Evaluation of the ingestive behaviour of the dairy cow under two systems of rotation with slope

The ingestive behaviour of grazing animals is modulated by the vegetation characteristics, topography and the type of stocking method. This research was carried out in 2019, at the Rumipamba CADER-UCE. It aimed to evaluate the impact of two contrasting stocking methods of dairy cows grazing a pasture with an average of slope >8.5%. Four dairy cows were set to graze a 0.4 ha paddock for 5 days for continuous stocking methods, while for the electric fence methods the dairy cows were restricted to 0.2 ha and the fence was moved uphill every 3 hours, repeating this process four times a day. Cow were equipped with activity sensors for 12 h per day. The whole procedure was repeated 2 times after realizing an equalization cuts and both paddocks, a rest time of 30 days and a random reassignment of paddocks to one of the treatments. The cows showed a difference in terms of the percentage of grazing P=0.0072, being higher with the electric fence (55% of the measurement time). From rising-plate-meter estimates of available biomass along the grazing periods, we calculated despite similar forage allowances (electric fence = 48.06 kg DM/cow/d and continuous = 48.21 DM/cow/d) a higher forage intake was obtained in the electric fence treatment (17.5 kg DM/cow/d) compared the continuous stocking (15.7 kg DM/cow/d) (P=0.006). In terms of milk production animals grazing under the differences electrical fence stocking method tended (P=0.0985) to produce more milk (17.39 kg/d) than those grazing in the continuous system (15.16 kg/d) due to the influence of the slope (P=0.05), while for milk quality the protein content was higher for the electric fence (33.7 g/l) than the continuous method (30.5 g/l) (P=0.039). None of the other milk properties differed between methods (P>0.05)

Mires from pole to pole

Mires from pole to pole is a proceedings volume of the XII biennial International Mire Conservation Group symposium held in Finland 24.-27.7. 2006. The following topics are included in the volume: 1. Towards the understanding of the variety of mires and their conservation in different countries, 2. Patterns in polygon mires in north-eastern Yakutia, Siberia: The Role of Vegetation and Water, 3. Mires on the map of Russia, 4. Development of the large-scale hydrotopography of aapa mires on the land-uplift coastland in northern Finland, 5. The development of patterning on a succession series of aapa-mire systems on the land-uplift coast of northern Ostrobothnia, Finland, 6. The beginning of agriculture in Swedish Lapland, 7. Moss diversity in the mires of the Maanselkä water divide, 8. Vegetation studies and mapping in Juortanansalo mire reserve, eastern Finland, 9. Holocene vegetation dynamics and carbon accumulation of two mires in the Friendship Park, eastern Finland, 10. Vegetation dynamics of the Ileksa-Vodlozero aapa mires, 11. Vegetation of forested mires in the middle boreal subzone of Karelia, 12. Mire flora, vegetation and conservation in the Republic of Karelia, Russia, 13. Mire types of the southern part of Kenozero National Park, Arkhangelsk region, NW Russia, 14. Postdrainage vegetation dynamics in mesotrophic herb-Sphagnum mires of southern Karelia, Russia, 15. The Finnish peat mining paradox: political support to environmental calamity, 16. Nationally and regionally threatened mire mosses in Finland, 17. Assessment of threatened mire habitats in Finland, 18. Monitoring restored peatlands in Finnish nature reserves, 19. Species richness and abundance of butterflies in natural and drained mires in Finland, 20. Impacts of peatland restoration on nutrient leaching in western and southern Finland, 21. Role of protected areas in maintaining the diversity of peat mosses in the Karelian Isthmus and Gulf of Finland islands (Leningrad Region, northwest Russia), 22. Sphagnum cover surface shape variations during vegetation period, 23. Plant cover of natural mires and disturbed peatlands in Meschera National Park, Russia, 24. Management and monitoring of three Latvian raised bogs and a fen, 25. The Origin, Development, and Modern State of Karst Mires in the Tula Region of Russia, 26. Subsidence in bogs. Moving catchment boundaries, changing flow paths and slopes, self-sealing and effects on drying and natural rewetting, 27. The importance of gradual changes and landscape heterogeneity for aquatic macroinvertebrate diversity in mire restoration management, 28. Mires in Slovakia - present status and conservation, 29. Status and Protection of Heilongjiang Wetlands in North-eastern China, 30. Experimental grazing management on peatlands of the French Basque Land, 31. Hydrogeochemical Investigation of Peatlands and related Vegetation Complexes, 32. The invasive alien plant species of Kolkheti lowland, Georgia, 33. Spatial analysis and description of eastern peatlands of Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, 34. Mires Down Under – the Peatlands of Australasia

Meiosis

Meiosis, the process of forming gametes in preparation for sexual reproduction, has long been a focus of intense study. Meiosis has been studied at the cytological, genetic, molecular and cellular levels. Studies in model systems have revealed common underlying mechanisms while in parallel, studies in diverse organisms have revealed the incredible variation in meiotic mechanisms. This book brings together many of the diverse strands of investigation into this fascinating and challenging field of biology