Advances in Sonar Technology

The demand to explore the largest and also one of the richest parts of our planet, the advances in signal processing promoted by an exponential growth in computation power and a thorough study of sound propagation in the underwater realm, have lead to remarkable advances in sonar technology in the last years.The work on hand is a sum of knowledge of several authors who contributed in various aspects of sonar technology. This book intends to give a broad overview of the advances in sonar technology of the last years that resulted from the research effort of the authors in both sonar systems and their applications. It is intended for scientist and engineers from a variety of backgrounds and even those that never had contact with sonar technology before will find an easy introduction with the topics and principles exposed here

Teaching and Learning of Fluid Mechanics

This book contains research on the pedagogical aspects of fluid mechanics and includes case studies, lesson plans, articles on historical aspects of fluid mechanics, and novel and interesting experiments and theoretical calculations that convey complex ideas in creative ways. The current volume showcases the teaching practices of fluid dynamicists from different disciplines, ranging from mathematics, physics, mechanical engineering, and environmental engineering to chemical engineering. The suitability of these articles ranges from early undergraduate to graduate level courses and can be read by faculty and students alike. We hope this collection will encourage cross-disciplinary pedagogical practices and give students a glimpse of the wide range of applications of fluid dynamics

Oceanographic and morphodynamic monitoring of a multi-purpose reef at Mount Maunganui, New Zealand

The innovative concept of an offshore submerged multi-purpose reef combining a coastal protection function with recreational benefits including improved surfing, diving, or fishing conditions provides an appealing solution for the management of beaches. However, since the technology is relatively recent, there is still a lack of empirical knowledge about its performance in the field. The present research monitored the effect of the prototype research reef constructed at Mount Maunganui in New Zealand on the local beach morphodynamics and oceanographic conditions, being primarily concerned with implications on the coastal protection function of the technology. The beach morphodynamic response to the reef was investigated from a set of already available high resolution bathymetric surveys imaging the foreshore and surfzone morphology prior to, and throughout reef construction, and a new postconstruction survey collected as a part of this research. The reef implementation was found to disturb the pre-existing beach state functioning including the onshore/offshore migration of the underlying long shore bar, rather than cause a persistent salient response. A possible additional beach width of ~ 20 m, extending ~ 150 m alongshore was identified in the lee of the reef from shoreline analysis, but the pattern was transient throughout the monitoring period since it was superimposed on comparatively large pre-existing fluctuations. In addition, the reef structure provided a control point on the offshore morphology able to trap sediment updrift and erode sediment downdrift. Both field measurements and numerical modelling of waves and currents were used to monitor the effect of the reef on the oceanographic conditions. Wave propagation over the reef without breaking (H less than 0.5 m) resulted in transmitted heights larger than incident by up to a factor of 2. When the reef triggered breaking, transmitted heights were reduced by up to ~40 %. A concurrent process was the shift of the wave energy spectra towards higher frequencies landward of the reef that resulted in reduced transmitted wave periods. Wave modelling showed that the wave shadowing was associated with significant wave rotation around the reef that induced two zones of divergent wave angles near the shoreline in the lee of the reef. The hydrodynamic response to the wave energy dissipation was the development of stronger onshore directed currents landward of the reef. Hydrodynamic modelling indicated that the reef-induced flow forced a cellular circulation in the lee side under shore normal waves, and an onshore deviation of the ambient (unidirectional) long-shore currents under oblique waves. The research provided a rare empirical test to the theoretical design concepts, and potential supplements or refinements. To obtain the required beach protection, the reef impact on the beach morphodynamic coupling including wave transformation, nearshore hydrodynamics, and small/large scale beach state response needs to be carefully assessed

Fiscal Year 1995

The mission of the Engineering Research, Development, and Technology Program at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is to develop the knowledge base, process technologies, specialized equipment, tools and facilities to support current and future LLNL programs. Engineering`s efforts are guided by a strategy that results in dual benefit: first, in support of Department of Energy missions, such as national security through nuclear deterrence; and second, in enhancing the nation`s economic competitiveness through their collaboration with US industry in pursuit of the most cost-effective engineering solutions to LLNL programs. To accomplish this mission, the Engineering Research, Development, and Technology Program has two important goals: (1) identify key technologies relevant to LLNL programs where they can establish unique competencies, and (2) conduct high-quality research and development to enhance their capabilities and establish themselves as the world leaders in these technologies. To focus Engineering`s efforts, technology thrust areas are identified and technical leaders are selected for each area. The thrust areas are comprised of integrated engineering activities, staffed by personnel from the nine electronics and mechanical engineering divisions, and from other LLNL organizations. This annual report, organized by thrust area, describes Engineering`s activities for fiscal year 1995. The report provides timely summaries of objectives methods, and key results from eight thrust areas: computational electronics and electromagnetics; computational mechanics; microtechnology; manufacturing technology; materials science and engineering; power conversion technologies; nondestructive evaluation; and information engineering

Handbook of Mathematical Geosciences

This Open Access handbook published at the IAMG's 50th anniversary, presents a compilation of invited path-breaking research contributions by award-winning geoscientists who have been instrumental in shaping the IAMG. It contains 45 chapters that are categorized broadly into five parts (i) theory, (ii) general applications, (iii) exploration and resource estimation, (iv) reviews, and (v) reminiscences covering related topics like mathematical geosciences, mathematical morphology, geostatistics, fractals and multifractals, spatial statistics, multipoint geostatistics, compositional data analysis, informatics, geocomputation, numerical methods, and chaos theory in the geosciences

Radar Technology

In this book “Radar Technology”, the chapters are divided into four main topic areas: Topic area 1: “Radar Systems” consists of chapters which treat whole radar systems, environment and target functional chain. Topic area 2: “Radar Applications” shows various applications of radar systems, including meteorological radars, ground penetrating radars and glaciology. Topic area 3: “Radar Functional Chain and Signal Processing” describes several aspects of the radar signal processing. From parameter extraction, target detection over tracking and classification technologies. Topic area 4: “Radar Subsystems and Components” consists of design technology of radar subsystem components like antenna design or waveform design