1,569 research outputs found
Toolflows for Mapping Convolutional Neural Networks on FPGAs: A Survey and Future Directions
In the past decade, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have demonstrated
state-of-the-art performance in various Artificial Intelligence tasks. To
accelerate the experimentation and development of CNNs, several software
frameworks have been released, primarily targeting power-hungry CPUs and GPUs.
In this context, reconfigurable hardware in the form of FPGAs constitutes a
potential alternative platform that can be integrated in the existing deep
learning ecosystem to provide a tunable balance between performance, power
consumption and programmability. In this paper, a survey of the existing
CNN-to-FPGA toolflows is presented, comprising a comparative study of their key
characteristics which include the supported applications, architectural
choices, design space exploration methods and achieved performance. Moreover,
major challenges and objectives introduced by the latest trends in CNN
algorithmic research are identified and presented. Finally, a uniform
evaluation methodology is proposed, aiming at the comprehensive, complete and
in-depth evaluation of CNN-to-FPGA toolflows.Comment: Accepted for publication at the ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) journal,
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Particle creation and non-adiabatic transitions in quantum cosmology
The aim of this paper is to compute transitions amplitudes in quantum
cosmology, and in particular pair creation amplitudes and radiative
transitions. To this end, we apply a double adiabatic development to the
solutions of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation restricted to mini-superspace wherein
gravity is described by the scale factor . The first development consists in
working with instantaneous eigenstates, in , of the matter Hamiltonian. The
second development is applied to the gravitational part of the wave function
and generalizes the usual WKB approximation. We then obtain an exact equation
which replaces the Wheeler-DeWitt equation and determines the evolution, i.e.
the dependence in , of the coefficients of this double expansion. When
working in the gravitational adiabatic approximation, the simplified equation
delivers the unitary evolution of transition amplitudes occurring among
instantaneous eigenstates. Upon abandoning this approximation, one finds that
there is an additional coupling among matter states living in expanding and
contracting universes. Moreover one has to face also the Klein paradox, i.e.
the generation of backward waves from an initially forward wave. The
interpretation and the consequences of these unusual features are only sketched
in the present paper. Finally, the examples of pair creation and radiative
transitions are analyzed in detail to establish when and how the above
mentioned unitary evolution coincides with the Schr\" odinger evolution.Comment: 27 pages, Late
Observing dust settling and coagulation in circumstellar discs: Selected constraints from high resolution imaging
Circumstellar discs are expected to be the nursery of planets. Grain growth
within such discs is the first step in the planet formation process in the
core-accretion gas-capture scenario. We aim at providing selected criteria on
observational quantities derived from multi-wavelength imaging observations
that allow to identify dust grain growth and settling. We define a wide-ranged
parameter space of discs in various states of their evolution. Using a
parametrised model set-up and radiative transfer techniques we compute
multi-wavelength images of discs at different inclinations. Using millimetre
and sub-millimetre images we are in the position to constrain the process of
dust grain growth and sedimentation. However, the degeneracy between parameters
prohibit the same achievement using near- to mid-infrared images. Using face-on
observations in the N and Q Band, the sedimentation height can be constrained.Comment: 14 pages, 20 figures, Accepted for publication in A&
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