200,490 research outputs found

    Parent-Identifying Codes

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    AbstractFor a set C of words of length 4 over an alphabet of size n, and for a, b∈C, let D(a, b) be the set of all descendants of a and b, that is, all words x of length 4 where xi∈{ai, bi} for all 1⩽i⩽4. The code C satisfies the Identifiable Parent Property if for any descendant of two code-words one can identify at least one parent. The study of such codes is motivated by questions about schemes that protect against piracy of software. Here we show that for any ε>0, if the alphabet size is n>n0(ε) then the maximum possible cardinality of such a code is less than εn2 and yet it is bigger than n2−ε. This answers a question of Hollmann, van Lint, Linnartz, and Tolhuizen. The proofs combine graph theoretic tools with techniques in additive number theory

    Robust parent-identifying codes and combinatorial arrays

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    An nn-word yy over a finite alphabet of cardinality qq is called a descendant of a set of tt words x1,…,xtx^1,\dots,x^t if yi∈{xi1,…,xit}y_i\in\{x^1_i,\dots,x^t_i\} for all i=1,…,n.i=1,\dots,n. A code \cC=\{x^1,\dots,x^M\} is said to have the tt-IPP property if for any nn-word yy that is a descendant of at most tt parents belonging to the code it is possible to identify at least one of them. From earlier works it is known that tt-IPP codes of positive rate exist if and only if t≤q−1t\le q-1. We introduce a robust version of IPP codes which allows {unconditional} identification of parents even if some of the coordinates in yy can break away from the descent rule, i.e., can take arbitrary values from the alphabet, or become completely unreadable. We show existence of robust tt-IPP codes for all t≤q−1t\le q-1 and some positive proportion of such coordinates. The proofs involve relations between IPP codes and combinatorial arrays with separating properties such as perfect hash functions and hash codes, partially hashing families and separating codes. For t=2t=2 we find the exact proportion of mutant coordinates (for several error scenarios) that permits unconditional identification of parents

    Wearable Sensors Outperform Behavioral Coding as Valid Marker of Childhood Anxiety and Depression

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    There is a significant need to develop objective measures for identifying children under the age of 8 who have anxiety and depression. If left untreated, early internalizing symptoms can lead to adolescent and adult internalizing disorders as well as comorbidity which can yield significant health problems later in life including increased risk for suicide. To this end, we propose the use of an instrumented fear induction task for identifying children with internalizing disorders, and demonstrate its efficacy in a sample of 63 children between the ages of 3 and 7. In so doing, we extract objective measures that capture the full six degree-of-freedom movement of a child using data from a belt-worn inertial measurement unit (IMU) and relate them to behavioral fear codes, parent-reported child symptoms and clinician-rated child internalizing diagnoses. We find that IMU motion data, but not behavioral codes, are associated with parent-reported child symptoms and clinician-reported child internalizing diagnosis in this sample. These results demonstrate that IMU motion data are sensitive to behaviors indicative of child psychopathology. Moreover, the proposed IMU-based approach has increased feasibility of collection and processing compared to behavioral codes, and therefore should be explored further in future studies

    Improving the Lives of Young Children: Meeting Parents' Health and Mental Health Needs Through Medicaid and CHIP So Children Can Thrive

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    Outlines options for two-generational service delivery to help address parental health issues, especially depression, and minimize developmental or behavioral problems in their children when the parents are ineligible for or not enrolled in Medicaid

    Addressing Childhood Adversity and Social Determinants inPediatric Primary Care:Recommendations for New Hampshire

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    Research has clearly demonstrated the significant short- and long-term impacts of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and the social determinants of health (SDOH) on child health and well-being.1 Identifying and addressing ACEs and SDOH will require a coordinated and systems-based approach. Pediatric primary care* plays a critical role in this system, and there is a growing emphasis on these issues that may be impacting a family. As awareness of ACEs and SDOH grows, so too does the response effort within the State of New Hampshire. Efforts to address ACEs and the SDOH have been initiated by a variety of stakeholders, including non-profit organizations, community-based providers, and school districts. In late 2017, the Endowment for Health and SPARK NH funded the NH Pediatric Improvement Partnership (NHPIP) to develop a set of recommendations to address identifying and responding to ACEs and SDOH in NH primary care settings caring for children. Methods included conducting a review of literature and Key Informant Interviews (KII). Themes from these were identified and the findings are summarized in this report
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