29,422 research outputs found
Model Predictive Control Based Trajectory Generation for Autonomous Vehicles - An Architectural Approach
Research in the field of automated driving has created promising results in
the last years. Some research groups have shown perception systems which are
able to capture even complicated urban scenarios in great detail. Yet, what is
often missing are general-purpose path- or trajectory planners which are not
designed for a specific purpose. In this paper we look at path- and trajectory
planning from an architectural point of view and show how model predictive
frameworks can contribute to generalized path- and trajectory generation
approaches for generating safe trajectories even in cases of system failures.Comment: Presented at IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium 2017, Los Angeles,
CA, US
Modelling drivers' car parking behaviour using data from a travel choice simulator
This paper reports on models developed from data collected using the PARKIT parking
choice simulator. PARKIT provided an experimental environment in which driversâ
choice of car parks, and of the routes chosen to reach them, could be observed and the
influence of different levels of parking-stock knowledge (derived from experience or from
information provided via roadside message signs) monitored. Separate models were
estimated for the driversâ initial choice of car park and for their revision of that choice as
their journey progresses and they learn about actual conditions. The importance of price,
walking time and driving distance is confirmed but the addition of variables describing the
driversâ choices on previous days, their expectations and their immediately preceding
route-choice, greatly improved the modelsâ explanatory power. It is noted that variables
such as these are not generally considered because they are rarely available to the
modeller. Different discrete choice model structures were found to be appropriate for
different decisions. Route choice was represented as an exit-choice model (whereby each
journey is treated as a sequence of decisions â one at each intersection encountered). The
paper discusses the incorporation of these choice models into a network assignment model
and concludes that much of the power of the choice models is lost if the network model is
not able to support use of information about travellersâ socio-economic characteristics and
knowledge of the network and about the detailed network topology
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Stakeholder engagement in sustainable housing refurbishment in the UK
The UK government is committed to effectively implement a viable sustainable agenda in the social housing sector. To this end housing associations and local authorities are being encouraged to improve the environmental performance of their new and existing homes. Whilst much attention has been focused on new housing (e.g. the Code for Sustainable Homes) little effort has been focussed on improving the 3.9 (approx) million homes maintained and managed by the public sector (in England), which, given the low rate of new build and demolition (<1% in England), will represent approximately 70% of the public housing stock in 2050. Thus, if UK is to achieve sustainable public housing the major effort will have to focus on the existing stock. However, interpreting the sustainability agenda for an existing housing portfolio is not a straight foreword activity. In addition to finding a âtechnicalâ solution, landlords also haveto address the socio-economic issues that balance quality of expectations of tenants with the economic realities of funding social housing refurbishment. This paper will report the findings of a qualitative study
(participatory approach) that examined the processes by which a large public landlord sought to develop
a long-term sustainable housing strategy. Through a series of individual meetings and group workshops
the research team identified: committed leadership; attitudes towards technology; social awareness; and
collective understanding of the sustainability agenda as key issues that the organisation needed to address
in developing a robust and defendable refurbishment strategy. The paper concludes that the challenges
faced by the landlord in improving the sustainability of their existing stock are not primarily technical, but
socio-economic. Further, while the economic challenges: initial capital cost; lack of funding; and pay-back
periods can be overcome, if the political will exists, by fiscal measures; the social challenges: health & wellbeing;
poverty; security; space needs; behaviour change; education; and trust; are much more complex in
nature and will require a coordinated approach from all the stakeholders involved in the wider community
if they are to be effectively addressed. The key challenge to public housing landlords is to develop
mechanisms that can identify and interpret the complex nature of the social sustainability agenda in a way
that reflects local aspirations (although the authors believe the factors will exist in all social housing communities, their relative importance is likely to vary between communities) whilst addressing Government
agendas
Mission analysis of Hevelius-lunar microsatellite mission
This paper describes the mission analysis and design of the 'Hevelius - Lunar Microsatellite Mission'. The main goal of the overall mission is to place a net-lander on the far side of the Moon to perform some scientific experiments. Two different satellites have been designed to achieve this objective: a microsatellite orbiter to support the net-lander and a carrier spacecraft to transport the net-lander. An L2 Halo orbit has been selected for the orbiter in order to have a constant communication link between the landers and the Earth. The invariant manifolds of the Earth-Moon system have been used to design a low cost transfer trajectory to the L2 Halo orbit. Prior to the beginning of landing operations the carrier is parked into a frozen orbit after a WSB transfer. Finally the descent and landing phases have been designed in order to accomplish the final goals. The whole mission analysis and design process has been driven by the need for a low cost and low risk mission
Analysing parking search (âcruisingâ) time using generalised multilevel structural equation modelling
The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the URI link.The aim of this paper is to identify factors influencing parking search (cruising) time. A revealed-preference on-street parking survey was undertaken with individual drivers in four UK cities to investigate the influence of personal, trip, socio-economic, physical, time49 related, and price-related variables on parking search. In order to address the potential endogeneity problems between the factors (e.g. parking fee and parking search time) and hierarchical issues in the survey data, a generalised multilevel structural equation model was applied. It was revealed that cruising time could be reduced by seeking drivers to pay for parking as a way of improving social welfare
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