379 research outputs found

    GIS-based palaeogeographical reconstructions of the Baltic Sea shores in Estonia and adjoining areas during the Stone Age

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    VĂ€itekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsiooneLÀÀnemeremaadest on leitud palju kiviaegseid asulakohti, mille arheoloogiline leiumaterjal viitab rannasidusale elatusviisile, kuid mis asuvad tĂ€napĂ€eval merest kaugel. KĂ€esolevas doktoritöös rekonstrueeriti meretaseme muutused, paleorannavööndid ja –maastikud kiviaegsete asulakohtade ĂŒmbruses Narva-Lauga klindilahes, Tallinna kesklinnas ja Ruhnu saarel, et vĂ€lja selgitada nende asulakohtade paiknemine omaaegses maastikus. Selleks kasutati geoinfosĂŒsteemipĂ”hist lĂ€henemist, milles korreleeriti ruumiliselt ja ajaliselt mitmed loodusteaduslikud ning arheoloogilised andmestikud. Paleogeograafiliste rekonstruktsioonide alusel leiti, et Narva-Lauga piirkonnas oli kiviaegne kĂŒttide-kalurite-korilaste asustus seotud seal u. 7000-5000 aastat tagasi eksisteerinud ulatusliku laguuni kallastega. Ruhnu saarel rajati u. 7200 ja 6200 aastat tagasi kiviaegsed jahilaagrid otse rannavööndisse, vaid mĂ”ne meetri vĂ”rra meretasemest kĂ”rgemale. Samuti Tallinna kesklinnas Vabaduse vĂ€ljaku alal 5000 aasta eest, mis sel ajal moodustas osa avatud lahe rannast. Rekonstruktsioonid nĂ€itasid, et asustusmuster muutus u. 4700 aastat tagasi, mil asulakohti hakati rajama sisemaale seoses ĂŒleminekuga pĂ”lluharimisele ja karjakasvatusele. Töö tulemused kinnitavad loodusteaduslike andmete ja geoinformaatiliste meetoditega arheoloogilisi hĂŒpoteese Eesti ja lĂ€hialade kiviaegse asustuse paiknemise kohta, tĂ€psustavad rannasidusa elatusviisiga ajajĂ€rgu kestust ning kiviaja inimeste elupaigaeelistusi ja kohastumust erinevat tĂŒĂŒpi rannikutel. SeelĂ€bi aitab töö kaasa kultuuripĂ€randi tĂ”lgendamisele ja vÀÀrtustamisele.In the Baltic Sea region many Stone Age settlement sites have been found, which show evidence for shore-connected habitation, but are presently located far from the seashore. In this thesis, past sea level changes and palaeolandscapes around Stone Age settlement sites in Narva-Luga lowland, Tallinn city centre and on Ruhnu Island were reconstructed in order to define the location of the settlements compared to their contemporary shoreline and coastal setting. Geographic information system approach was used for palaeogeographical modelling based on spatio-temporal correlation of datasets originating from several natural science and archaeological research disciplines. Palaeogeographical reconstructions show that in Narva-Luga area hunter-fisher-gatherer settlements were located on the shores of a large lagoon, which existed there c. 7000-5000 years ago. On Ruhnu Island hunting and fishing camps were established directly in the beach zone, only a few metres above sea level at about 7200 and 6200 years ago. Similarly, in Tallinn, 5000 years ago a camp was established on the beach of the wide palaeo-bay, which shore crossed the city centre at that time. The reconstructions showed that this settlement pattern changed c. 4700 years ago, when areas away from the coast were chosen for habitation, indicating a shift in subsistence strategy towards farming. Using data of natural sciences and methods of geoinformatics, the results of this thesis prove archaeological hypotheses about Stone Age settlement pattern and preferred settlement locations, specify the period of the shore-bound habitation and adaption of Stone Age people on different types of coasts. Thus this study contributes to interpretation and valuation of cultural heritage

    Relaxed Queues and Stacks from Read/Write Operations

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    Considering asynchronous shared memory systems in which any number of processes may crash, this work identifies and formally defines relaxations of queues and stacks that can be non-blocking or wait-free while being implemented using only read/write operations. Set-linearizability and Interval-linearizability are used to specify the relaxations formally, and precisely identify the subset of executions which preserve the original sequential behavior. The relaxations allow for an item to be returned more than once by different operations, but only in case of concurrency; we call such a property multiplicity. The stack implementation is wait-free, while the queue implementation is non-blocking. Interval-linearizability is used to describe a queue with multiplicity, with the additional relaxation that a dequeue operation can return weak-empty, which means that the queue might be empty. We present a read/write wait-free interval-linearizable algorithm of a concurrent queue. As far as we know, this work is the first that provides formalizations of the notions of multiplicity and weak-emptiness, which can be implemented on top of read/write registers only

