Making Transport Safer: V2V-Based Automated Emergency Braking System

An important goal in the field of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) is to provide driving aids aimed at preventing accidents and reducing the number of traffic victims. The commonest traffic accidents in urban areas are due to sudden braking that demands a very fast response on the part of drivers. Attempts to solve this problem have motivated many ITS advances including the detection of the intention of surrounding cars using lasers, radars or cameras. However, this might not be enough to increase safety when there is a danger of collision. Vehicle to vehicle communications are needed to ensure that the other intentions of cars are also available. The article describes the development of a controller to perform an emergency stop via an electro-hydraulic braking system employed on dry asphalt. An original V2V communication scheme based on WiFi cards has been used for broadcasting positioning information to other vehicles. The reliability of the scheme has been theoretically analyzed to estimate its performance when the number of vehicles involved is much higher. This controller has been incorporated into the AUTOPIA program control for automatic cars. The system has been implemented in Citroën C3 Pluriel, and various tests were performed to evaluate its operation

Implementation in Embedded Systems of State Observers Based on Multibody Dynamics

Programa Oficial de Doutoramento en Enxeñaría Naval e Industrial . 5015V01[Abstract] Simulation has become an important tool in the industry that minimizes either the cost and time of new products development and testing. In the automotive industry, the use of simulation is being extended to virtual sensing. Through an accurate model of the vehicle combined with a state estimator, variables that are difficult or costly to measure can be estimated. The virtual sensing approach is limited by the low computational power of invehicle hardware due to the strictest timing, reliability and safety requirements imposed by automotive standards. With the new generation hardware, the computational power of embedded platforms has increased. They are based on heterogeneous processors, where the main processor is combined with a co-processor, such as Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). This thesis explores the implementation of a state estimator based on a multibody model of a vehicle in new generation embedded hardware. Different implementation strategies are tested in order to explore the advantages that an FPGA can provide. A new state-parameter-input observer is developed, providing accurate estimations. The proposed observer is combined with an efficient multibody model of a vehicle, achieving real-time execution.[Resumen] La simulación se ha convertido en una importante herramienta para la industria que permite minimizar tanto costes como tiempo de desarrollo y test de nuevos productos. En automoción, el uso de la simulación se extiende al desarrollo de sensores virtuales. Mediante un modelo preciso de un vehículo combinado con un observador de estados, variables que son caras o imposibles de medir pueden ser estimadas. La principal limitación para utilizar sensores virtuales en los vehículos es la baja potencia computacional de los procesadores instalados a bordo, debido a los estrictos requisitos impuestos por los standards de automoción. Con el hardware de nueva generación, el poder de cálculo de las plataformas empotradas se ha visto incrementado. Estos nuevos procesadores son del tipo heterogéneo, donde el procesador principal se complementa con un co-procesador, como una Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Esta tesis explora la implementación de un observador de estados basado en un modelo multicuerpo de un vehículo en hardware empotrado de nueva generación. Se han probado diferentes implementaciones para evaluar las ventajas de disponer de una FPGA en el procesador. Se ha desarrollado un nuevo observador de estados, parámetros y entradas que permite obtener estimaciones de gran precisión. Combinando dicho observador con un eficiente modelo multicuerpo de un vehículo, se consigue rendimiento en tiempo real.[Resumo] A simulación estase a converter nunha importante ferramenta na industria que permite minimizar custes e tempo tanto de desenvolvemento coma de test de novos productos. En automoción, o uso da simulación esténdese á implementación de sensores virtuais. Mediante un modelo preciso dun vehículo combinado cun observador de estados, pódense estimar variables que son caras ou imposíbeis de medir. A principal limitación para utilizar sensores virtuais nos vehículos é a baixa potencia computacional dos procesadores instalados a bordo, debido aos estritos requisitos impostos polos estándares de automoción. Co hardware de nova xeración, o poder de cálculo das plataformas empotradas vese incrementado. Estos novos procesadores son de tipo heteroxéneo, onde o procesador principal compleméntase cun co-procesador, coma unha Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Esta tese explora a implementación dun observador de estados basado nun modelo multicorpo dun vehículo en hardware empotrado de nova xeración. Diferentes implementacións foron probadas para avaliar as vantaxes de dispoñer dunha FPGA no procesador. Un novo observador de estados, parámetros e entradas deseñado nesta tese permite obter estimacións de gran precisión. Combinando dito observador cun eficiente modelo multicorpo dun vehículo, conséguese rendemento de tempo real

Bridge Deck Runoff: Water Quality Analysis and BMP Effectiveness

INE/AUTC 10.0

Freight delivery services in urban areas: Monitoring accessibility from vehicle traces and road network modelling

