες, έχει επιτρέψει τη πρόσβαση στις διαστημικές τεχνολογίες από το σύνολο σχεδόν των χωρών του πλανήτη, τη στιγμή που κατά τις προηγούμενες δεκαετίες, οι μοναδικές χώρες που είχαν τη δυνατότητα να επενδύσουν στον τομέα ήταν οι ΗΠΑ και οι Ρωσία.
Δορυφορική παρατήρηση της γης, πλοήγηση, αποτροπή φυσικών καταστροφών, εξερεύνηση του διαστήματος, επιστημονική ανάλυση της επιφάνειας του εδάφους, εκμετάλλευση φυσικών πόρων αλλά και πολιτικές και στρατιωτικές τηλεπικοινωνίες, είναι μόνο μερικές από τις νέες τεχνολογίες που έχει να προσφέρει ο διαστημικός τομέας. Κάθε ένας από αυτούς τους τομείς μπορεί δυνητικά να αποτελέσει πυλώνα ανάπτυξης αν αξιοποιηθεί σωστά και πλέον όλες οι χώρες έχουν συνειδητοποιήσει πως η επένδυση σε κάποιον ή και σε όλους αυτούς τους τομείς μπορούν να επιφέρουν πολλαπλά οφέλη.
Ένα χαρακτηριστικό παράδειγμα του νέου διαστημικού οικοσυστήματος που έχει διαμορφωθεί κατά τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες και που δείχνει το πόσο πολύ επενδύουν πλέον οι χώρες στον διαστημικό τομέα, είναι ο υπερδιπλασιαμός των ενεργών δορυφορικών συστημάτων κατά τη πενταετία 2015 – 2020, ιδιαίτερα των τηλεπικοινωνιακών. Αξίζει να σημειωθεί πως τον Δεκέμβριο του 2015, σύμφωνα με τα στοιχεία της UCS, ο αριθμός των ενεργών δορυφόρων του έτους ανήλθε σε 1.381, αριθμός ο οποίος κατά τον ίδιο μήνα του έτους 2020 είχε φτάσει τους 3.372.
Έχοντας πει όλα τα παραπάνω, η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία στοχεύει στην παρουσίαση μιας ολοκληρωμένης ανάλυσης όλων των απαιτούμενων βημάτων που πρέπει να εξετάσει ένας μηχανικός / σχεδιαστής συστημάτων προκειμένου να κατασκευάσει και να αναπτύξει μια πλήρως λειτουργική και αξιόπιστη δορυφορική ζεύξη επικοινωνίας. Η μεθοδολογία περιλαμβάνει μια πλήρη περιγραφή των βασικών νόμων του διαστημικού περιβάλλοντος καθώς και μια εκτενή ανάλυση της τροχιακής μηχανικής και των παραμέτρων. Η ιδέα ήταν να παρουσιαστεί πώς η θεωρία μπορεί να εφαρμοστεί σε μια πραγματική δορυφορική προσομοίωση καθώς και πώς επηρεάζεται από αυτήν. Το τελευταίο βήμα ήταν ο σχεδιασμός και η κατασκευή ενός πραγματικού συστήματος δορυφορικής επικοινωνίας σε ένα εξειδικευμένο λογισμικό και η παρουσίαση των αποτελεσμάτων.
Το κύριο συμπέρασμα της παραπάνω υλοποίησης είναι το γεγονός ότι μέσω της χρήσης ενός αστερισμού δορυφόρων χαμηλής Γήινης τροχιάς σε συνδυασμό με έναν γεωστατικό δορυφόρο που χρησιμοποιείται αναμεταδότης, είναι δυνατό να επιτευχθεί μια ανθεκτική και αξιόπιστη επικοινωνιακή ζεύξη με εξαιρετικά υψηλούς ρυθμούς μετάδοσης δεδομένων και σχεδόν παγκόσμια κάλυψη.Given that we are in a landmark era of the space sector development , most countries have realized that an investment in space technologies is the only way for development and prosperity. The invested budgets are absolutely indicative of the so-called space race. The introduction of the private sector in this race has allowed the promotion of competition, which in turn has dramatically reduced the cost of using and exploiting the space sector. This new space ecosystem that has been developed worldwide in recent decades, has allowed access to space technologies from almost all countries on the planet, while in previous decades, the only countries that had the opportunity to invest in the sector were USA and Russia.
