45 research outputs found

    Métaheuristiques de recherche avec tabous pour le problÚme de synthÚse de réseau multiproduits avec capacités

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    ThÚse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothÚques de l'Université de Montréal

    Hybrid Statistical Data Mining Framework for Multi-Commodity Fixed Charge Network Flow Problem

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    This paper presents a new approach to analyze the network structure in multi-commodity fixed charge network flow problems (MCFCNF). This methodology uses historical data produced from repeatedly solving the traditional MCFCNF mathematical model as input for the machine-learning framework. Further, we reshape the problem as a binary classification problem and employ machine-learning algorithms to predict network structure. This predicted network structure is further used as an initial solution for our mathematical model. The quality of the initial solution generated is judged on the basis of predictive accuracy, feasibility and reduction in solving time

    TS2PACK: A Two-Level Tabu Search for the Three-dimensional Bin Packing Problem

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    Three-dimensional orthogonal bin packing is a problem NP-hard in the strong sense where a set of boxes must be orthogonally packed into the minimum number of three-dimensional bins. We present a two-level tabu search for this problem. The first-level aims to reduce the number of bins. The second optimizes the packing of the bins. This latter procedure is based on the Interval Graph representation of the packing, proposed by Fekete and Schepers, which reduces the size of the search space. We also introduce a general method to increase the size of the associated neighborhoods, and thus the quality of the search, without increasing the overall complexity of the algorithm. Extensive computational results on benchmark problem instances show the effectiveness of the proposed approach, obtaining better results compared to the existing one

    Optimisation of transportation service network using Îș-node large neighbourhood search

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    The Service Network Design Problem (SNDP) is generally considered as a fundamental problem in transportation logistics and involves the determination of an efficient transportation network and corresponding schedules. The problem is extremely challenging due to the complexity of the constraints and the scale of real-world applications. Therefore, efficient solution methods for this problem are one of the most important research issues in this field. However, current research has mainly focused on various sophisticated high-level search strategies in the form of different local search metaheuristics and their hybrids. Little attention has been paid to novel neighbourhood structures which also play a crucial role in the performance of the algorithm. In this research, we propose a new efficient neighbourhood structure that uses the SNDP constraints to its advantage and more importantly appears to have better reachability than the current ones. The effectiveness of this new neighbourhood is evaluated in a basic Tabu Search (TS) metaheuristic and a basic Guided Local Search (GLS) method. Experimental results based on a set of well-known benchmark instances show that the new neighbourhood performs better than the previous arc-flipping neighbourhood. The performance of the TS metaheuristic based on the proposed neighbourhood is further enhanced through fast neighbourhood search heuristics and hybridisation with other approaches

    Solution Methods for Service Network Design with Resource Management Consideration