Local Authorities plays a fundamental role in the management of city mobility and in accounting for the needs of different stakeholders involved in the urban freight transport. The aim of this study is to develop a method that could support the evaluation of the city accessibility for freight distribution services. As Local Authorities can use floating vehicle data (FVD), which are a current trend in mobility management, gaining new knowledge from data could be crucial to help the various stakeholders to better address their needs. Accessibility in urban areas is investigated through travel time estimations along the most frequently used routes connecting relevant nodes of the city and their average speed using a simplified road network model. After the description of the principal elements of the method, a test case is also presented for the urban area of Turin, Italy, to demonstrate the applicability of the procedures on a real scenario and dataset. The results confirm, also through the use of skim matrices, the value of FVD in assessing the accessibility of different zones interested in delivery operations, which may change over time, providing monitoring functions to urban logistics operators and Local Authorities in managing urban freight flows

Optimization of traffic simulation using GPS navigation records

Proyecto de Graduación (Maestría en Computación con énfasis en Ciencias de la Computación) Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Ingeniería en Computación, 2021A traffic simulation is a tool that permits constructing a virtual environment based on a real one, with the objective to perform analysis about the actual conditions and more important, apply changes to the virtual scene or to the driving rules to generate new scenarios and test solutions. However, the problem we found with simulations it that with incorrect parameters may not represent the traffic conditions we are looking for. In this work, we propose a method to calibrate the traffic simulations using data available for transportation in Costa Rica. This data comes from Global Position System (GPS) navigation records. The calibration algorithm search to represent those actual traffic conditions in a virtual environment, and after that, propose and design solutions to ease the complicated traffic situations. This thesis reflects the work of months to design and implemented an algorithm to calibrate simulations of five sectors of the country where we found difficult traffic conditions. The algorithm calculates a Measure of Performance to compare data from the simulation and the GPS records, and it searches iteratively for the best parameters. In the end, it validates the best solution found with a statistical test. As results, we achieved to calibrate the simulations for the five studied sectors, reaching a configuration of input parameters that reflects the traffic conditions extracted from the GPS records, as a portrait of the real-life conditions of the locations. The impact and applications of this work are plenty. For the computing part, we can dig more profound in using more techniques of calibration, and also exploit the data available for more general works. Moreover, it can become in a significant resource for analysis and decision making in urban mobility studies

Production Engineering and Management

It is our pleasure to introduce the 8th edition of the International Conference on Production Engineering and anagement (PEM), an event that is the result of the joint effort of the OWL University of Applied Sciences and the University of Trieste. The conference has been established as an annual meeting under the Double Degree Master Program “Production Engineering and Management” by the two partner universities. This year the conference is hosted at the university campus in Lemgo, Germany. The main goal of the conference is to offer students, researchers and professionals in Germany, Italy and abroad, an opportunity to meet and exchange information, discuss experiences, specific practices and technical solutions for planning, design, and management of manufacturing and service systems and processes. As always, the conference is a platform aimed at presenting research projects, introducing young academics to the tradition of symposiums and promoting the exchange of ideas between the industry and the academy. This year’s special focus is on Supply Chain Design and Management in the context of Industry 4.0, which are currently major topics of discussion among experts and professionals. In fact, the features and problems of Industry 4.0 have been widely discussed in the last editions of the PEM conference, in which sustainability and efficiency also emerged as key factors. With the further study and development of Direct Digital Manufacturing technologies in connection with new Management Practices and Supply Chain Designs, the 8th edition of the PEM conference aims to offer new and interesting scientific contributions. The conference program includes 25 speeches organized in seven sessions. Two are specifically dedicated to “Direct Digital Manufacturing in the context of Industry 4.0”. The other sessions are covering areas of great interest and importance to the participants of the conference, which are related to the main focus: “Supply Chai n Design and Management”, “Industrial Engineering and Lean Management”, “Wood Processing Technologies and Furniture Production”, and “Management Practices and Methodologies”. The proceedings of the conference include the articles submitted and accepted after a careful double-blind refereeing process

2nd Symposium on Management of Future motorway and urban Traffic Systems (MFTS 2018): Booklet of abstracts: Ispra, 11-12 June 2018

The Symposium focuses on future traffic management systems, covering the subjects of traffic control, estimation, and modelling of motorway and urban networks, with particular emphasis on the presence of advanced vehicle communication and automation technologies. As connectivity and automation are being progressively introduced in our transport and mobility systems, there is indeed a growing need to understand the implications and opportunities for an enhanced traffic management as well as to identify innovative ways and tools to optimise traffic efficiency. In particular the debate on centralised versus decentralised traffic management in the presence of connected and automated vehicles has started attracting the attention of the research community. In this context, the Symposium provides a remarkable opportunity to share novel ideas and discuss future research directions.JRC.C.4-Sustainable Transpor