PERFORMANCE STUDY FOR CAPILLARY MACHINE-TO-MACHINE NETWORKS

Communication technologies witness a wide and rapid pervasiveness of wireless machine-to-machine (M2M) communications. It is emerging to apply for data transfer among devices without human intervention. Capillary M2M networks represent a candidate for providing reliable M2M connectivity. In this thesis, we propose a wireless network architecture that aims at supporting a wide range of M2M applications (either real-time or non-real-time) with an acceptable QoS level. The architecture uses capillary gateways to reduce the number of devices communicating directly with a cellular network such as LTE. Moreover, the proposed architecture reduces the traffic load on the cellular network by providing capillary gateways with dual wireless interfaces. One interface is connected to the cellular network, whereas the other is proposed to communicate to the intended destination via a WiFi-based mesh backbone for cost-effectiveness. We study the performance of our proposed architecture with the aid of the ns-2 simulator. An M2M capillary network is simulated in different scenarios by varying multiple factors that affect the system performance. The simulation results measure average packet delay and packet loss to evaluate the quality-of-service (QoS) of the proposed architecture. Our results reveal that the proposed architecture can satisfy the required level of QoS with low traffic load on the cellular network. It also outperforms a cellular-based capillary M2M network and WiFi-based capillary M2M network. This implies a low cost of operation for the service provider while meeting a high-bandwidth service level agreement. In addition, we investigate how the proposed architecture behaves with different factors like the number of capillary gateways, different application traffic rates, the number of backbone routers with different routing protocols, the number of destination servers, and the data rates provided by the LTE and Wi-Fi technologies. Furthermore, the simulation results show that the proposed architecture continues to be reliable in terms of packet delay and packet loss even under a large number of nodes and high application traffic rates

Utilization Of A Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Network For Intrusion Detection And Border Surveillance

To control the border more effectively, countries may deploy a detection system that enables real-time surveillance of border integrity. Events such as border crossings need to be monitored in real time so that any border entries can be noted by border security forces and destinations marked for apprehension. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are promising for border security surveillance because they enable enforcement teams to monitor events in the physical environment. In this work, probabilistic models have been presented to investigate senor development schemes while considering the environmental factors that affect the sensor performance. Simulation studies have been carried out using the OPNET to verify the theoretical analysis and to find an optimal node deployment scheme that is robust and efficient by incorporating geographical coordination in the design. Measures such as adding camera and range-extended antenna to each node have been investigated to improve the system performance. A prototype WSN based surveillance system has been developed to verify the proposed approach

High-Speed Mobile Networks for Modern Farming and Agricultural Systems

ABSTRACT High-Speed Mobile Networks for Modern Farming and Agricultural Systems J.Santos Najar-Ramirez High-speed mobile networks are necessary for agriculture to inventory individual plant health, maximize yield and minimize the resources applied. More specifically, real-time information on individual plant status is critical to decisions regarding the management of resources reserved and expended. This necessity can be met by the availability of environmental sensors (such as humidity, temperature, and pH) whose data is kept on storage servers connected to static and mobile local area networks. These static and mobile local area networks are connected to cellular, core and satellite networks. For instance, agricultural experts remotely working on vast acreage farms from business offices or while traveling can easily connect their notebook computers and other portable devices to these networks in order to check farm status, send email, read industry news or arrange a visit to neighbor farms or suppliers. Today, several mobile phone companies offer broadband service with 2Mbps downlink in rural and dense urban areas, however, they do not typically exist in farm areas. Although these networks (such as 802.11ac/n, 3G, 4G, etc) are significant achievements, they do not meet the projected needs of the agricultural industry. The present use model of high-speed networks for email and multimedia content, together with agriculture’s expected intensive use of real-time plant and environmental condition monitoring, with statistics/plots and real-time high resolution video, necessitates a highly integrated and highly available networked system. For agricultural experts, attentive to market needs, seamless high-speed wireless communication ‘anywhere, anytime at any speed’ is critical to enhancing their productivity and crop yields

Design and evaluation of a self-configuring wireless mesh network architecture

Wireless network connectivity plays an increasingly important role in supporting our everyday private and professional lives. For over three decades, self-organizing wireless multi-hop ad-hoc networks have been investigated as a decentralized replacement for the traditional forms of wireless networks that rely on a wired infrastructure. However, despite the tremendous efforts of the international wireless research community and widespread availability of devices that are able to support these networks, wireless ad-hoc networks are hardly ever used. In this work, the reasons behind this discrepancy are investigated. It is found that several basic theoretical assumptions on ad-hoc networks prove to be wrong when solutions are deployed in reality, and that several basic functionalities are still missing. It is argued that a hierarchical wireless mesh network architecture, in which specialized, multi-interfaced mesh nodes form a reliable multi-hop wireless backbone for the less capable end-user clients is an essential step in bringing the ad-hoc networking concept one step closer to reality. Therefore, in a second part of this work, algorithms increasing the reliability and supporting the deployment and management of these wireless mesh networks are developed, implemented and evaluated, while keeping the observed limitations and practical considerations in mind. Furthermore, the feasibility of the algorithms is verified by experiment. The performance analysis of these protocols and the ability to deploy the developed algorithms on current generation off-the-shelf hardware indicates the successfulness of the followed research approach, which combines theoretical considerations with practical implementations and observations. However, it was found that there are also many pitfalls to using real-life implementation as a research technique. Therefore, in the last part of this work, a methodology for wireless network research using real-life implementation is developed, allowing researchers to generate more reliable protocols and performance analysis results with less effort

