722 research outputs found
Spectrum Monitoring Using Energy Ratio Algorithm For OFDM-Based Cognitive Radio Networks
This paper presents a spectrum monitoring algorithm for Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based cognitive radios by which the primary user
reappearance can be detected during the secondary user transmission. The
proposed technique reduces the frequency with which spectrum sensing must be
performed and greatly decreases the elapsed time between the start of a primary
transmission and its detection by the secondary network. This is done by
sensing the change in signal strength over a number of reserved OFDM
sub-carriers so that the reappearance of the primary user is quickly detected.
Moreover, the OFDM impairments such as power leakage, Narrow Band Interference
(NBI), and Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) are investigated and their impact
on the proposed technique is studied. Both analysis and simulation show that
the \emph{energy ratio} algorithm can effectively and accurately detect the
appearance of the primary user. Furthermore, our method achieves high immunity
to frequency-selective fading channels for both single and multiple receive
antenna systems, with a complexity that is approximately twice that of a
conventional energy detector
Performance Comparison of CP-OFDM and OQAM-OFDM Based WiFi Systems
In this contribution, a direct comparison of the Offset-QAM-OFDM (OQAM-OFDM)
and the Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM) scheme is given for an 802.11a based
system. Therefore, the chosen algorithms and choices of design are described
and evaluated as a whole system in terms of bit and frame error rate (BER/FER)
performance as well as spectral efficiency and complexity in the presence of
multipath propagation for different modulation orders. The results show that
the OQAM-OFDM scheme exhibits similar BER and FER performance at a 24% higher
spectral efficiency and achievable throughput at the cost of an up to five
times increased computational complexity.Comment: in Proceedings of the 16th International OFDM-Workshop, 2011 Hamburg,
German
Frequency Offset Estimation for OFDM Systems with a Novel Frequency Domain Training Sequence
A novel frequency domain training sequence and the corresponding carrier
frequency offset (CFO) estimator are proposed for orthogonal frequency division
multiplexing (OFDM) systems over frequency-selective fading channels. The
proposed frequency domain training sequence comprises two types of pilot tones,
namely distinctively spaced pilot tones with high energies and uniformly spaced
ones with low energies. Based on the distinctively spaced pilot tones, integer
CFO estimation is accomplished. After the subcarriers occupied by the
distinctively spaced pilot tones and their adjacent subcarriers are nulled for
the sake of interference cancellation, fractional CFO estimation is executed
according to the uniformly spaced pilot tones. By exploiting a predefined
lookup table making the best of the structure of the distinctively spaced pilot
tones, computational complexity of the proposed CFO estimator can be decreased
considerably. With the aid of the uniformly spaced pilot tones generated from
Chu sequence with cyclically orthogonal property, the ability of the proposed
estimator to combat multipath effect is enhanced to a great extent. Simulation
results illustrate the good performance of the proposed CFO estimator.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, IEICE Trans. Commun., 200
Design, Implementation and Characterization of a Cooperative Communications System
Cooperative communications is a class of techniques which seek to improve
reliability and throughput in wireless systems by pooling the resources of
distributed nodes. While cooperation can occur at different network layers and
time scales, physical layer cooperation at symbol time scales offers the
largest benefit in combating losses due to fading. However, symbol level
cooperation poses significant implementation challenges, especially in
synchronizing the behaviors and carrier frequencies of distributed nodes. We
present the implementation and characterization of a complete, real-time
cooperative physical layer transceiver built on the Rice Wireless Open-Access
Research Platform (WARP). In our implementation autonomous nodes employ
physical layer cooperation without a central synchronization source, and are
capable of selecting between non-cooperative and cooperative communication per
packet. Cooperative transmissions use a distributed Alamouti space-time block
code and employ either amplify-and-forward or decode-and-forward relaying. We
also present experimental results of our transceiver's real-time performance
under a variety of topologies and propagation conditions. Our results clearly
demonstrate significant performance gains (more than 40x improvement in PER in
some topologies) provided by physical layer cooperation, even when subject to
the constraints of a real-time implementation. We also present methodologies to
isolate and understand the sources of performance bottlenecks in our design. As
with all our work on WARP, our transceiver design and experimental framework
are available via the open-source WARP repository for use by other wireless
researchers.Comment: To appear in IEEE TV
Near Capacity Signaling over Fading Channels using Coherent Turbo Coded OFDM and Massive MIMO
The minimum average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) per bit required for
error-free transmission over a fading channel is derived, and is shown to be
equal to that of the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, which is
dB. Discrete-time algorithms are presented for timing and carrier
synchronization, as well as channel estimation, for turbo coded multiple input
multiple output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM)
systems. Simulation results show that it is possible to achieve a bit error
rate of at an average SNR per bit of 5.5 dB, using two transmit and
two receive antennas. We then propose a near-capacity signaling method in which
each transmit antenna uses a different carrier frequency. Using the
near-capacity approach, we show that it is possible to achieve a BER of
at an average SNR per bit of just 2.5 dB, with one receive
antenna for each transmit antenna. When the number of receive antennas for each
transmit antenna is increased to 128, then a BER of is
attained at an average SNR per bit of 1.25 dB. In all cases, the number of
transmit antennas is two and the spectral efficiency is 1 bit/transmission or 1
bit/sec/Hz. In other words, each transmit antenna sends 0.5 bit/transmission.