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    La gestion des ressources, Ă©quipements, Ă©quipes de travail, et autres, devrait ĂȘtre prise en compte lors de la conception de tout plan rĂ©alisable pour le problĂšme de conception de rĂ©seaux de services. Cependant, les travaux de recherche portant sur la gestion des ressources et la conception de rĂ©seaux de services restent limitĂ©s. La prĂ©sente thĂšse a pour objectif de combler cette lacune en faisant l’examen de problĂšmes de conception de rĂ©seaux de services prenant en compte la gestion des ressources. Pour ce faire, cette thĂšse se dĂ©cline en trois Ă©tudes portant sur la conception de rĂ©seaux. La premiĂšre Ă©tude considĂšre le problĂšme de capacitated multi-commodity fixed cost network design with design-balance constraints(DBCMND). La structure multi-produits avec capacitĂ© sur les arcs du DBCMND, de mĂȘme que ses contraintes design-balance, font qu’il apparaĂźt comme sous-problĂšme dans de nombreux problĂšmes reliĂ©s Ă  la conception de rĂ©seaux de services, d’oĂč l’intĂ©rĂȘt d’étudier le DBCMND dans le contexte de cette thĂšse. Nous proposons une nouvelle approche pour rĂ©soudre ce problĂšme combinant la recherche tabou, la recomposition de chemin, et une procĂ©dure d’intensification de la recherche dans une rĂ©gion particuliĂšre de l’espace de solutions. Dans un premier temps la recherche tabou identifie de bonnes solutions rĂ©alisables. Ensuite la recomposition de chemin est utilisĂ©e pour augmenter le nombre de solutions rĂ©alisables. Les solutions trouvĂ©es par ces deux mĂ©ta-heuristiques permettent d’identifier un sous-ensemble d’arcs qui ont de bonnes chances d’avoir un statut ouvert ou fermĂ© dans une solution optimale. Le statut de ces arcs est alors fixĂ© selon la valeur qui prĂ©domine dans les solutions trouvĂ©es prĂ©alablement. Enfin, nous utilisons la puissance d’un solveur de programmation mixte en nombres entiers pour intensifier la recherche sur le problĂšme restreint par le statut fixĂ© ouvert/fermĂ© de certains arcs. Les tests montrent que cette approche est capable de trouver de bonnes solutions aux problĂšmes de grandes tailles dans des temps raisonnables. Cette recherche est publiĂ©e dans la revue scientifique Journal of heuristics. La deuxiĂšme Ă©tude introduit la gestion des ressources au niveau de la conception de rĂ©seaux de services en prenant en compte explicitement le nombre fini de vĂ©hicules utilisĂ©s Ă  chaque terminal pour le transport de produits. Une approche de solution faisant appel au slope-scaling, la gĂ©nĂ©ration de colonnes et des heuristiques basĂ©es sur une formulation en cycles est ainsi proposĂ©e. La gĂ©nĂ©ration de colonnes rĂ©sout une relaxation linĂ©aire du problĂšme de conception de rĂ©seaux, gĂ©nĂ©rant des colonnes qui sont ensuite utilisĂ©es par le slope-scaling. Le slope-scaling rĂ©sout une approximation linĂ©aire du problĂšme de conception de rĂ©seaux, d’oĂč l’utilisation d’une heuristique pour convertir les solutions obtenues par le slope-scaling en solutions rĂ©alisables pour le problĂšme original. L’algorithme se termine avec une procĂ©dure de perturbation qui amĂ©liore les solutions rĂ©alisables. Les tests montrent que l’algorithme proposĂ© est capable de trouver de bonnes solutions au problĂšme de conception de rĂ©seaux de services avec un nombre fixe des ressources Ă  chaque terminal. Les rĂ©sultats de cette recherche seront publiĂ©s dans la revue scientifique Transportation Science. La troisiĂšme Ă©tude Ă©largie nos considĂ©rations sur la gestion des ressources en prenant en compte l’achat ou la location de nouvelles ressources de mĂȘme que le repositionnement de ressources existantes. Nous faisons les hypothĂšses suivantes: une unitĂ© de ressource est nĂ©cessaire pour faire fonctionner un service, chaque ressource doit retourner Ă  son terminal d’origine, il existe un nombre fixe de ressources Ă  chaque terminal, et la longueur du circuit des ressources est limitĂ©e. Nous considĂ©rons les alternatives suivantes dans la gestion des ressources: 1) repositionnement de ressources entre les terminaux pour tenir compte des changements de la demande, 2) achat et/ou location de nouvelles ressources et leur distribution Ă  diffĂ©rents terminaux, 3) externalisation de certains services. Nous prĂ©sentons une formulation intĂ©grĂ©e combinant les dĂ©cisions reliĂ©es Ă  la gestion des ressources avec les dĂ©cisions reliĂ©es Ă  la conception des rĂ©seaux de services. Nous prĂ©sentons Ă©galement une mĂ©thode de rĂ©solution matheuristique combinant le slope-scaling et la gĂ©nĂ©ration de colonnes. Nous discutons des performances de cette mĂ©thode de rĂ©solution, et nous faisons une analyse de l’impact de diffĂ©rentes dĂ©cisions de gestion des ressources dans le contexte de la conception de rĂ©seaux de services. Cette Ă©tude sera prĂ©sentĂ©e au XII International Symposium On Locational Decision, en conjonction avec XXI Meeting of EURO Working Group on Locational Analysis, Naples/Capri (Italy), 2014. En rĂ©sumĂ©, trois Ă©tudes diffĂ©rentes sont considĂ©rĂ©es dans la prĂ©sente thĂšse. La premiĂšre porte sur une nouvelle mĂ©thode de solution pour le "capacitated multi-commodity fixed cost network design with design-balance constraints". Nous y proposons une matheuristique comprenant la recherche tabou, la recomposition de chemin, et l’optimisation exacte. Dans la deuxiĂšme Ă©tude, nous prĂ©sentons un nouveau modĂšle de conception de rĂ©seaux de services prenant en compte un nombre fini de ressources Ă  chaque terminal. Nous y proposons une matheuristique avancĂ©e basĂ©e sur la formulation en cycles comprenant le slope-scaling, la gĂ©nĂ©ration de colonnes, des