Performance and Detection of M-ary Frequency Shift Keying in Triple Layer Wireless Sensor Network

This paper proposes an innovative triple layer Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) system, which monitors M-ary events like temperature, pressure, humidity, etc. with the help of geographically distributed sensors. The sensors convey signals to the fusion centre using M-ary Frequency Shift Keying (MFSK)modulation scheme over independent Rayleigh fading channels. At the fusion centre, detection takes place with the help of Selection Combining (SC) diversity scheme, which assures a simple and economical receiver circuitry. With the aid of various simulations, the performance and efficacy of the system has been analyzed by varying modulation levels, number of local sensors and probability of correct detection by the sensors. The study endeavors to prove that triple layer WSN system is an economical and dependable system capable of correct detection of M-ary events by integrating frequency diversity together with antenna diversity.Comment: 13 pages; International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC) Vol.4, No.4, July 201

Performance Analysis for Multichannel Reception of OOFSK Signaling

In this paper, the error performance of on-off frequency shift keying (OOFSK) modulation over fading channels is analyzed when the receiver is equipped with multiple antennas. The analysis is conducted in two cases: the coherent scenario where the fading is perfectly known at the receiver, and the noncoherent scenario where neither the receiver nor the transmitter knows the fading coefficients. For both cases, the maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) detection rule is derived and analytical probability of error expressions are obtained. The effect of fading correlation among the receiver antennas is also studied. Simulation results indicate that for sufficiently low duty cycle values, lower probability of error values with respect to FSK signaling are achieved. Equivalently, when compared to FSK modulation, OOFSK with low duty cycle requires less energy to achieve the same probability of error, which renders this modulation a more energy efficient transmission technique.Comment: Proc. of the 2007 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conferenc

Display probability of symbol errors for MQAM on Rician fading channel based on MGF method

We present a new method for calculating the probability of error per symbol (Symbol Error Probability, SEP) of M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (MQAM) over a slow, flat, identically independently distributed Rician fading channels. Since fading is one of the major constraints in wireless communications, the diversity modulation technique is used for the efficient transfer of message signals. Exact analysis of error probability per symbol for MQAM, transmitted over Rician fading channels, is performed by N branches of diversity reception using maximum ratio of signal-to-noise power (maximal-ratio-combining, MRC), where the information in the channel on the receiver side is known. We also analyzed the performances of MQAM over Rician fading channels are here also analyzed. Approximate formula is used to represent SEP for MQAM transmitted over Gaussian channels. Boundary condition for the approximation is M≥4 and 0≤SNR≤30 dB

Display probability of symbol errors for MQAM on Rician fading channel based on MGF method

We present a new method for calculating the probability of error per symbol (Symbol Error Probability, SEP) of M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (MQAM) over a slow, flat, identically independently distributed Rician fading channels. Since fading is one of the major constraints in wireless communications, the diversity modulation technique is used for the efficient transfer of message signals. Exact analysis of error probability per symbol for MQAM, transmitted over Rician fading channels, is performed by N branches of diversity reception using maximum ratio of signal-to-noise power (maximal-ratio-combining, MRC), where the information in the channel on the receiver side is known. We also analyzed the performances of MQAM over Rician fading channels are here also analyzed. Approximate formula is used to represent SEP for MQAM transmitted over Gaussian channels. Boundary condition for the approximation is M≥4 and 0≤SNR≤30 dB

BER of MRC for M-QAM with imperfect channel estimation over correlated Nakagami-m fading

In this contribution, we provide an exact BER analysis for M-QAM transmission over arbitrarily correlated Nakagami-m fading channels with maximal-ratio combining (MRC) and imperfect channel estimation at the receiver. Assuming an arbitrary joint fading distribution and a generic pilot-based channel estimation method, we derive an exact BER expression that involves an expectation over (at most) 4 variables, irrespective of the number of receive antennas. The resulting BER expression includes well-known PDFs and the PDF of only the norm of the channel vector. In order to obtain the latter PDF for arbitrarily correlated Nakagami-m fading, several approaches from the literature are discussed. For identically distributed and arbitrarily correlated Nakagami-m channels with integer m, we present several BER performance results, which are obtained from numerical evaluation and confirmed by straightforward computer simulations. The numerical evaluation of the exact BER expression turns out to be much less time-consuming than the computer simulations

Symbol Error Rate Analysis of M-QAM with Equal Gain Combining Over A Mobile Satellite Channel

Mobile Satellite Communications (MSC) have become an essential part of the world telecommunication infrastructure. However, the systems suffer from multipath propagation effects. In this paper, error analysis of M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) with Equal Gain Combiner (EGC) over mobile satellite channel was carried out. The satellite channel was modelled as the product of Rayleigh and Ricians. This was then used to develop a system model for the received signal which was simulated and evaluated in terms of Average Symbol Error Rate (ASER) using the exact closed-form expression derived from moment generating function (MGF) and Padé Approximants (PA) theory. The results showed that at 16dB, Rician factor ‘k’=0, ASER obtained are 41.83%, 18.56% and 10.81% for paths ‘L’ = 2, 3, 4 respectively. ASER values reduced as ‘k’ increased. The results are in agreement with the simulation.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v3i6.434

Performance of Asynchronous MC-CDMA Systems with Maximal Ratio Combining in Frequency-Selective Fading Channels

The bit error rate (BER) performance of the asynchronous uplink channel of multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems with maximal ratio combining (MRC) is analyzed. The study takes into account the effects of channel path correlations in generalized frequency-selective fading channels. Closed-form BER expressions are developed for correlated Nakagami fading channels with arbitrary fading parameters. For channels with correlated Rician fading paths, the BER formula developed is in one-dimensional integration form with finite integration limits, which is also easy to evaluate. The accuracy of the derived BER formulas are verified by computer simulations. The derived BER formulas are also useful in terms of computing other system performance measures such as error floor and user capacity