Performance analysis of wireless mesh networks for underground mines

Abstract: Underground mines are harsh environments that have unique challenges that limit wireless communication. To ensure the safety and efficiency of mining operations, communication systems play a vital role. Despite the major developments in communication technologies, underground mines are still challenging environments for wireless communication, however, the advent of wireless mesh networks offers a cutting-edge solution to the mining industry and understanding the performance of this technology is fundamental to its application in dynamic areas of underground mines. This research project aims at conducting a performance analysis of wireless mesh networks by developing a prototype system set up of wireless mesh transceivers to conduct a feasibility study of data transmission on the network in underground mines. The second aspect of this study investigates network parameters, such as latency, throughput, and signal-to-noise, as a function of increasing mesh nodes on the network and internode spacing of mesh nodes. By combining theoretical models with real-time performance of the mesh system, realistic conclusions and better recommendations can be given to mining companies with regards to deploying wireless mesh systems in their underground mines.M.Ing. (Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science

Wireless networks for traffic light control on urban and aerotropolis roads

This paper presents a traffic lights system based on wireless communication, providing a support infrastructure for intelligent control in smart cities and aerotropolis scope. An aerotropolis is a metropolitan subregion which infrastructure is centered around an airport [1]. Traffic intensity is increasing all over the world. Intelligent dynamic traffic lights system control are sought for replacing classic conventional manual and time based systems. In this work a wireless sensors network is designed and implemented to feed real time data to the intelligent traffic lights systems control. A physical prototype is implemented for experimental validation outside laboratory environment. The physical prototype shows robustness against unexpected issues or local failures. Results are positive in the scope of the experiences made and promising in terms of extending the tests to larger areas

Concept and design of the hybrid distributed embedded systems testbed

Wireless mesh networks are an emerging and versatile communication technology. The most common application of these networks is to provide access of any number of users to the world wide Internet. They can be set up by Internet service providers or even individuals joined in communities. Due to the wireless medium that is shared by all participants, effects like short-time fading, or the multi-hop property of the network topology many issues are still in the focus of research. Testbeds are a powerful tool to study wireless mesh networks as close as possible to real world application scenarios. In this technical report we describe the design, architecture, and implementation of our work-in-progress wireless testbed at Freie Universität Berlin consisting of 100 mesh routers that span multiple buildings. The testbed is hybrid as it combines wireless mesh network routers with a wireless sensor network

Automatic monitoring and control of museums’ environment based on Wireless Sensor Networks

In museums, it is critical to properly conserve the existing artwork. For this purpose, it is fundamental to continuously monitor its environment, either in storage or exhibition rooms. Contrarily to traditional measuring equipments and procedures used in museums, the deployment of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) can help to implement these measurements continuously, in a real-time basis, and in a much easier and cheaper way. This is the main objective of the WISE-MUSE project, which proposes the use of WSNs for museums’ environmental and structural monitoring, and automatic environmental control. In this paper, the implementation and the main results of the WISE-MUSE project, which was carried out in a contemporary art museum, are described. Among other important contributions that will also be described in this paper, the development of a new wireless sensor node and a Web-based visualization tool, which bring some considerable advantages when compared with other commercially available solutions, are emphasized.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Performance analysis and application development of hybrid WiMAX-WiFi IP video surveillance systems

Traditional Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) analogue cameras installed in buildings and other areas of security interest necessitates the use of cable lines. However, analogue systems are limited by distance; and storing analogue data requires huge space or bandwidth. Wired systems are also prone to vandalism, they cannot be installed in a hostile terrain and in heritage sites, where cabling would distort original design. Currently, there is a paradigm shift towards wireless solutions (WiMAX, Wi-Fi, 3G, 4G) to complement and in some cases replace the wired system. A wireless solution of the Fourth-Generation Surveillance System (4GSS) has been proposed in this thesis. It is a hybrid WiMAX-WiFi video surveillance system. The performance analysis of the hybrid WiMAX-WiFi is compared with the conventional WiMAX surveillance models. The video surveillance models and the algorithm that exploit the advantages of both WiMAX and Wi-Fi for scenarios of fixed and mobile wireless cameras have been proposed, simulated and compared with the mathematical/analytical models. The hybrid WiMAX-WiFi video surveillance model has been extended to include a Wireless Mesh configuration on the Wi-Fi part, to improve the scalability and reliability. A performance analysis for hybrid WiMAX-WiFi system with an appropriate Mobility model has been considered for the case of mobile cameras. A security software application for mobile smartphones that sends surveillance images to either local or remote servers has been developed. The developed software has been tested, evaluated and deployed in low bandwidth Wi-Fi wireless network environments. WiMAX is a wireless metropolitan access network technology that provides broadband services to the connected customers. Major modules and units of WiMAX include the Customer Provided Equipment (CPE), the Access Service Network (ASN) which consist one or more Base Stations (BS) and the Connectivity Service Network (CSN). Various interfaces exist between each unit and module. WiMAX is based on the IEEE 802.16 family of standards. Wi-Fi, on the other hand, is a wireless access network operating in the local area network; and it is based on the IEEE 802.11 standards