heuristiques et l’optimisation exacte. Enfin, nous Ă©tudions l’allocation des ressources dans la conception de rĂ©seaux de services en introduisant des formulations qui modĂšlent le repositionnement, l’acquisition et la location de ressources, et l’externalisation de certains services. À cet Ă©gard, un cadre de solution slope-scaling dĂ©veloppĂ© Ă  partir d’une formulation en cycles est proposĂ©. Ce dernier comporte la gĂ©nĂ©ration de colonnes et une heuristique. Les mĂ©thodes proposĂ©es dans ces trois Ă©tudes ont montrĂ© leur capacitĂ© Ă  trouver de bonnes solutions.Resource management in freight transportation service network design is an important issue that has been studied extensively in recent years. Resources such as vehicles, crews, etc. are factors that can not be ignored when designing a feasible plan for any service network design problem. However, contributions related to resource management issues and service network design are still limited. The goal of the thesis is to fill this gap by taking into account service network design problems with resource management issues. In this thesis, we propose and address three service network design problems that consider resource management. In the first study, we consider the capacitated multi-commodity fixed cost network design with design-balance constraints which is a basic sub-problem for many service design problems because of the capacitated multi-commodity structure as well as its design-balance property. We propose a three-phase matheuristic that combines tabu-search, path-relinking and an exactbased intensification procedure to find high quality solutions. Tabu-search identifies feasible solutions while path-relinking extends the set of feasible solutions. The solutions found by these two meta-heuristics are used to fix arcs as open or close. An exact solver intensifies the search on a restricted problem derived from fixing arcs. The experiments on benchmark instances show that the solution approach finds good solutions to large-scale problems in a reasonable amount of time. The contribution with regard to this study has been accepted in the Journal of Heuristics. In the second study, together with the consideration of the design of routes to transport a set of commodities by vehicles, we extend resources management by explicitly taking account of the number of available vehicles at each terminal. We introduce a matheuristic solution framework based on a cycle-based formulation that includes column generation, slope-scaling, heuristic and exact optimization techniques. As far as we know, this is the first matheuristic procedure developed for a cycle-based formulation. The column generation solves the linear relaxation model and provides a set of cycles to define the approximation model used in slopescaling loop. A heuristic is used to convert each solution to the approximation problem into a feasible solution. Memory-based perturbation procedure is used to enhance the performance of the algorithm. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm is able to find good feasible solutions for the problem. The contribution with regard to this study has been accepted for publication in Transportation Science. In the third study, we examine resources allocation issues in service network design. We aim to address a number of fleet utilization issues which usually appear at the beginning of the season because of the change of demand patterns: 1) reposition resources among terminals to account for shifts in demand patterns; 2) acquire (buy or long-term rent) new resources and as sign them to terminals; 3) outsource particular services. We present an integrated formulation combining these selection-location and scheduled service design decisions. The mixed-integer formulation is defined over a time-space network, the initial period modeling the location de cisions on resource acquisition and positioning, while the decisions on service selection and scheduling, resource assignment and cycling routing, and demand satisfaction being modeled on the rest of the network. We also present a matheuristic solution method combining slope scaling and column generation, discuss its algorithmic performance, and explore the impact of combining the location and design decisions in the context of consolidation carrier service design. This study will be presented at XII International Symposium On Locational Deci sion, in conjunction with the XXI Meeting of EURO Working Group on Locational Analysis, Naples/Capri (Italy), 2014. In summary, three studies are considered in this thesis. The first one considers the capaciated multi-commodity fixed cost network design with design-balance constraints, a basic problem in many service network design problems with design-balance constraints. We propose an ef ficient three-phase matheuristic solution method that includes tabu search, path relinking and exact optimization. In the second study, we propose a new service network design model that takes into account resources limitations at each terminal. We also propose an advanced matheuristic framework solution method based on a cycle-based formulation which includes slope-scaling, column generation, heuristics and exact optimization for this problem. The last study addresses resources allocation issues in service network design. We introduce formula tions that model the reposition, acquisition/renting of resources and outsourcing of services. A solution framework based on the slope-scaling approach on cycle-based formulations is pro posed. Tests indicate that these proposed algorithms are able to find good feasible solutions for each of threse problems

