Advanced Geoscience Remote Sensing

Nowadays, advanced remote sensing technology plays tremendous roles to build a quantitative and comprehensive understanding of how the Earth system operates. The advanced remote sensing technology is also used widely to monitor and survey the natural disasters and man-made pollution. Besides, telecommunication is considered as precise advanced remote sensing technology tool. Indeed precise usages of remote sensing and telecommunication without a comprehensive understanding of mathematics and physics. This book has three parts (i) microwave remote sensing applications, (ii) nuclear, geophysics and telecommunication; and (iii) environment remote sensing investigations

Flood dynamics derived from video remote sensing

Flooding is by far the most pervasive natural hazard, with the human impacts of floods expected to worsen in the coming decades due to climate change. Hydraulic models are a key tool for understanding flood dynamics and play a pivotal role in unravelling the processes that occur during a flood event, including inundation flow patterns and velocities. In the realm of river basin dynamics, video remote sensing is emerging as a transformative tool that can offer insights into flow dynamics and thus, together with other remotely sensed data, has the potential to be deployed to estimate discharge. Moreover, the integration of video remote sensing data with hydraulic models offers a pivotal opportunity to enhance the predictive capacity of these models. Hydraulic models are traditionally built with accurate terrain, flow and bathymetric data and are often calibrated and validated using observed data to obtain meaningful and actionable model predictions. Data for accurately calibrating and validating hydraulic models are not always available, leaving the assessment of the predictive capabilities of some models deployed in flood risk management in question. Recent advances in remote sensing have heralded the availability of vast video datasets of high resolution. The parallel evolution of computing capabilities, coupled with advancements in artificial intelligence are enabling the processing of data at unprecedented scales and complexities, allowing us to glean meaningful insights into datasets that can be integrated with hydraulic models. The aims of the research presented in this thesis were twofold. The first aim was to evaluate and explore the potential applications of video from air- and space-borne platforms to comprehensively calibrate and validate two-dimensional hydraulic models. The second aim was to estimate river discharge using satellite video combined with high resolution topographic data. In the first of three empirical chapters, non-intrusive image velocimetry techniques were employed to estimate river surface velocities in a rural catchment. For the first time, a 2D hydraulicvmodel was fully calibrated and validated using velocities derived from Unpiloted Aerial Vehicle (UAV) image velocimetry approaches. This highlighted the value of these data in mitigating the limitations associated with traditional data sources used in parameterizing two-dimensional hydraulic models. This finding inspired the subsequent chapter where river surface velocities, derived using Large Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV), and flood extents, derived using deep neural network-based segmentation, were extracted from satellite video and used to rigorously assess the skill of a two-dimensional hydraulic model. Harnessing the ability of deep neural networks to learn complex features and deliver accurate and contextually informed flood segmentation, the potential value of satellite video for validating two dimensional hydraulic model simulations is exhibited. In the final empirical chapter, the convergence of satellite video imagery and high-resolution topographical data bridges the gap between visual observations and quantitative measurements by enabling the direct extraction of velocities from video imagery, which is used to estimate river discharge. Overall, this thesis demonstrates the significant potential of emerging video-based remote sensing datasets and offers approaches for integrating these data into hydraulic modelling and discharge estimation practice. The incorporation of LSPIV techniques into flood modelling workflows signifies a methodological progression, especially in areas lacking robust data collection infrastructure. Satellite video remote sensing heralds a major step forward in our ability to observe river dynamics in real time, with potentially significant implications in the domain of flood modelling science

Maintenance Management of Wind Turbines

“Maintenance Management of Wind Turbines” considers the main concepts and the state-of-the-art, as well as advances and case studies on this topic. Maintenance is a critical variable in industry in order to reach competitiveness. It is the most important variable, together with operations, in the wind energy industry. Therefore, the correct management of corrective, predictive and preventive politics in any wind turbine is required. The content also considers original research works that focus on content that is complementary to other sub-disciplines, such as economics, finance, marketing, decision and risk analysis, engineering, etc., in the maintenance management of wind turbines. This book focuses on real case studies. These case studies concern topics such as failure detection and diagnosis, fault trees and subdisciplines (e.g., FMECA, FMEA, etc.) Most of them link these topics with financial, schedule, resources, downtimes, etc., in order to increase productivity, profitability, maintainability, reliability, safety, availability, and reduce costs and downtime, etc., in a wind turbine. Advances in mathematics, models, computational techniques, dynamic analysis, etc., are employed in analytics in maintenance management in this book. Finally, the book considers computational techniques, dynamic analysis, probabilistic methods, and mathematical optimization techniques that are expertly blended to support the analysis of multi-criteria decision-making problems with defined constraints and requirements

Space and Earth Sciences, Computer Systems, and Scientific Data Analysis Support, Volume 1