It is possible to obtain higher spectral efficiency by increasing the number of
transmit antennas, with no loss in BER performance, as long as each transmit
antenna uses a different carrier frequency. The transmitted signal spectrum for
the near-capacity approach can be restricted by pulse-shaping. In all the
simulations, a four-state turbo code is used. The corresponding turbo decoder
uses eight iterations. The algorithms can be implemented on programmable
hardware and there is a large scope for parallel processing.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables, journa
Full-Duplex GFDM Radio Transceivers in the Presence of Phase Noise, CFO and IQ Imbalance
This paper addresses the performance of a full-duplex (FD) generalized
frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) transceiver in the presence of radio
frequency (RF) impairments including phase noise, carrier frequency offset
(CFO) and in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) imbalance. We study analog and
digital self-interference (SI) cancellation and develop a complementary SI
suppression method. Closed-form solutions for the residual SI power and the
desired signal power and signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) are provided.
Simulation results show that the RF impairments degrade SI cancellation and FD
GFDM is more sensitive to them compares to FD orthogonal frequency division
multiplexing (OFDM). Hence, we propose an FD GFDM receiver filter for
maximizing the SIR. Significantly, it achieves 25 dB higher SIR than FD OFDM
transceiver
Near-Instantaneously Adaptive HSDPA-Style OFDM Versus MC-CDMA Transceivers for WIFI, WIMAX, and Next-Generation Cellular Systems
Burts-by-burst (BbB) adaptive high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) style multicarrier systems are reviewed, identifying their most critical design aspects. These systems exhibit numerous attractive features, rendering them eminently eligible for employment in next-generation wireless systems. It is argued that BbB-adaptive or symbol-by-symbol adaptive orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) modems counteract the near instantaneous channel quality variations and hence attain an increased throughput or robustness in comparison to their fixed-mode counterparts. Although they act quite differently, various diversity techniques, such as Rake receivers and space-time block coding (STBC) are also capable of mitigating the channel quality variations in their effort to reduce the bit error ratio (BER), provided that the individual antenna elements experience independent fading. By contrast, in the presence of correlated fading imposed by shadowing or time-variant multiuser interference, the benefits of space-time coding erode and it is unrealistic to expect that a fixed-mode space-time coded system remains capable of maintaining a near-constant BER
Preamble design using embedded signalling for OFDM broadcast systems based on reduced-complexity distance detection
The second generation digital terrestrial television broadcasting standard (DVB-T2) adopts the so-called P1 symbol as the preamble for initial synchronization. The P1 symbol also carries a number of basic transmission parameters, including the fast Fourier transform size and the single-input/single-output as well as multiple-input/single-output mode, in order to appropriately configure the receiver for carrying out the subsequent processing. In this contribution, an improved preamble design is proposed, where a pair of training sequences is inserted in the frequency domain and their distance is used for transmission parameter signalling. At the receiver, only a low-complexity correlator is required for the detection of the signalling. Both the coarse carrier frequency offset and the signalling can be simultaneously estimated by detecting the above-mentioned correlation. Compared to the standardised P1 symbol, the proposed preamble design significantly reduces the complexity of the receiver while retaining high robustness in frequency-selective fading channels. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the proposed preamble design achieves a better signalling performance than the standardised P1 symbol, despite reducing the numbers of multiplications and additions by about 40% and 20%, respectively
Building a Cooperative Communications System
In this paper, we present the results from over-the-air experiments of a
complete implementation of an amplify and forward cooperative communications
system. Our custom OFDM-based physical layer uses a distributed version of the
Alamouti block code, where the relay sends one branch of Alamouti encoded
symbols. First we show analytically and experimentally that amplify and forward
protocols are unaffected by carrier frequency offsets at the relay. This result
allows us to use a conventional Alamouti receiver without change for the
distributed relay system. Our full system implementation shows gains up to
5.5dB in peak power constrained networks. Thus, we can conclusively state that
even the simplest form of relaying can lead to significant gains in practical
implementations
Blind Estimation of Multiple Carrier Frequency Offsets
Multiple carrier-frequency offsets (CFO) arise in a distributed antenna
system, where data are transmitted simultaneously from multiple antennas. In
such systems the received signal contains multiple CFOs due to mismatch between
the local oscillators of transmitters and receiver. This results in a
time-varying rotation of the data constellation, which needs to be compensated
for at the receiver before symbol recovery. This paper proposes a new approach
for blind CFO estimation and symbol recovery. The received base-band signal is
over-sampled, and its polyphase components are used to formulate a virtual
Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) problem. By applying blind MIMO system
estimation techniques, the system response is estimated and used to
subsequently transform the multiple CFOs estimation problem into many
independent single CFO estimation problems. Furthermore, an initial estimate of
the CFO is obtained from the phase of the MIMO system response. The Cramer-Rao
Lower bound is also derived, and the large sample performance of the proposed
estimator is compared to the bound.Comment: To appear in the Proceedings of the 18th Annual IEEE International
Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC),
Athens, Greece, September 3-7, 200
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