    Lagrangian-based methods for single and multi-layer multicommodity capacitated network design

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    Le problĂšme de conception de rĂ©seau avec coĂ»ts fixes et capacitĂ©s (MCFND) et le problĂšme de conception de rĂ©seau multicouches (MLND) sont parmi les problĂšmes de conception de rĂ©seau les plus importants. Dans le problĂšme MCFND monocouche, plusieurs produits doivent ĂȘtre acheminĂ©s entre des paires origine-destination diffĂ©rentes d’un rĂ©seau potentiel donnĂ©. Des liaisons doivent ĂȘtre ouvertes pour acheminer les produits, chaque liaison ayant une capacitĂ© donnĂ©e. Le problĂšme est de trouver la conception du rĂ©seau Ă  coĂ»t minimum de sorte que les demandes soient satisfaites et que les capacitĂ©s soient respectĂ©es. Dans le problĂšme MLND, il existe plusieurs rĂ©seaux potentiels, chacun correspondant Ă  une couche donnĂ©e. Dans chaque couche, les demandes pour un ensemble de produits doivent ĂȘtre satisfaites. Pour ouvrir un lien dans une couche particuliĂšre, une chaĂźne de liens de support dans une autre couche doit ĂȘtre ouverte. Nous abordons le problĂšme de conception de rĂ©seau multiproduits multicouches Ă  flot unique avec coĂ»ts fixes et capacitĂ©s (MSMCFND), oĂč les produits doivent ĂȘtre acheminĂ©s uniquement dans l’une des couches. Les algorithmes basĂ©s sur la relaxation lagrangienne sont l’une des mĂ©thodes de rĂ©solution les plus efficaces pour rĂ©soudre les problĂšmes de conception de rĂ©seau. Nous prĂ©sentons de nouvelles relaxations Ă  base de noeuds, oĂč le sous-problĂšme rĂ©sultant se dĂ©compose par noeud. Nous montrons que la dĂ©composition lagrangienne amĂ©liore significativement les limites des relaxations traditionnelles. Les problĂšmes de conception du rĂ©seau ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©s dans la littĂ©rature. Cependant, ces derniĂšres annĂ©es, des applications intĂ©ressantes des problĂšmes MLND sont apparues, qui ne sont pas couvertes dans ces Ă©tudes. Nous prĂ©sentons un examen des problĂšmes de MLND et proposons une formulation gĂ©nĂ©rale pour le MLND. Nous proposons Ă©galement une formulation gĂ©nĂ©rale et une mĂ©thodologie de relaxation lagrangienne efficace pour le problĂšme MMCFND. La mĂ©thode est compĂ©titive avec un logiciel commercial de programmation en nombres entiers, et donne gĂ©nĂ©ralement de meilleurs rĂ©sultats.The multicommodity capacitated fixed-charge network design problem (MCFND) and the multilayer network design problem (MLND) are among the most important network design problems. In the single-layer MCFND problem, several commodities have to be routed between different origin-destination pairs of a given potential network. Appropriate capacitated links have to be opened to route the commodities. The problem is to find the minimum cost design and routing such that the demands are satisfied and the capacities are respected. In the MLND, there are several potential networks, each at a given layer. In each network, the flow requirements for a set of commodities must be satisfied. However, the selection of the links is interdependent. To open a link in a particular layer, a chain of supporting links in another layer has to be opened. We address the multilayer single flow-type multicommodity capacitated fixed-charge network design problem (MSMCFND), where commodities are routed only in one of the layers. Lagrangian-based algorithms are one of the most effective solution methods to solve network design problems. The traditional Lagrangian relaxations for the MCFND problem are the flow and knapsack relaxations, where the resulting Lagrangian subproblems decompose by commodity and by arc, respectively. We present new node-based relaxations, where the resulting subproblem decomposes by node. We show that the Lagrangian dual bound improves significantly upon the bounds of the traditional relaxations. We also propose a Lagrangian-based algorithm to obtain upper bounds. Network design problems have been the object of extensive literature reviews. However, in recent years, interesting applications of multilayer problems have appeared that are not covered in these surveys. We present a review of multilayer problems and propose a general formulation for the MLND. We also propose a general formulation and an efficient Lagrangian-based solution methodology for the MMCFND problem. The method is competitive with (and often significantly better than) a state-of-the-art mixedinteger programming solver on a large set of randomly generated instances

