Mapping DSP algorithms to a reconfigurable architecture Adaptive Wireless Networking (AWGN)

This report will discuss the Adaptive Wireless Networking project. The vision of the Adaptive Wireless Networking project will be given. The strategy of the project will be the implementation of multiple communication systems in dynamically reconfigurable heterogeneous hardware. An overview of a wireless LAN communication system, namely HiperLAN/2, and a Bluetooth communication system will be given. Possible implementations of these systems in a dynamically reconfigurable architecture are discussed. Suggestions for future activities in the Adaptive Wireless Networking project are also given

Energy-Delay Tradeoff and Dynamic Sleep Switching for Bluetooth-Like Body-Area Sensor Networks

Wireless technology enables novel approaches to healthcare, in particular the remote monitoring of vital signs and other parameters indicative of people's health. This paper considers a system scenario relevant to such applications, where a smart-phone acts as a data-collecting hub, gathering data from a number of wireless-capable body sensors, and relaying them to a healthcare provider host through standard existing cellular networks. Delay of critical data and sensors' energy efficiency are both relevant and conflicting issues. Therefore, it is important to operate the wireless body-area sensor network at some desired point close to the optimal energy-delay tradeoff curve. This tradeoff curve is a function of the employed physical-layer protocol: in particular, it depends on the multiple-access scheme and on the coding and modulation schemes available. In this work, we consider a protocol closely inspired by the widely-used Bluetooth standard. First, we consider the calculation of the minimum energy function, i.e., the minimum sum energy per symbol that guarantees the stability of all transmission queues in the network. Then, we apply the general theory developed by Neely to develop a dynamic scheduling policy that approaches the optimal energy-delay tradeoff for the network at hand. Finally, we examine the queue dynamics and propose a novel policy that adaptively switches between connected and disconnected (sleeping) modes. We demonstrate that the proposed policy can achieve significant gains in the realistic case where the control "NULL" packets necessary to maintain the connection alive, have a non-zero energy cost, and the data arrival statistics corresponding to the sensed physical process are bursty.Comment: Extended version (with proofs details in the Appendix) of a paper accepted for publication on the IEEE Transactions on Communication

Capacity -based parameter optimization of bandwidth constrained CPM

Continuous phase modulation (CPM) is an attractive modulation choice for bandwidth limited systems due to its small side lobes, fast spectral decay and the ability to be noncoherently detected. Furthermore, the constant envelope property of CPM permits highly power efficient amplification. The design of bit-interleaved coded continuous phase modulation is characterized by the code rate, modulation order, modulation index, and pulse shape. This dissertation outlines a methodology for determining the optimal values of these parameters under bandwidth and receiver complexity constraints. The cost function used to drive the optimization is the information-theoretic minimum ratio of energy-per-bit to noise-spectral density found by evaluating the constrained channel capacity. The capacity can be reliably estimated using Monte Carlo integration. A search for optimal parameters is conducted over a range of coded CPM parameters, bandwidth efficiencies, and channels. Results are presented for a system employing a trellis-based coherent detector. To constrain complexity and allow any modulation index to be considered, a soft output differential phase detector has also been developed.;Building upon the capacity results, extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts are used to analyze a system that iterates between demodulation and decoding. Convergence thresholds are determined for the iterative system for different outer convolutional codes, alphabet sizes, modulation indices and constellation mappings. These are used to identify the code and modulation parameters with the best energy efficiency at different spectral efficiencies for the AWGN channel. Finally, bit error rate curves are presented to corroborate the capacity and EXIT chart designs

Secure Bluetooth Communication in Smart Healthcare Systems: A Novel Community Dataset and Intrusion Detection System †

© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Smart health presents an ever-expanding attack surface due to the continuous adoption of a broad variety of Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices and applications. IoMT is a common approach to smart city solutions that deliver long-term benefits to critical infrastructures, such as smart healthcare. Many of the IoMT devices in smart cities use Bluetooth technology for short-range communication due to its flexibility, low resource consumption, and flexibility. As smart healthcare applications rely on distributed control optimization, artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) offer effective approaches to mitigate cyber-attacks. This paper presents a decentralized, predictive, DL-based process to autonomously detect and block malicious traffic and provide an end-to-end defense against network attacks in IoMT devices. Furthermore, we provide the BlueTack dataset for Bluetooth-based attacks against IoMT networks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first intrusion detection dataset for Bluetooth classic and Bluetooth low energy (BLE). Using the BlueTack dataset, we devised a multi-layer intrusion detection method that uses deep-learning techniques. We propose a decentralized architecture for deploying this intrusion detection system on the edge nodes of a smart healthcare system that may be deployed in a smart city. The presented multi-layer intrusion detection models achieve performances in the range of 97–99.5% based on the F1 scores.Peer reviewe