This Final Progress Report covers the specific technical activities of Hughes STX Corporation for the last contract triannual period of 1 June through 30 Sep. 1993, in support of assigned task activities at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). It also provides a brief summary of work throughout the contract period of performance on each active task. Technical activity is presented in Volume 1, while financial and level-of-effort data is presented in Volume 2. Technical support was provided to all Division and Laboratories of Goddard's Space Sciences and Earth Sciences Directorates. Types of support include: scientific programming, systems programming, computer management, mission planning, scientific investigation, data analysis, data processing, data base creation and maintenance, instrumentation development, and management services. Mission and instruments supported include: ROSAT, Astro-D, BBXRT, XTE, AXAF, GRO, COBE, WIND, UIT, SMM, STIS, HEIDI, DE, URAP, CRRES, Voyagers, ISEE, San Marco, LAGEOS, TOPEX/Poseidon, Pioneer-Venus, Galileo, Cassini, Nimbus-7/TOMS, Meteor-3/TOMS, FIFE, BOREAS, TRMM, AVHRR, and Landsat. Accomplishments include: development of computing programs for mission science and data analysis, supercomputer applications support, computer network support, computational upgrades for data archival and analysis centers, end-to-end management for mission data flow, scientific modeling and results in the fields of space and Earth physics, planning and design of GSFC VO DAAC and VO IMS, fabrication, assembly, and testing of mission instrumentation, and design of mission operations center

Nowcasting probabilísitico basado en observaciones de lluvia con radar meteorológico

The nowcasting of rainfall based on the extrapolation of the radar precipitation field is a common technique used in different operational and research centers. However, this deterministic forecasting technique is subject to different sources of uncertainty that should be taken into account. It is known with quite certainty that a storm will occur somewhere, but its exact devolepment in time and space is not known, therfore including a probabilistic approach in nowcasting allows us to characterize the different sources of uncertainty. In this case, instead of a single amount of rainfall, a probability value is predicted for each point in the domain to find a certain rainfall intensity. In this sense, the main objectives of this thesis are: - to compare and evaluate a set of nowcasting techniques based on radar precipitation observations, - to improve SBMcast probabilistic nowcasting technique, - to develop a new nowcasting algotithm that allows the incorporation of precipitation information of the NWP model to those obtained from the observations of radar precipitation. The set of probabilistic forecasting techniques that are evaluated can be separated into two blocks: those based only on forecasting the distribution function of the precipitation field at each point of the domain and those that calculate the predicted distribution function at each point of the domain from a set of precipitation fields compatible with the observations. To assess their skill in different meteorological situations, an evaluation and verification system is established that allows quantifying the degree of accuracy for different precipitation thresholds. Within this context, a new version of SBMcast is proposed that allows to use a space-time model for each of the spatial scales that form the precipitation field. Another aspect that is studied in this thesis is the impact of estimates of the global mean (IMF) and coverage (WAR) of the precipitation field prediction ability in the two nowcasting techniques, Lagrangian persistence and new version of SBMcast. Also included is a new approach to improve forecasting of the IMF-WAR using NWP model. Finally, a new probabilistic rainfall forecasting technique is proposed based on ensembles that allows to combine the information of each point of the domain provided by the NWP model with the probabilistic forecasts of the new version of SBMcast. The objective is to identify the regions where rainfall growth and decay is most likely to occur through NWP model information and to determine future forecasts to these locations of the observation domain.La previsión de lluvia a muy corto plazo basada en la extrapolación del campo de precipitación radar es una técnica habitual utilizada en distintos centros operacionales y de investigación. Sin embargo, esta técnica de previsión determinista esta sujeta a diferentes fuentes de incertidumbre que deben tenerse en cuenta. Se sabe con bastante certeza que una tormenta se desarrollará en algún sitio, pero se desconoce cual será su posición exacta en tiempo y en espacio, por lo tanto incluir un enfoque probabilístico en las previsiones de lluvia permite caracterizar las diferentes fuentes de incertidumbre. En este caso, en lugar de prever en cada punto del dominio un valor de intensidad de precipitación se calcula la probabilidad de obtener dicha intensidad de lluvia. En este sentido, los principales objetivos de esta tesis son: - comparar y evaluar un conjunto de técnicas de nowcasting basadas en observaciones de precipitación radar, - mejorar la técnica de previsión probabilística SBMcast, - desarrollar una nueva técnica de previsión que permita incorporar la información sobre la precipitación del modelo NWP a las obtenidas a partir de las observaciones de precipitación radar. El conjunto de técnicas de previsión probabilísticas que se evalúan se pueden separar en dos bloques: los que se basan únicamente en la previsión de la función de distribución del campo de precipitación en cada punto del dominio y los que calculan la función de distribución prevista en cada punto del dominio a partir de un conjunto de campos de precipitación compatibles con las observaciones. Para conocer su habilidad en diferentes situaciones meteorológicas se fija un sistema de evaluación y verificación que permite cuantificar el grado de acierto para distintos umbrales de precipitación. Dentro de este contexto, se propone una nueva versión de SBMcast que permite utilizar un modelo espacio-temporal para cada una de las escalas espaciales que forman el campo de precipitación. Otro aspecto que se ha estudiado en esta tesis es el impacto que tienen las estimaciones de la media (IMF) y de la cobertura (WAR) globales del campo de precipitación en la habilidad de las previsiones en dos técnicas de nowcasting, la persistencia Lagrangiana y la nueva versión de SBMcast. También se incluye un nuevo enfoque para mejorar previsión del IMF-WAR utilizando datos del modelo NWP. Por último se propone una nueva técnica de previsión de lluvia probabilística basada en ensembles que permite combinar la información de cada punto del dominio proporcionada por el campo de precipitación previsto por el modelo NWP con las previsiones probabilísticas de la nueva versión de SBMcast. El objetivo es identificar las localizaciones donde es más probable que se produzca crecimiento y decrecimiento de las intensidades de precipitación utilizando la información del modelo NWP para condicionar las previsiones futuras a estas zonas del dominio de observación.Postprint (published version