    Parallel metaheuristics for stochastic capacitated multicommodity network design

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    Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

    Learning-Based Matheuristic Solution Methods for Stochastic Network Design

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    Cette dissertation consiste en trois Ă©tudes, chacune constituant un article de recherche. Dans tous les trois articles, nous considĂ©rons le problĂšme de conception de rĂ©seaux multiproduits, avec coĂ»t fixe, capacitĂ© et des demandes stochastiques en tant que programmes stochastiques en deux Ă©tapes. Dans un tel contexte, les dĂ©cisions de conception sont prises dans la premiĂšre Ă©tape avant que la demande rĂ©elle ne soit rĂ©alisĂ©e, tandis que les dĂ©cisions de flux de la deuxiĂšme Ă©tape ajustent la solution de la premiĂšre Ă©tape Ă  la rĂ©alisation de la demande observĂ©e. Nous considĂ©rons l’incertitude de la demande comme un nombre fini de scĂ©narios discrets, ce qui est une approche courante dans la littĂ©rature. En utilisant l’ensemble de scĂ©narios, le problĂšme mixte en nombre entier (MIP) rĂ©sultant, appelĂ© formulation Ă©tendue (FE), est extrĂȘmement difficile Ă  rĂ©soudre, sauf dans des cas triviaux. Cette thĂšse vise Ă  faire progresser le corpus de connaissances en dĂ©veloppant des algorithmes efficaces intĂ©grant des mĂ©canismes d’apprentissage en matheuristique, capables de traiter efficacement des problĂšmes stochastiques de conception pour des rĂ©seaux de grande taille. Le premier article, s’intitulĂ© "A Learning-Based Matheuristc for Stochastic Multicommodity Network Design". Nous introduisons et dĂ©crivons formellement un nouveau mĂ©canisme d’apprentissage basĂ© sur l’optimisation pour extraire des informations concernant la structure de la solution du problĂšme stochastique Ă  partir de solutions obtenues avec des combinaisons particuliĂšres de scĂ©narios. Nous proposons ensuite une matheuristique "Learn&Optimize", qui utilise les mĂ©thodes d’apprentissage pour dĂ©duire un ensemble de variables de conception prometteuses, en conjonction avec un solveur MIP de pointe pour rĂ©soudre un problĂšme rĂ©duit. Le deuxiĂšme article, s’intitulĂ© "A Reduced-Cost-Based Restriction and Refinement Matheuristic for Stochastic Network Design". Nous Ă©tudions comment concevoir efficacement des mĂ©canismes d’apprentissage basĂ©s sur l’information duale afin de guider la dĂ©termination des variables dans le contexte de la conception de rĂ©seaux stochastiques. Ce travail examine les coĂ»ts rĂ©duits associĂ©s aux variables hors base dans les solutions dĂ©terministes pour guider la sĂ©lection des variables dans la formulation stochastique. Nous proposons plusieurs stratĂ©gies pour extraire des informations sur les coĂ»ts rĂ©duits afin de fixer un ensemble appropriĂ© de variables dans le modĂšle restreint. Nous proposons ensuite une approche matheuristique utilisant des techniques itĂ©ratives de rĂ©duction des problĂšmes. Le troisiĂšme article, s’intitulĂ© "An Integrated Learning and Progressive Hedging Method to Solve Stochastic Network Design". Ici, notre objectif principal est de concevoir une mĂ©thode de rĂ©solution capable de gĂ©rer un grand nombre de scĂ©narios. Nous nous appuyons sur l’algorithme Progressive Hedging (PHA), ou les scĂ©narios sont regroupĂ©s en sous-problĂšmes. Nous intĂ©grons des methodes d’apprentissage au sein de PHA pour traiter une grand nombre de scĂ©narios. Dans notre approche, les mĂ©canismes d’apprentissage developpĂ©s dans le premier article de cette thĂšse sont adaptĂ©s pour rĂ©soudre les sous-problĂšmes multi-scĂ©narios. Nous introduisons une nouvelle solution de rĂ©fĂ©rence Ă  chaque Ă©tape d’agrĂ©gation de notre ILPH en exploitant les informations collectĂ©es Ă  partir des sous problĂšmes et nous utilisons ces informations pour mettre Ă  jour les pĂ©nalitĂ©s dans PHA. Par consĂ©quent, PHA est guidĂ© par les informations locales fournies par la procĂ©dure d’apprentissage, rĂ©sultant en une approche intĂ©grĂ©e capable