564 research outputs found
An architecture for distributed ledger-based M2M auditing for Electric Autonomous Vehicles
Electric Autonomous Vehicles (EAVs) promise to be an effective way to solve
transportation issues such as accidents, emissions and congestion, and aim at
establishing the foundation of Machine-to-Machine (M2M) economy. For this to be
possible, the market should be able to offer appropriate charging services
without involving humans. The state-of-the-art mechanisms of charging and
billing do not meet this requirement, and often impose service fees for value
transactions that may also endanger users and their location privacy. This
paper aims at filling this gap and envisions a new charging architecture and a
billing framework for EAV which would enable M2M transactions via the use of
Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT)
SoK: Diving into DAG-based Blockchain Systems
Blockchain plays an important role in cryptocurrency markets and technology
services. However, limitations on high latency and low scalability retard their
adoptions and applications in classic designs. Reconstructed blockchain systems
have been proposed to avoid the consumption of competitive transactions caused
by linear sequenced blocks. These systems, instead, structure
transactions/blocks in the form of Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) and
consequently re-build upper layer components including consensus, incentives,
\textit{etc.} The promise of DAG-based blockchain systems is to enable fast
confirmation (complete transactions within million seconds) and high
scalability (attach transactions in parallel) without significantly
compromising security. However, this field still lacks systematic work that
summarises the DAG technique. To bridge the gap, this Systematization of
Knowledge (SoK) provides a comprehensive analysis of DAG-based blockchain
systems. Through deconstructing open-sourced systems and reviewing academic
researches, we conclude the main components and featured properties of systems,
and provide the approach to establish a DAG. With this in hand, we analyze the
security and performance of several leading systems, followed by discussions
and comparisons with concurrent (scaling blockchain) techniques. We further
identify open challenges to highlight the potentiality of DAG-based solutions
and indicate their promising directions for future research.Comment: Full versio
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