Security in smart home environment

This chapter presents the concept of Smart Home, describes the Smart Home networking technologies and discusses the main issues for ensuring security in a Smart Home environment. Nowadays, the integration of current communication and information technologies within the dwelling has led to the emergence of Smart Homes. These technologies facilitate the building of Smart Home environments in which devices and systems can communicate with each other and can be controlled automatically in order to interact with the household members and improve the quality of their life. However, the nature of Smart Home environment, the fact that it is always connected to the outside world via Internet and the open security back doors derived from the household members raise many security concerns. Finally, by reviewing the existing literature regarding Smart Homes and security issues that exist in Smart Home environments, the authors envisage to provide a base to broaden the research in Smart Home security

Comunicações sem-fios de tempo-real para ambientes abertos

Doutoramento em Engenharia InformáticaWireless communication technologies have become widely adopted, appearing in heterogeneous applications ranging from tracking victims, responders and equipments in disaster scenarios to machine health monitoring in networked manufacturing systems. Very often, applications demand a strictly bounded timing response, which, in distributed systems, is generally highly dependent on the performance of the underlying communication technology. These systems are said to have real-time timeliness requirements since data communication must be conducted within predefined temporal bounds, whose unfulfillment may compromise the correct behavior of the system and cause economic losses or endanger human lives. The potential adoption of wireless technologies for an increasingly broad range of application scenarios has made the operational requirements more complex and heterogeneous than before for wired technologies. On par with this trend, there is an increasing demand for the provision of cost-effective distributed systems with improved deployment, maintenance and adaptation features. These systems tend to require operational flexibility, which can only be ensured if the underlying communication technology provides both time and event triggered data transmission services while supporting on-line, on-the-fly parameter modification. Generally, wireless enabled applications have deployment requirements that can only be addressed through the use of batteries and/or energy harvesting mechanisms for power supply. These applications usually have stringent autonomy requirements and demand a small form factor, which hinders the use of large batteries. As the communication support may represent a significant part of the energy requirements of a station, the use of power-hungry technologies is not adequate. Hence, in such applications, low-range technologies have been widely adopted. In fact, although low range technologies provide smaller data rates, they spend just a fraction of the energy of their higher-power counterparts. The timeliness requirements of data communications, in general, can be met by ensuring the availability of the medium for any station initiating a transmission. In controlled (close) environments this can be guaranteed, as there is a strict regulation of which stations are installed in the area and for which purpose. Nevertheless, in open environments, this is hard to control because no a priori abstract knowledge is available of which stations and technologies may contend for the medium at any given instant. Hence, the support of wireless real-time communications in unmanaged scenarios is a highly challenging task. Wireless low-power technologies have been the focus of a large research effort, for example, in the Wireless Sensor Network domain. Although bringing extended autonomy to battery powered stations, such technologies are known to be negatively influenced by similar technologies contending for the medium and, especially, by technologies using higher power transmissions over the same frequency bands. A frequency band that is becoming increasingly crowded with competing technologies is the 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical band, encompassing, for example, Bluetooth and ZigBee, two lowpower communication standards which are the base of several real-time protocols. Although these technologies employ mechanisms to improve their coexistence, they are still vulnerable to transmissions from uncoordinated stations with similar technologies or to higher power technologies such as Wi- Fi, which hinders the support of wireless dependable real-time communications in open environments. The Wireless Flexible Time-Triggered Protocol (WFTT) is a master/multi-slave protocol that builds on the flexibility and timeliness provided by the FTT paradigm and on the deterministic medium capture and maintenance provided by the bandjacking technique. This dissertation presents the WFTT protocol and argues that it allows supporting wireless real-time communication services with high dependability requirements in open environments where multiple contention-based technologies may dispute the medium access. Besides, it claims that it is feasible to provide flexible and timely wireless communications at the same time in open environments. The WFTT protocol was inspired on the FTT paradigm, from which higher layer services such as, for example, admission control has been ported. After realizing that bandjacking was an effective technique to ensure the medium access and maintenance in open environments crowded with contention-based communication technologies, it was recognized that the mechanism could