Laser Atmospheric Wind Sounder (LAWS) phase 1. Volume 2

This report summarizes and documents the results of the 12-month phase 1 work effort. The objective of phase 1 was to establish the conceptional definition of the laser atmospheric wind sounder (LAWS) sensor system, including accommodations analyses to ensure compatibility with the Space Station Freedom (SSF) and the Earth Observing System (EOS) Polar Orbiting Platform (POP). Various concepts were investigated with trade studies performed to select the configuration to be carried forward to the phase 2 Preliminary Design Definition. A summary of the LAWS system and subsystem trade studies that were performed leading to the baseline design configuration is presented in the appendix. The overall objective of the LAWS Project is to define, design, and implement an operational space based facility, LAWS, for accurate measurement of Earth wind profiles. Phase 1 addressed three major areas: (1) requirements definition; (2) instrument concepts and configurations; and (3) performance analysis. For the LAWS instrument concepts and configurations, the issues which press the technological state of the art are reliable detector lifetime and laser performance and lifetime. Lag angle compensation, pointing accuracy, satellite navigation, and telescope design are significant technical issues, but they are considered to be currently state of the art. The primary issues for performance analysis concern interaction with the atmosphere in terms of backscatter and attenuation, wind variance, and cloud blockage. The phase 1 tasks were formulated to address these significant technical issues and demonstrate the technical feasibility of the LAWS concept. Primary emphasis was placed on analysis/trade and identification of candidate concepts. Promising configurations were evaluated for performance, sensitivities, risks, and budgetary costs. Lockheed's baseline LAWS configuration is presented

LSST Science Book, Version 2.0

A survey that can cover the sky in optical bands over wide fields to faint magnitudes with a fast cadence will enable many of the exciting science opportunities of the next decade. The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) will have an effective aperture of 6.7 meters and an imaging camera with field of view of 9.6 deg^2, and will be devoted to a ten-year imaging survey over 20,000 deg^2 south of +15 deg. Each pointing will be imaged 2000 times with fifteen second exposures in six broad bands from 0.35 to 1.1 microns, to a total point-source depth of r~27.5. The LSST Science Book describes the basic parameters of the LSST hardware, software, and observing plans. The book discusses educational and outreach opportunities, then goes on to describe a broad range of science that LSST will revolutionize: mapping the inner and outer Solar System, stellar populations in the Milky Way and nearby galaxies, the structure of the Milky Way disk and halo and other objects in the Local Volume, transient and variable objects both at low and high redshift, and the properties of normal and active galaxies at low and high redshift. It then turns to far-field cosmological topics, exploring properties of supernovae to z~1, strong and weak lensing, the large-scale distribution of galaxies and baryon oscillations, and how these different probes may be combined to constrain cosmological models and the physics of dark energy.Comment: 596 pages. Also available at full resolution at http://www.lsst.org/lsst/sciboo

Abstracts on Radio Direction Finding (1899 - 1995)

The files on this record represent the various databases that originally composed the CD-ROM issue of "Abstracts on Radio Direction Finding" database, which is now part of the Dudley Knox Library's Abstracts and Selected Full Text Documents on Radio Direction Finding (1899 - 1995) Collection. (See Calhoun record https://calhoun.nps.edu/handle/10945/57364 for further information on this collection and the bibliography). Due to issues of technological obsolescence preventing current and future audiences from accessing the bibliography, DKL exported and converted into the three files on this record the various databases contained in the CD-ROM. The contents of these files are: 1) RDFA_CompleteBibliography_xls.zip [RDFA_CompleteBibliography.xls: Metadata for the complete bibliography, in Excel 97-2003 Workbook format; RDFA_Glossary.xls: Glossary of terms, in Excel 97-2003 Workbookformat; RDFA_Biographies.xls: Biographies of leading figures, in Excel 97-2003 Workbook format]; 2) RDFA_CompleteBibliography_csv.zip [RDFA_CompleteBibliography.TXT: Metadata for the complete bibliography, in CSV format; RDFA_Glossary.TXT: Glossary of terms, in CSV format; RDFA_Biographies.TXT: Biographies of leading figures, in CSV format]; 3) RDFA_CompleteBibliography.pdf: A human readable display of the bibliographic data, as a means of double-checking any possible deviations due to conversion

Space station systems: A bibliography with indexes (supplement 6)

This bibliography lists 1,133 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system between July 1, 1987 and December 31, 1987. Its purpose is to provide helpful information to the researcher, manager, and designer in technology development and mission design according to system, interactive analysis and design, structural and thermal analysis and design, structural concepts and control systems, electronics, advanced materials, assembly concepts, propulsion, and solar power satellite systems. The coverage includes documents that define major systems and subsystems, servicing and support requirements, procedures and operations, and missions for the current and future Space Station

Research and Technology Objectives and Plans Summary (RTOPS)

A compilation of summary portions of each of the Research and Technology Objectives and Plans (RTOPS) used for management review and control of research currently in progress throughout NASA is presented. Subject, technical monitors, responsible NASA organization, and RTOP number indexes are included