Satellite earth observation, navigation, prevention of natural disasters, space exploration, scientific analysis of the earth's surface, exploitation of natural resources, but also civil and military telecommunications, are just some of the new technologies that the space sector has to offer. Each of these sectors can potentially be a pillar of development if exploited properly and almost all of the modern countries have realized that investing in one or all of these sectors can offer multiple benefits.
A typical example of the new space ecosystem that has been formed during the last decades and that shows how much money countries are now investing in the space sector, is the dramatic increase of the active satellite systems during the years 2015 – 2020, especially the telecommunication ones. It is worth mentioning that in December 2015, according to UCS data, the number of active satellites was 1.381, a number which during the same month in 2020 reached the astonishing number of 3.372. The rapid development of the space sector combined with the cost reducing methods that private sectors have introduced, is showing that the imminent future seems to be very promising.
Having said all of the above, this thesis aims at presenting a comprehensive analysis of all the required steps that a system engineer / designer must consider in order to build and deploy a fully functional and reliable satellite communication link. The methodology entails a fully description of the basic laws of the space environment as well as an extensive analysis of the orbital mechanics and parameters. The idea was to demonstrate how the theory can be utilized in an actual satellite project simulation as well as how it is affected by it. The last step was to design and build an actual satellite communication system on a specialized software and present the results.
The main conclusion of the above implementation is the fact that through the use of a low Earth orbit satellite constellation combined with a geostationary satellite used as a relay, it’s possible to achieve a resilient and reliable communication link with exceptional high data rates and an almost worldwide coverage
Computer Aided Verification
This open access two-volume set LNCS 13371 and 13372 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 34rd International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, CAV 2022, which was held in Haifa, Israel, in August 2022. The 40 full papers presented together with 9 tool papers and 2 case studies were carefully reviewed and selected from 209 submissions. The papers were organized in the following topical sections: Part I: Invited papers; formal methods for probabilistic programs; formal methods for neural networks; software Verification and model checking; hyperproperties and security; formal methods for hardware, cyber-physical, and hybrid systems. Part II: Probabilistic techniques; automata and logic; deductive verification and decision procedures; machine learning; synthesis and concurrency. This is an open access book
Low-Density Parity-Check Coded High-order Modulation Schemes
In this thesis, we investigate how to support reliable data transmissions at high speeds in future communication systems, such as 5G/6G, WiFi, satellite, and optical communications. One of the most fundamental problems in these communication systems is how to reliably transmit information with a limited number of resources, such as power and spectral.
To obtain high spectral efficiency, we use coded modulation (CM), such as bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) and delayed BICM (DBICM). To be specific, BICM is a pragmatic implementation of CM which has been largely adopted in both industry and academia. While BICM approaches CM capacity at high rates, the capacity gap between BICM and CM is still noticeable at lower code rates. To tackle this problem, DBICM, as a variation of BICM, introduces a delay module to create a dependency between multiple codewords, which enables us to exploit extrinsic information from the decoded delayed sub-blocks to improve the detection of the undelayed sub-blocks. Recent work shows that DBICM improves capacity over BICM. In addition, BICM and DBICM schemes protect each bit-channel differently, which is often referred to as the unequal error protection (UEP) property. Therefore, bit mapping designs are important for constructing pragmatic BICM and DBICM. To provide reliable communication, we have jointly designed bit mappings in DBICM and irregular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. For practical considerations, spatially coupled LDPC (SC-LDPC) codes have been considered as well. Specifically, we have investigated the joint design of the multi-chain SC-LDPC and the BICM bit mapper. In addition, the design of SC-LDPC codes with improved decoding threshold performance and reduced rate loss has been investigated in this thesis as well.
