A tool to support documentation and traceability of information elements in a software testing process

Orientadores: Mario Jino, Adalberto Nobiato CrespoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de ComputaçãoResumo: Software possui um papel fundamental em inúmeras aplicações e a qualidade de produtos de software é crucial na competitividade das empresas produtoras de software, que dedicam esforço crescente na busca por boa qualidade nos seus produtos. Neste contexto, o teste é reconhecido como um processo fundamental para alcançar este objetivo; entretanto, testar software sistematicamente não é uma tarefa trivial. Para que o teste tenha efetividade e eficácia, além dos aspectos relacionados à avaliação do software, ele deve fazer uso de documentação de boa qualidade: toda a informação registrada deve estar atualizada e consistente; além disso, informação associada deve ser rastreável. É proposto um modelo de rastreabilidade para a informação contida na documentação do processo de teste; o modelo de dados desenvolvido dá suporte tanto à documentação baseada na norma IEEE Std 829-1998, como à rastreabilidade de toda informação associada; um protótipo de ferramenta foi desenvolvido para implementar o modelo de dados e o modelo de rastreabilidade.Abstract: Software plays a key role in many applications and quality of software products is crucial in the competitivity of software development companies, which are increasingly putting effort in the quest for good quality in their products. In this context, testing is recognized as a key process to achieve this goal; however, systematic software testing is not an easy activity. For testing to have effectiveness and efficacy, in addition to product evaluation aspects, it must make use of good quality documentation: all the recorded information must be up to date and consistent; also, associated information must be traceable. A traceability model is proposed for the information contained in the documentation of the testing process; the data model developed gives support to documentation based on the standard IEEE Std 829-1998, as well as to traceability of all associated information; a prototype tool was developed to implement the data model and the traceability model.MestradoEngenharia de ComputaçãoMestre em Engenharia Elétric

Prometeu - A Tool To Support Documents Generation And Traceability In The Test Process

Systematic software testing isn't trivial. Among other things, testing must be well documented and based on up to date and consistent information to avoid troubles such as incomplete or inappropriate tests. This involves the definition of what must be recorded and the amount of documents, in addition to establishing and controlling diverse links among the many information elements that compose the documents. Documenting and tracing involve the manipulation of a very great amount of information, demanding automated support. This paper presents PROMETEU, a tool to support documents generation and traceability among artifacts and information that comprises the test process documents.133138Beizer, B., (1990) Black-Box Testing: Techniques for Functional Testing of Software and System, , Van Nostrand ReinholdCleland-Huang, J., Event-based traceability for managing evolutionary change (2003) IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 29 (9), pp. 796-810. , SeptemberCraig, R.D., Jaskiel, S.P., (2002) Systematic Software Testing, , Artech HouseCrespo, A.N., Application of the IEEE 829 standard as a basis for structuring the testing process (2002) The Journal of Software Testing Professionals, 3 (3). , DecemberDomges, R., Pohl, K., Adapting traceability environments to project-specific needs (1998) Communications of the ACM, 41 (12), pp. 54-62. , DecemberGotel, O., Finkelstein, A., Contribution structures (1995) Proceedings of 2nd International Symposium on Requirements Engineering, pp. 100-107. , IEEE Computer Society PressIEEE std 610: Standard computer dictionary (1991) Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, , IEEE Std. 610 New York, USAIEEE std 829: Standard for software test documentation (1998) Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, , IEEE Std. 829 New York, USAKaner, C., (2001) Lessons Learned in Software Testing, , WileyLeffingwell, D., Widrig, D., (2000) Managing Software Requirements - A Unified Approach, , Addison-WesleyPfleeger, S.L., Bohner, S.A., A framework for software maintenance metrics (1990) IEEE Conference on Software Maintenance, , NovemberPfleeger, S.L., (2001) Software Engineering: Theory and Practice, , Second Edition. Prentice Hall IncRamesh, B., Jarke, M., Toward reference models for requirements traceability (2001) IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 27 (1), pp. 8-93. , Januar

Evaluation of PD-L1 expression in various formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tumour tissue samples using SP263, SP142 and QR1 antibody clones

Background & objectives: Cancer cells can avoid immune destruction through the inhibitory ligand PD-L1. PD-1 is a surface cell receptor, part of the immunoglobulin family. Its ligand PD-L1 is expressed by tumour cells and stromal tumour infltrating lymphocytes (TIL). Methods: Forty-four cancer cases were included in this study (24 triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC), 10 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 10 malignant melanoma cases). Three clones of monoclonal primary antibodies were compared: QR1 (Quartett), SP 142 and SP263 (Ventana). For visualization, ultraView Universal DAB Detection Kit from Ventana was used on an automated platform for immunohistochemical staining Ventana BenchMark GX. Results: Comparing the sensitivity of two different clones on same tissue samples from TNBC, we found that the QR1 clone gave higher percentage of positive cells than clone SP142, but there was no statistically significant difference. Comparing the sensitivity of two different clones on same tissue samples from malignant melanoma, the SP263 clone gave higher percentage of positive cells than the QR1 clone, but again the difference was not statistically significant. Comparing the sensitivity of two different clones on same tissue samples from NSCLC, we found higher percentage of positive cells using the QR1 clone in comparison with the SP142 clone, but once again, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The three different antibody clones from two manufacturers Ventana and Quartett, gave comparable results with no statistically significant difference in staining intensity/ percentage of positive tumour and/or immune cells. Therefore, different PD-L1 clones from different manufacturers can potentially be used to evaluate the PD- L1 status in different tumour tissues. Due to the serious implications of the PD-L1 analysis in further treatment decisions for cancer patients, every antibody clone, staining protocol and evaluation process should be carefully and meticulously validated

Algoritarismos

Este libro nace con la voluntad de compilar algunos de los trabajos que, desde la llamada frontera del conocimiento, dan cuenta de lo que he venido en denominar Algoritarismos, esto es, las complejas relaciones contemporáneas entre la tecnología y la vida