Cumulative index to NASA Tech Briefs, 1986-1990, volumes 10-14

Tech Briefs are short announcements of new technology derived from the R&D activities of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. These briefs emphasize information considered likely to be transferrable across industrial, regional, or disciplinary lines and are issued to encourage commercial application. This cumulative index of Tech Briefs contains abstracts and four indexes (subject, personal author, originating center, and Tech Brief number) and covers the period 1986 to 1990. The abstract section is organized by the following subject categories: electronic components and circuits, electronic systems, physical sciences, materials, computer programs, life sciences, mechanics, machinery, fabrication technology, and mathematics and information sciences

Space Station Systems: a Bibliography with Indexes (Supplement 8)

This bibliography lists 950 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system between July 1, 1989 and December 31, 1989. Its purpose is to provide helpful information to researchers, designers and managers engaged in Space Station technology development and mission design. Coverage includes documents that define major systems and subsystems related to structures and dynamic control, electronics and power supplies, propulsion, and payload integration. In addition, orbital construction methods, servicing and support requirements, procedures and operations, and missions for the current and future Space Station are included

Mitigating the impacts of river flow regulation and barriers to fish spawning migrations

Globally, migratory fish are threatened by anthropogenic modification to rivers. These create barriers that prevent fish accessing spawning grounds required for completion of life cycles. In order to make informed decsions, for mitigating the associated negative impacts, an understanding migratory behaviour when reaching barriers during the spawning migration is required. That said, there is a lack of information about the response of migratory fish to operational regimes in regulated rivers and the areas occupied, delays caused and routes taken around infrastructures. This study investigated the behaviour of three migratory fish species under operational regimes of three different infrastructures during each species’ respective spawning season. The efficiency of a bypass channel that utilised the relationship between migratory behaviour and flow was also investigated for a further species.The literature was reviewed to identify the different types of migratory life histories of fish, the impact of different riverine modification on the respective spawning migrations and how this can be mitigated. Fish have evolved in direct response to the natural flow regime and connectivity of riverine habitats, but barriers to migration exist from source to sea. This regulates or disrupts the flow regime and connectivity that fish depend upon, which has had considerable detriment to many migratory fish species globally. The main conclusion of the review was that knowledge gaps exist for the target species, and understanding the behaviour of the study species during the spawning migration is essential to improve access to spawning grounds in regulated rivers and ultimately conserve populations.The effects of timing, magnitude and duration of eleven artificial flow (freshet) releases from two impounding reservoirs on river-resident brown trout (Salmo trutta L.), a species known to undertake spawning migrations, was investigated using radio telemetry in a regulated upland river in northern England. Most did not perform movements characteristic of spawning migrations; all were located within 10 m of the location occupied before freshets, and fish in a control reach behaved comparably. The largest unidirectional movements mostly occurred during elevated river level due to rainfall and reservoir overtopping events; other varied length movements occurred during natural peaks or low flow, indicating artificial freshets were not directly responsible, and may not be suitable to stimulate migration in river-resident fish in regulated rivers.An acoustic telemetry study was conducted to determine the impact of a high- head hydropower station, associated diversion weir and spillway on downstream migrating shortfin eel (Anguilla australis) in the regulated Wairua catchment, Northland, New Zealand. Despite the diversion weir providing an alternative route, 88% (n = 21) of tagged eels that were detected here entered the power station forebay; of these, 52% were impinged onto intake screens, always when turbines were operating at greater than 3.04 MW/day. The rest (48%) passed the spillway and continued their migration, sometimes after long delays and having spent time immediately upstream of the intake where fitness could have been reduced due to high flows. Based on findings, the most effective mitigation here and at similar power schemes is considered to be operational or physical changes at the diversion weir to minimise entry of downstream migrating eels into the power canal during the migration period. Also discussed as potential solutions are turbine shutdowns, ensuring the spillway is available and provision of a bypass channel in the forebay.At a pumping station in the Anglian region, UK, where the upstream river level is maintained primarily by a co-located gravity sluice door, route choice and behaviour of downstream migrating European eel (Anguilla anguilla) (n = 7) immediately upstream of both routes was investigated using acoustic telemetry. During the study, three eels passed through pumps despite only operating for 8% of the time the gravity sluice was open, and only two passed through the gravity sluice after arriving when it was closed; the remaining two retreated upstream. No eels were detected within 15 m of the gravity sluice when it was open and eel behaviour was indicative of reluctance to pass through pumps. Findings are discussed in terms of water resource management to implement operational changes, to make the gravity sluice an attractive downstream passage route for migrating eels and thus reduce passage through hazardous pumps.The efficacy of two bypasses in attracting and passing downstream migrating American eels (Anguilla rostrata), designed to utilise the relationship between eel migratory behaviour and flow through two methods of flow creation, i.e. an airlift and a siphon, was tested in a simulated forebay environment, as a potential remediation measure at infrastructures requiring eel passage. Under entrance velocity of 1.2 m/s in eight test runs, both bypasses performed comparably and eels tested in each readily located, entered and passed. Test findings are discussed in relation to real-world application at sites with different characteristics, and the suitability of each design in successfully providing a safe route for downstream migrating eels

Large space structures and systems in the space station era: A bibliography with indexes (supplement 05)

Bibliographies and abstracts are listed for 1363 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system between January 1, 1991 and July 31, 1992. Topics covered include technology development and mission design according to system, interactive analysis and design, structural and thermal analysis and design, structural concepts and control systems, electronics, advanced materials, assembly concepts, propulsion and solar power satellite systems