The main body of this thesis consists of three parts. In the first part, considering Gray-labeled square M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellations, we investigate the optimal delay scheme with the largest spectrum efficiency of DBICM for a fixed maximum number of delayed time slots and a given signal-to-noise ratio. Furthermore, we jointly optimize degree distributions and channel assignments of LDPC codes using protograph-based extrinsic information transfer charts. In addition, we proposed a constrained progressive edge growth-like algorithm to jointly construct LDPC codes and bit mappings for DBICM, taking the capacity of each bit-channel into account. Simulation results demonstrate that the designed LDPC-coded DBICM systems significantly outperform LDPC-coded BICM systems. In the second part, we proposed a windowed decoding algorithm for DBICM, which uses the extrinsic information of both the decoded delayed and undelayed sub-blocks, to improve the detection for all sub-blocks. We show that the proposed windowed decoding significantly outperforms the original decoding, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed decoding algorithm. In the third part, we apply multi-chain SC-LDPC to BICM. We investigate various connections for multi-chain SC-LDPC codes and bit mapping designs and analyze the performance of the multi-chain SC-LDPC codes over the equivalent binary erasure channels via density evolution. Numerical results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed design over existing connected-chain ensembles and over single-chain ensembles with the existing bit mapping design
Enlace de retorno satelital DVB-RCS2 : modelagem de fila e otimização de alocação de recursos baseada em teoria dos jogos
Tese (doutorado) — Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, 2022.É esperado que satélites tenham um papel fundamental no futuro dos sistemas de comunicação, integrando-se às infraestruturas terrestres. Esta dissertação de mestrado
propõe três contribuições principais: primeiramente, se apresenta um arcabouço de
simulação capaz de prover detalhes da performance de redes de comunicação satelital
em cenários realistas. Este arcabouço aplica uma metodologia orientada a eventos,
modelando a rede de comunicação como um sistema baseado em eventos discretos
(DES), focando no enlace de retorno do protocolo DVB-RCS2. Três diferentes cenários simulados demonstram os possíveis usos das saídas do simulador para entender o
comportamento dinâmico da rede e alcançar um ponto ótimo de operação do sistema.
Cada cenário explora uma característica diferente do simulador, enquanto cobre um
grande território de usuários, que em nosso caso estudo o país de escolha foi o Brasil.
Em um segundo tópico, este trabalho introduz um novo algoritmo modificado do
método de alocação de timeslots baseado em teoria dos jogos, aplicando-se no protocolo DVB-RCS2. Este procedimento considera a eficiência espectral do terminal
como um parâmetro de peso para o problema de otimização convexa resultante da
solução da barganha de Nash. Este novo método garante o cumprimento dos requisitos de Qualidade de Serviço (QoS) enquanto provê uma medida de justiça maior;
os resultados mostram uma melhoria de 5% na medida de justiça, com uma diminuição de 75% no desvio padrão de justiça entre os quadros, também alcançando
um aumento de 12% na satisfação individual média pela alocação de capacidade aos
terminais. Por final, apresentamos uma modelagem alternativa para o enlace de retorno do DVB-RCS2 usando cadeias de Markov, predizendo parâmetros tradicionais
de fila como a intensidade de tráfego, tempo médio de espera, dentre outros. Utilizamos dados coletados de uma série de simulações usando o arcabouço orientado
a eventos para validar o modelo de filas como uma aproximação numérica útil para
o cenário real de aplicação. Nós apresentamos o algoritmo de alocação de controle
do parâmetro alfa (GTAC) que consegue controlar o tempo médio de espera de um
RCST na fila, respeitando um limiar de tempo enquanto otimiza a taxa média média
de transmissão de dados dos terminais.Satellite networks are expected to play a vital role in future communication systems,
with complex features and seamless integration with ground-based infrastructure.