Proceedings of the Fifth International Mobile Satellite Conference 1997

Satellite-based mobile communications systems provide voice and data communications to users over a vast geographic area. The users may communicate via mobile or hand-held terminals, which may also provide access to terrestrial communications services. While previous International Mobile Satellite Conferences have concentrated on technical advances and the increasing worldwide commercial activities, this conference focuses on the next generation of mobile satellite services. The approximately 80 papers included here cover sessions in the following areas: networking and protocols; code division multiple access technologies; demand, economics and technology issues; current and planned systems; propagation; terminal technology; modulation and coding advances; spacecraft technology; advanced systems; and applications and experiments

Spacelab Science Results Study

Beginning with OSTA-1 in November 1981 and ending with Neurolab in March 1998, a total of 36 Shuttle missions carried various Spacelab components such as the Spacelab module, pallet, instrument pointing system, or mission peculiar experiment support structure. The experiments carried out during these flights included astrophysics, solar physics, plasma physics, atmospheric science, Earth observations, and a wide range of microgravity experiments in life sciences, biotechnology, materials science, and fluid physics which includes combustion and critical point phenomena. In all, some 764 experiments were conducted by investigators from the U.S., Europe, and Japan. The purpose of this Spacelab Science Results Study is to document the contributions made in each of the major research areas by giving a brief synopsis of the more significant experiments and an extensive list of the publications that were produced. We have also endeavored to show how these results impacted the existing body of knowledge, where they have spawned new fields, and if appropriate, where the knowledge they produced has been applied

Artech 2008: proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Digital Arts

ARTECH 2008 is the fourth international conference held in Portugal and Galicia on the topic of Digital Arts. It aims to promote contacts between Iberian and International contributors concerned with the conception, production and dissemination of Digital and Electronic Art. ARTECH brings the scientific, technological and artistic community together, promoting the interest in the digital culture and its intersection with art and technology as an important research field, a common space for discussion, an exchange of experiences, a forum for emerging digital artists and a way of understanding and appreciating new forms of cultural expression. Hosted by the Portuguese Catholic University’s School of Arts (UCP-EA) at the City of Porto, ARTCH 2008 falls in alignment with the main commitment of the Research Center for Science and Technology of the Arts (CITAR) to promote knowledge in the field of the Arts trough research and development within UCP-AE and together with the local and international community. The main areas proposed for the conference were related with sound, image, video, music, multimedia and other new media related topics, in the context of emerging practice of artistic creation. Although non exclusive, the main topics of the conference are usually: Art and Science; Audio-Visual and Multimedia Design; Creativity Theory; Electronic Music; Generative and Algorithmic Art; Interactive Systems for Artistic Applications; Media Art history; Mobile Multimedia; Net Art and Digital Culture; New Experiences with New Media and New Applications; Tangible and Gesture Interfaces; Technology in Art Education; Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality. The contribution from the international community was extremely gratifying, resulting in the submission of 79 original works (Long Papers, Short Papers and installation proposals) from 22 Countries. Our Scientific Committee reviewed these submissions thoroughly resulting in a 73% acceptance ratio of a diverse and promising body of work presented in this book of proceedings. This compilation of articles provides an overview of the state of the art as well as a glimpse of new tendencies in the field of Digital Arts, with special emphasis in the topics: Sound and Music Computing; Technology Mediated Dance; Collaborative Art Performance; Digital Narratives; Media Art and Creativity Theory; Interactive Art; Audiovisual and Multimedia Design.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio