Performance Analysis of Location Profile Routing

We propose using the predictability of human motion to eliminate the overhead of distributed location services in human-carried MANETs, dubbing the technique location profile routing. This method outperforms the Geographic Hashing Location Service when nodes change locations 2x more frequently than they initiate connections (e.g., start new TCP streams), as in applications like text- and instant-messaging. Prior characterizations of human mobility are used to show that location profile routing achieves a 93% delivery ratio with a 1.75x first-packet latency increase relative to an oracle location service

VANET Routing Protocols: Pros and Cons

VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc Network) is a new technology which has taken enormous attention in the recent years. Due to rapid topology changing and frequent disconnection makes it difficult to design an efficient routing protocol for routing data among vehicles, called V2V or vehicle to vehicle communication and vehicle to road side infrastructure, called V2I. The existing routing protocols for VANET are not efficient to meet every traffic scenarios. Thus design of an efficient routing protocol has taken significant attention. So, it is very necessary to identify the pros and cons of routing protocols which can be used for further improvement or development of any new routing protocol. This paper presents the pros and cons of VANET routing protocols for inter vehicle communication

Behavior of Wireless Body-to-Body Networks Routing Strategies for Public Protection and Disaster Relief

Critical and public safety operations require real-time data transfer from the incident area(s) to the distant operations command center going through the evacuation and medical support areas. Any delay in communication may cause significant loss. In some cases, it is anticipated that the existing communication infrastructures can be damaged or out-of-service. It is thus required to deploy tactical ad-hoc networks to cover the operation zones. Routing data over the deployed network is a significant challenge with consideration to the operations conditions. In this paper we evaluate the performance of mutli-hop routing protocols while using different wireless technologies in an urban critical and emergency scenario. Using a realistic mobility model, Mobile Ad hoc, geographic based and data-centric routing protocols are evaluated with different communication technologies (i.e. WiFi IEEE 802.11; WSN IEEE 802.15.4; WBAN IEEE 802.15.6). It is concluded that, WiFi IEEE 802.11 is the best wireless technology with consideration to the packet reception rate and the energy consumption. Whereas, in terms of delay, WBAN IEEE 802.15.6 is the most efficient. With regards to the routing protocols, assuming that the location information is available, geographical based routing protocol with WiFi IEEE 802.11 performed much better compared to the others routing protocols. In case where the location information is unavailable, gradient based routing protocol with WBAN IEEE 802.15.6 seems the best combination.Comment: WiMob, Oct 2015, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirate

Survey of Important Issues in UAV Communication Networks

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have enormous potential in the public and civil domains. These are particularly useful in applications where human lives would otherwise be endangered. Multi-UAV systems can collaboratively complete missions more efficiently and economically as compared to single UAV systems. However, there are many issues to be resolved before effective use of UAVs can be made to provide stable and reliable context-specific networks. Much of the work carried out in the areas of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs), and Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) does not address the unique characteristics of the UAV networks. UAV networks may vary from slow dynamic to dynamic; have intermittent links and fluid topology. While it is believed that ad hoc mesh network would be most suitable for UAV networks yet the architecture of multi-UAV networks has been an understudied area. Software Defined Networking (SDN) could facilitate flexible deployment and management of new services and help reduce cost, increase security and availability in networks. Routing demands of UAV networks go beyond the needs of MANETS and VANETS. Protocols are required that would adapt to high mobility, dynamic topology, intermittent links, power constraints and changing link quality. UAVs may fail and the network may get partitioned making delay and disruption tolerance an important design consideration. Limited life of the node and dynamicity of the network leads to the requirement of seamless handovers where researchers are looking at the work done in the areas of MANETs and VANETs, but the jury is still out. As energy supply on UAVs is limited, protocols in various layers should contribute towards greening of the network. This article surveys the work done towards all of these outstanding issues, relating to this new class of networks, so as to spur further research in these areas.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1304.3904 by other author

Geographic routing protocols for underwater wireless sensor networks:a survey

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN), similar to the terrestrial sensor networks, have different challenges such as limited bandwidth, low battery power, defective underwater channels, and high variable propagation delay. A crucial problem in UWSN is finding an efficient route between a source and a destination. Consequently, great efforts have been made for designing efficient protocols while considering the unique characteristics of underwater communication. Several routing protocols are proposed for this issue and can be classified into geographic and non-geographic routing protocols. In this paper we focus on the geographic routing protocols. We introduce a review and comparison of different algorithms proposed recently in the literature. We also presented a novel taxonomy of these routing in which the protocols are classified into three categories (greedy, restricted directional flooding and hierarchical) according to their forwarding strategies.Comment: 19 pages, IJWMN journa