This dissertation proposes three main contributions: firstly, it presents a novel simulation framework capable of providing a detailed assessment of a satellite communication’s network performance in realistic scenarios, employing an event-driven
methodology and modeling the communications network as a DES (discrete event
system). This work focuses on the return link of the Digital Video Broadcast Return
Channel via Satellite (DVB-RCS2) standard. Three different scenarios demonstrate
possible uses of the simulator’s output to understand the network’s dynamic behavior
and achievable optimal system operation. Each scenario explores a different feature
of the simulator. The simulated range covers a large territory with thousands of users,
which in our case study was the country of Brazil. In the second theme, this work
introduces a novel algorithm modification for the conventional game theory-based
time slot assignment method, applying it to the DVB-RCS system. This procedure
considers the spectral efficiency as a weighting parameter. We use it as an input for
the resulting convex optimization problem of the Nash Bargaining Solution. This
approach guarantees the fulfillment of Quality of Service (QoS) constraints while
maintaining a higher fairness measure; results show a 5% improvement in fairness,
with a 73% decrease in the standard deviation of fairness between frames, while
also managing to reach a 12.5% increase in average normalized terminal BTU allocation satisfaction. Lastly, we present an alternative queuing model analysis for
the DVB-RCS2 return link using Markov chains, developed to predict traditional
queue parameters such as traffic intensity, average queue size, average waiting time,
among others. We used data gathered from a series of simulations using the DES
framework to validate this queuing model as a useful numerical approximation to
the real application scenario, and, by the end of the scope, we present the alpha allocation algorithm (GTAC) that can maintain the average waiting time of a terminal
in the queue to a threshold while optimizing the average terminal throughput
Design und Evaluation von Hardware-Architekturen zur Powerline-basierten Kommunikation unter extremen Umweltbedingungen
Moderne elektronische Geräte setzten vermehrt auf den Austausch von Informationen mit dem Benutzer oder einem Online-Dienst des Herstellers, wie zum Beispiel im Smart Home, der Staubsauger-Roboter oder die Waschmaschine. Die Verbindung erfolgt zumeist über drahtlose Kommunikation zum Beispiel auf dem 2,4 GHz-Funkkanal, welcher gerade in dicht besiedelten Städten teilweise schon überlastet ist.
Eine Alternative bietet die drahtgebundene Kommunikation über die Stromversorgungsleitung, auch Powerline-Kommunikation genannt. Hierbei werden die Informationen auf freie Frequenzbänder oberhalb der Netzfrequenz moduliert und konkurrieren dabei nur mit den anderen Teilnehmern des eigenen Stromnetzes. Ein Problem bei dieser Art der Kommunikation ist der Übetragungskanal, der nicht für eine hochfrequente Übertragung ausgelegt ist und starke Störungen durch Lastwechsel oder Reflexionen an Impedanzsprüngen erzeugt. Um diese Störungen zu kompensieren verwenden moderne Powerline-Kommunikationsstandards robuste Kanalkodierverfahren, um Fehler in den übertragenen Informationen empfangsseitig korrigieren zu können.
Auf Grund dieser robusten Fehlerkorrketurverfahren, eignen sich diese Standards auch für die Kommunikation unter extremen Umweltbedingungen in der Tiefenbohrtechnik. Dabei befinden sich die elektronischen Komponenten entlang der letzten 100 m des Bohrstrangs mehrere Kilometer tief unter der Erde, wo Umgebungstemperaturen mehr als 150 °C, Drücke bis 207 MPa und mechanische Schocks auftreten. Diese extremen Umweltbedingungen haben sowohl Einfluss auf die elektronischen Komponenten, als auch auf den Übetragungskanal der Powerline-Kommunikation selbst.