de traiter des instances complexes et de grande taille. Dans les trois articles, nous montrons, au moyen de campagnes expĂ©rimentales approfondies, l’intĂ©rĂȘt des approches proposĂ©es en termes de temps de calcul et de qualitĂ© des solutions produites, en particulier pour traiter des cas trĂšs difficiles avec un grand nombre de scĂ©narios.This dissertation consists of three studies, each of which constitutes a self-contained research article. In all of the three articles, we consider the multi-commodity capacitated fixed-charge network design problem with uncertain demands as a two-stage stochastic program. In such setting, design decisions are made in the first stage before the actual demand is realized, while second-stage flow-routing decisions adjust the first-stage solution to the observed demand realization. We consider the demand uncertainty as a finite number of discrete scenarios, which is a common approach in the literature. By using the scenario set, the resulting large-scale mixed integer program (MIP) problem, referred to as the extensive form (EF), is extremely hard to solve exactly in all but trivial cases. This dissertation is aimed at advancing the body of knowledge by developing efficient algorithms incorporating learning mechanisms in matheuristics, which are able to handle large scale instances of stochastic network design problems efficiently. In the first article, we propose a novel Learning-Based Matheuristic for Stochastic Network Design Problems. We introduce and formally describe a new optimizationbased learning mechanism to extract information regarding the solution structure of a stochastic problem out of the solutions of particular combinations of scenarios. We subsequently propose the Learn&Optimize matheuristic, which makes use of the learning methods in inferring a set of promising design variables, in conjunction with a state-ofthe- art MIP solver to address a reduced problem. In the second article, we introduce a Reduced-Cost-Based Restriction and Refinement Matheuristic. We study on how to efficiently design learning mechanisms based on dual information as a means of guiding variable fixing in the context of stochastic network design. The present work investigates how the reduced cost associated with non-basic variables in deterministic solutions can be leveraged to guide variable selection within stochastic formulations. We specifically propose several strategies to extract reduced cost information so as to effectively identify an appropriate set of fixed variables within a restricted model. We then propose a matheuristic approach using problem reduction techniques iteratively (i.e., defining and exploring restricted region of global solutions, as guided by applicable dual information). Finally, in the third article, our main goal is to design a solution method that is able to manage a large number of scenarios. We rely on the progressive hedging algorithm (PHA) where the scenarios are grouped in subproblems. We propose a two phase integrated learning and progressive hedging (ILPH) approach to deal with a large number of scenarios. Within our proposed approach, the learning mechanisms from the first study of this dissertation have been adapted as an efficient heuristic method to address the multi-scenario subproblems within each iteration of PHA.We introduce a new reference point within each aggregation step of our proposed ILPH by exploiting the information garnered from subproblems, and using this information to update the penalties. Consequently, the ILPH is governed and guided by the local information provided by the learning procedure, resulting in an integrated approach capable of handling very large and complex instances. In all of the three mentioned articles, we show, by means of extensive experimental campaigns, the interest of the proposed approaches in terms of computation time and solution quality, especially in dealing with very difficult instances with a large number of scenarios
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