CoopGeo: A Beaconless Geographic Cross-Layer Protocol for Cooperative Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Cooperative relaying has been proposed as a promising transmission technique that effectively creates spatial diversity through the cooperation among spatially distributed nodes. However, to achieve efficient communications while gaining full benefits from cooperation, more interactions at higher protocol layers, particularly the MAC (Medium Access Control) and network layers, are vitally required. This is ignored in most existing articles that mainly focus on physical (PHY)-layer relaying techniques. In this paper, we propose a novel cross-layer framework involving two levels of joint design---a MAC-network cross-layer design for forwarder selection (or termed routing) and a MAC-PHY for relay selection---over symbol-wise varying channels. Based on location knowledge and contention processes, the proposed cross-layer protocol, CoopGeo, aims at providing an efficient, distributed approach to select next hops and optimal relays along a communication path. Simulation results demonstrate that CoopGeo not only operates properly with varying densities of nodes, but performs significantly better than the existing protocol BOSS in terms of packet error rate, transmission error probability, and saturated throughput

Density-aware Dynamic Mobile Networks: Opportunities and Challenges

We experience a major paradigm change in mobile networks. The infrastructure of cellular networks becomes mobile as it is densified by using mobile and nomadic small cells to increase coverage and capacity. Furthermore, the innovative approaches such as green operation through sleep scheduling, user-controlled small cells, and end-to-end slicing will make the network highly dynamic. Mobile cells, while bringing many benefits, introduce many unconventional challenges that we present in this paper. We have to introduce novel techniques for adapting network functions, communication protocols and their parameters to network density. Especially when cells on wheels or wings are considered, static and man-made configurations will waste valuable resources such as spectrum or energy if density is not considered as an optimization parameter. In this paper, we present the existing density estimators. We analyze the impact of density on coverage, interference, mobility management, scalability, capacity, caching, routing protocols and energy consumption. We evaluate nomadic cells in dynamic networks in a comprehensive way and illustrate the potential objectives we can achieve by adapting mobile networks to base station density. The main challenges we may face by employing dynamic networks and how we can tackle these problems are discussed in detail

Rendezvous Regions: A Scalable Architecture for Resource Discovery and Service Location in Large-Scale Mobile Networks

In large-scale wireless networks such as mobile ad hoc and sensor networks, efficient and robust service discovery and data-access mechanisms are both essential and challenging. Rendezvous-based mechanisms provide a valuable solution for provisioning a wide range of services. In this paper, we describe Rendezvous Regions (RRs) - a novel scalable rendezvous-based architecture for wireless networks. RR is a general architecture proposed for service location and bootstrapping in ad hoc networks, in addition to data-centric storage, configuration, and task assignment in sensor networks. In RR the network topology is divided into geographical regions, where each region is responsible for a set of keys representing the services or data of interest. Each key is mapped to a region based on a hash-table-like mapping scheme. A few elected nodes inside each region are responsible for maintaining the mapped information. The service or data provider stores the information in the corresponding region and the seekers retrieve it from there. We run extensive detailed simulations, and high-level simulations and analysis, to investigate the design space, and study the architecture in various environments including node mobility and failures. We evaluate it against other approaches to identify its merits and limitations. The results show high success rate and low overhead even with dynamics. RR scales to large number of nodes and is highly robust and efficient to node failures. It is also robust to node mobility and location inaccuracy with a significant advantage over point-based rendezvous mechanisms

GrLS : group-based location service in mobile ad hoc networks

2006-2007 > Academic research: refereed > Refereed conference paperVersion of RecordPublishe

A Comparative Study of Various Routing Protocols in VANET

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) is a subclass of Mobile ad hoc networks which provides a distinguished approach for Intelligent Transport System (ITS). The survey of routing protocols in VANET is important and necessary for smart ITS. This paper discusses the advantages / disadvantages and the applications of various routing protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks. It explores the motivation behind the designed, and traces the evolution of these routing protocols. F inally the paper concludes by a tabular comparison of the various routing protocols for VANET.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure and 2 table