In dieser Arbeit wird erstmalig eine Entwurfsraumexploration für hochtempteraturfeste Hardware-Plattformen eines Breitband-Powerline-Kommunikationssystems durchgeführt. Dabei wird ein Abtausch zwischen Durchsatz, Flexibiltät und Hardware-Ressourcen aufgezeigt, der verschiedene Pareto-optimale Punkte enthält. Diese Pareto-optimalen Punkte umfassen sowohl
Prozessor-basiere Plattformen, als auch eine dedizierte Implementierung. Die dedizierte Implementierung wird anschließend in einer FPGA-basierten Emulationen bezüglich Durchsatz, Latenz und Skalierbarkeit des Netzwerkes evaluiert und optimale Konfigurationen aufgezeigt. Abschließend wird diese optimale Konfiguration für die Fertigung als Chip in einer Hochtemperaturtechnologie
vorbereitet. Der gefertigte Chip wird auf einer hochtemperaturfesten Leiterplatte in einer Klimakammer unter extremen Umweltbedingungen verifiziert und evaluiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine geringe Leistungsaufnahme und eine stabile Kommunikation mit geringen Paketverlustraten bis zu einer Sperrschichttemperatur von 220 °C. Die Messungen zeigen einen linearen Abtausch zwischen Spannungsversorgung und Stabilität der Kommunikation von 7 mW/°C.
Damit erweitert diese Arbeit den aktuellen Stand der Forschung um den ersten Breitband-Powerline-Kommunikation-Chip, der unter extremen Umweltbedingungen evaluiert und charakterisiert wurde
Enabling Technology in Optical Fiber Communications: From Device, System to Networking
This book explores the enabling technology in optical fiber communications. It focuses on the state-of-the-art advances from fundamental theories, devices, and subsystems to networking applications as well as future perspectives of optical fiber communications. The topics cover include integrated photonics, fiber optics, fiber and free-space optical communications, and optical networking
A proxy for reliable 5G (and beyond) mmWave communications. Contributions to multi-path scheduling for a reliability focused mmWave proxy
Reliable, consistent and very high data rate mobile communication will become especially important for future services such as, among other things, future emergency communication needs. MmWave technology provides the needed capacity, however, lacks the reliability due to the abrupt capacity changes any one path experiences. Intelligently making use of varying numbers of available mmWave paths, efficiently scheduling data across the paths, perhaps even
through multi-operator agreements; and balancing mobile power consumption with path costs and the need for reliable consistent quality will be critical to attaining this aim. In this thesis, the multipath scheduling problem in a mmWave proxy when the paths have dynamically changing path characteristics is considered. To address
this problem, a hybrid scheduler is proposed, the performance of which is compared with the Round Robin scheduler, Random scheduler and the Highest Capacity First scheduler. Forward error correction is explored as a means of enhancing the scheduling.
Keywords:Multipath Scheduling, mmWave Proxy, Forward Error Correction, beyond 5G
Potentzia domeinuko NOMA 5G sareetarako eta haratago
Tesis inglés 268 p. -- Tesis euskera 274 p.During the last decade, the amount of data carried over wireless networks has grown exponentially. Several reasons have led to this situation, but the most influential ones are the massive deployment of devices connected to the network and the constant evolution in the services offered. In this context, 5G targets the correct implementation of every application integrated into the use cases. Nevertheless, the biggest challenge to make ITU-R defined cases (eMBB, URLLC and mMTC) a reality is the improvement in spectral efficiency. Therefore, in this thesis, a combination of two mechanisms is proposed to improve spectral efficiency: Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) techniques and Radio Resource Management (RRM) schemes. Specifically, NOMA transmits simultaneously several layered data flows so that the whole bandwidth is used throughout the entire time to deliver more than one service simultaneously. Then, RRM schemes provide efficient management and distribution of radio resources among network users. Although NOMA techniques and RRM schemes can be very advantageous in all use cases, this thesis focuses on making contributions in eMBB and URLLC environments and proposing solutions to communications that are expected to be relevant in 6G
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