be used to devise a wireless medium access protocol that could bring the features offered by the FTT paradigm to the wireless domain. The performance of the WFTT protocol is reported in this dissertation with a description of the implemented devices, the test-bed and a discussion of the obtained results.As tecnologias de comunicação sem fios tornaram-se amplamente adoptadas, surgindo em aplicações heterógeneas que vão desde a localização de vítimas, pessoal médico e equipamentos em cenários de desastre à monitorização da condição física de máquinas em ambientes industrials. Muito frequentemente, as aplicações exigem uma resposta limitada no tempo que, geralmente, em sistemas distribuídos, é substancialmente dependente do desempenho da tecnologia de comunicação utilizada. Estes sistemas tendem a possuir requisitos de tempo-real uma vez que a comunicação de dados tem de ser conduzida dentro de limites temporais pré-definidos que, quando não cumpridos, podem comprometer o correcto funcionamento do sistema e resultar em perdas económicas ou colocar em risco vidas humanas. A potencial adopção de tecnologias sem-fios para um crescente número de cenários traduz-se num aumento da complexidade e heterogeneidade dos requisitos operacionais relativamente às tecnologias cabladas. A acompanhar esta tendência verifica-se uma crescente procura de sistemas distribuídos, caracterizados quer por uma boa relação custo-eficácia, quer pela simplicidade de instalação, manutenção e adaptação. Ao mesmo tempo, estes sistemas tendem a requerer flexibilidade operacional, que apenas pode ser assegurada se a tecnlogia de comunicação empregue supportar transmissões de dados dispoletadas quer por eventos (event-triggered), quer por tempo (timetriggered) e se, ao mesmo tempo, em funcionamento, permitir a alteração dos parâmetros de comunicação correspondentes. Frequentemente, as aplicações com comunicações sem fios caracterizam-se por exigências de instalação que apenas podem ser endereçadas usando alimentação através de baterias e/ou mecanismos de recolha de energia do ambiente envolvente. Estas aplicações têm tipicamente requisitos exigentes de autonomia e de tamanho, impedindo o recurso a baterias de grande dimensão. Dado que o suporte de comunicações pode representar uma parte significativa dos requisitos de energia da estação, o uso de tecnologias de comunicação de elevado consumo não é adequado. Desta forma, nestas aplicações, as tecnologias de comunicação de curto-alcance tornaram-se amplamente adoptadas uma vez que, apesar de se caracterizarem por taxas de transmissão inferiores, consomem apenas uma fracção da energia das tecnologias de maior alcance. resumo Em geral, os requisitos de pontualidade da comunicação de dados podem ser cumpridos através da garantia da disponibilidade do meio no instante em que qualquer estação inicie uma transmissão. Em ambientes controlados esta disponibilidade pode ser garantida, na medida em que existe um controlo de quais as estações que foram instaladas na área e qual a sua função. Contrariamente, em ambientes abertos, tal controlo é difícil de garantir uma vez que não existe conhecimento a priori de que estações ou tecnologias podem competir pelo meio, tornando o suporte de comunicações de temporeal um desafio difícil de implementar em cenários com estações de comunicação não controladas. As comunicações de baixo consumo têm sido o foco de um esforço de investigação bastante amplo, por exemplo, no domínio das redes de sensores sem fios. Embora possam permitir uma maior autonomia a estações baseadas em baterias, estas tecnologias são reconhecidas como sendo negativamente influenciadas por tecnologias semelhantes competindo pelo mesmo meio e, em particular, por tecnologias que utilizem níveis de potência de transmissão mais elevados em bandas de frequências comuns. De forma cada vez mais acentuada, a banda industrial, científica e médica (ISM) dos 2.4 GHz tem-se tornado mais saturada com tecnologias que competem entre si pelo acesso ao meio tais como, por exemplo, Bluetooth e ZigBee, dois padrões de comunicação que são a base de vários protocolos de tempo-real. Apesar destas tecnologias aplicarem mecanismos para melhorar a sua coexistência, são vulneráveis a transmissões de estações não controladas que usem as mesmas tecnologias ou que usem tecnologias com níveis de potência de transmissão mais elevados, impedindo, desta forma, o suporte de comunicações de tempo-real fiáveis em ambientes abertos. O protocolo de comunicação sem fios flexível disparado por tempo (WFTT) é baseado numa arquitectura mestre/múltiplo escravo alavancado na flexibilidade e pontualidade promovidas pelo paradigma FTT e na captura e manutenção determinística do meio suportadas pela técnica de bandjacking (captura de banda). Esta tese apresenta o protocolo WFTT e argumenta que este permite suportar serviços de comunicação de tempo-real com requisitos elevados de fiabilidade em ambientes abertos onde várias tecnologias de comunicação baseadas em contenção disputam o acesso ao meio. Adicionalmente, esta tese reivindica que é possível suportar comunicações sem-fios simultaneamente flexíveis e pontuais em ambientes abertos. O protocolo WFTT foi inspirado no paradigma FTT, do qual importa os serviços de alto nível como, por exemplo, o controlo de admissão. Após a observação da eficácia da técnica de bandjacking em assegurar o acesso ao meio e a correspondente manutenção, foi reconhecida a possibilidade de utilização deste mecanismo para o desenvolvimento de um protocolo de acesso ao meio, capaz de oferecer as funcionalidades do paradigma FTT em meios de comunicação sem-fios. O desempenho do protocolo WFTT é reportado nesta tese com uma descrição dos dispositivos implementados, da bancada de ensaios desenvolvida e dos resultados obtidos