    The Three Pillars of Machine Programming

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    In this position paper, we describe our vision of the future of machine programming through a categorical examination of three pillars of research. Those pillars are:(i) intention,(ii) invention, and (iii) adaptation. Intention emphasizes advancements in the human-to-computer and computer-to-machine-learning interfaces. Invention emphasizes the creation or refinement of algorithms or core hardware and software building blocks through machine learning (ML). Adaptation emphasizes advances in the use of ML-based constructs to autonomously evolve software

    Cyber Threats and NATO 2030: Horizon Scanning and Analysis

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    The book includes 13 chapters that look ahead to how NATO can best address the cyber threats, as well as opportunities and challenges from emerging and disruptive technologies in the cyber domain over the next decade. The present volume addresses these conceptual and practical requirements and contributes constructively to the NATO 2030 discussions. The book is arranged in five short parts...All the chapters in this book have undergone double-blind peer review by at least two external experts.https://scholarworks.wm.edu/asbook/1038/thumbnail.jp

    SMARAD - Centre of Excellence in Smart Radios and Wireless Research - Activity Report 2011 - 2013

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    Centre of Excellence in Smart Radios and Wireless Research (SMARAD), originally established with the name Smart and Novel Radios Research Unit, is aiming at world-class research and education in Future radio and antenna systems, Cognitive radio, Millimetre wave and THz techniques, Sensors, and Materials and energy, using its expertise in RF, microwave and millimeter wave engineering, in integrated circuit design for multi-standard radios as well as in wireless communications. SMARAD has the Centre of Excellence in Research status from the Academy of Finland since 2002 (2002-2007 and 2008-2013). Currently SMARAD consists of five research groups from three departments, namely the Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Department of Micro and Nanosciences, and Department of Signal Processing and Acoustics, all within the Aalto University School of Electrical Engineering. The total number of employees within the research unit is about 100 including 8 professors, about 30 senior scientists and about 40 graduate students and several undergraduate students working on their Master thesis. The relevance of SMARAD to the Finnish society is very high considering the high national income from exports of telecommunications and electronics products. The unit conducts basic research but at the same time maintains close co-operation with industry. Novel ideas are applied in design of new communication circuits and platforms, transmission techniques and antenna structures. SMARAD has a well-established network of co-operating partners in industry, research institutes and academia worldwide. It coordinates a few EU projects. The funding sources of SMARAD are diverse including the Academy of Finland, EU, ESA, Tekes, and Finnish and foreign telecommunications and semiconductor industry. As a by-product of this research SMARAD provides highest-level education and supervision to graduate students in the areas of radio engineering, circuit design and communications through Aalto University and Finnish graduate schools. During years 2011 – 2013, 18 doctor degrees were awarded to the students of SMARAD. In the same period, the SMARAD researchers published 197 refereed journal articles and 360 conference papers

    Modern Problems of Scientometric Assessment of Publication Activity

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    As is known, an objective assessment of scientific activity is one of the most difficult problems, in terms of the relationship within itself as well as with society. However, for many decades, the significance of scientists’ contribution to the development of the corresponding branch of science was assessed by the scientific community only by meaningful qualitative criteria, wherein the principle and mechanism of such an assessment was actually intuitive and defied quantitative description. That is why the urgent task was undertaken to create a system for evaluating scientific activity based on some objective indicators of the activity of a particular scientist; in search of such criteria, in the 1970s–1980s, the term “citation index” appeared. Although a close examination of this indicator revealed its limitations and in a number of cases even inadequacy in assessing scientific activity, it has nevertheless since the 1990s gained very wide popularity in the scientific community. This has contributed to the emergence of numerous works aimed at finding new and ideal indicators for assessing publication activity (so-called bibliometric indices). To date, several dozen such indices have been proposed, the most significant of which was the so-called Hirsch index or h-index. Nevertheless, despite the incredibly significant advances in this specific area of sociology, the above problem is still far from resolved. In this regard, the key task of this Special Issue is to familiarize its readers with the latest achievements both in the search for new, more advanced bibliometric indicators and in the improvement of existing ones
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