Issues Related to Network Security

As wireless technologies are becoming increasingly easier and cheaper to use, the frequency with which they are implemented in networks is also rising. There are many issues related to wireless technology and its security that are affecting these networks. The security solutions available are not always implemented properly and/or users are simply unaware of the security risks involved. In this project I will discuss about the wireless technologies available, equipment need to install, cost involved to create a small wireless network used in offices and home. Then I will be discussing various security issue related to the network, types of solutions available in market and cost effectiveness of the solution for our small network. Then I will be using some tools available like GFI LANgaurd Network Security Scanner 6.0 to test our network and other network available on our campus. This tools are used to check whether wireless/LAN networks are vulnerable to attacks, are the network open to the public. Finally a full report of the network will be generated and will be use to secure the network for the loop holes that can be easy attacked from the outside world, thus providing additional security to the network

Feedback Control of a Hovercraft over a Wireless Link

Nonlinear underactuated systems (i.e. systems with fewer control inputs than configuration variables) present significant challenges for automatic control. This thesis explores feedback control of an underactuated hovercraft over a wireless communication channel using techniques from nonlinear control theory. A family of control laws stabilizing the hovercraft <em>reduced dynamics</em> - including zero velocity, constant forward/reverse velocity, and constant angular velocity stabilization - are derived. Lyapunov arguments are used to prove convergence of the reduced dynamics under the control laws. It is shown that heading cannot be stabilized by a continuously differentiable state feedback law. In response, two hybrid control algorithms for heading stabilization are proposed. The control laws are demonstrated on a real R/C hovercraft using a distributed autopilot and a Bluetooth network. A two-dimensional aided INS is developed using a MEMs IMU and the "Cricket" RF/ultrasonic ranging system. Experimental and simulated results from a high-fidelity model are shown to agree nicely

ANÁLISIS Y COMPRESIÓN DE SEÑALES NEURONALES PARA SU TRANSMISIÓN INALÁMBRICA

Esta tesina ofrece un estudio sobre un sistema para la captación, compresión y transmisión inalámbrica de las señales neuronales, en el que destaca la movilidad que ofrece la transmisión inalámbrica ya que permitirá tanto la realización de experimentos "in-vivo", como el desarrollo de dispositivos implantables sin los inconvenientes del cableado.Traver Sebastiá, L. (2007). ANÁLISIS Y COMPRESIÓN DE SEÑALES NEURONALES PARA SU TRANSMISIÓN INALÁMBRICA. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/12540Archivo delegad

Sustainable Adoption of Connected Vehicles in the Brazilian Landscape: Policies, Technical Specifications and Challenges

This review addresses the intervehicular communication in Connected Vehicles (CV) by emphasizing V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle) and V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure) communications in terms of evolution, current standards, state-of-the-art studies, embedded devices, simulation, trends, challenges, and relevant legislation. This review is based on studies conducted from 2009 to 2019, government reports about the sustainable deployment of these technologies and their adoption in the Brazilian automotive market. Moreover, WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment) and DSRC (Dedicated Short-range Communication) standards, the performance analysis of communication parameters and intervehicular available at the market are also described. The current status of ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) development in Brazil was reviewed, as well as the research institutes and governmental actions focused on introducing the concept of connected vehicles into the society. The Brazilian outlook for technological adoption concerning CVs was also discussed. Moreover, challenges related to technical aspects, safety and environmental issues, and the standardization for vehicle communication are also described. Finally, this review highlights the challenges and proposals from available technologies devoted to the roads and vehicular infrastructure communication, their evolution and upcoming trends