1,619,260 research outputs found
Population Dynamics of Myzuspersicae (Sulzer) on Intercropping Potatoes with Other Plants on Karo Highland
Green peach aphid (MyzuspersicaeSulze) represents one of the major pest affecting decreased production which found in different potato fields in Karo highland. Decreasing incurredin two ways: the direct damages that are caused by the insectfeeding on the plants and the indirect damages caused to potato planting materials as a virus vector. There are different methods for controlling green peach aphids, all of them relying inthe use of chemicals and this method makes food production contaminated by pesticide residu. So, using non-chemical methods of cultivation contribute to “ecological” food production.Intercropping is one way of reducing pest insect populations in such vegetable crops.This study was conducted to determine the population dynamics of Myzuspersicae (Sulzer) on Intercropping system of potato plant with other vegetables plant on Karo Highland. The host plant was cultivar Granola of potato and the intercropping plant respectively were cabbage, mustard, celery, onions, carrot and bean. The results showed that M. persicae was consistently at different densities in different intercropping plant on potato. The aphid was first recorded at three week until planting. The kind of inter cropping culture plants significantly reduced the number of aphid. The lowest number of aphid found respectively inintercroppingpotatoesandmustard, potatoesandonions, andpotatoesandcelery. There was 0.80 aphids /leaf, 1,12aphids/leaf, 1,48 aphids/leaf. At the 2nd observation found the number of aphid was lowest atpolyculture potatoes and mustards were 1,68 aphid/leaf, at popatoes and onions were 3,28 aphid/leaf, at popatoes and celery 3,00 aphid/leaf. The number of aphids steadily increased with significant at differencesintercroppingplant till the 3rd observation (9 weeks until planting) respectively where 2,80aphid/leaf, 3,42 aphid / leaf and 4,20 aphid/leafwere recorded. Observation for natural enemies of M. persicaeshowed that fewnatural enemiesfound in theagro-ecosystem. There are Episyrphusbalteatus, Chrysoperlacarnea, phidiusmatricarieae and Coccinellaseptempunctata. The population density of all of the natural enemies was highest at polyculture than monoculture of potato. After that, as the population of M. persicae started decline, the same trend was followed by all of its natural enemies
Constrained distributed optimization : A population dynamics approach
Large-scale network systems involve a large number of states, which makes the design of real-time controllers a challenging task. A distributed controller design allows to reduce computational requirements since tasks are divided into different systems, allowing real-time processing. This paper proposes a novel methodology for solving constrained optimization problems in a distributed way inspired by population dynamics. This methodology consists of an extension of a population dynamics equation and the introduction of a mass dynamics equation. The proposed methodology divides the problem into smaller sub-problems, whose feasible regions vary over time achieving an agreement to solve the global problem. The methodology also guarantees attraction to the feasible region and allows to have few changes in the decision-making design when a network suffers the addition/removal of nodes/edges. Then, distributed controllers are designed with the proposed methodology and applied to the large-scale Barcelona Drinking Water Network (BDWN). Some simulations are presented and discussed in order to illustrate the control performance.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
Population dynamics of Windermere perch
This paper looks briefly at some of the more recent analyses and interpretations of the changes that have occurred in the population dynamics of Windermere perch and at the present level of understanding. The long-term study has shown how flexible the population is and how it has behaved in different ways over successive periods of time since 1939. Through one of these periods it was possible to account for nearly all the variance in recruitment by a relatively simple explanatory model. The reduction in numbers on the outbreak of disease in 1976 started a natural experiment which will form a baseline for future studies
Particle Statistics and Population Dynamics
We study a master equation system modelling a population dynamics problem in
a lattice. The problem is the calculation of the minimum size of a refuge that
can protect a population from hostile external conditions, the so called
critical patch size problem. We analize both cases in which the particles are
considered fermions and bosons and show using exact analitical methods that,
while the Fermi-Dirac statistics leads to certain extinction for any refuge
size, the Bose-Eistein statistics allows survival even for the minimal refuge
Stochastic gain in population dynamics
We introduce an extension of the usual replicator dynamics to adaptive
learning rates. We show that a population with a dynamic learning rate can gain
an increased average payoff in transient phases and can also exploit external
noise, leading the system away from the Nash equilibrium, in a reasonance-like
fashion. The payoff versus noise curve resembles the signal to noise ratio
curve in stochastic resonance. Seen in this broad context, we introduce another
mechanism that exploits fluctuations in order to improve properties of the
system. Such a mechanism could be of particular interest in economic systems.Comment: accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Let
Discreteness Effects in Population Dynamics
We analyse numerically the effects of small population size in the initial
transient regime of a simple example population dynamics. These effects play an
important role for the numerical determination of large deviation functions of
additive observables for stochastic processes. A method commonly used in order
to determine such functions is the so-called cloning algorithm which in its
non-constant population version essentially reduces to the determination of the
growth rate of a population, averaged over many realizations of the dynamics.
However, the averaging of populations is highly dependent not only on the
number of realizations of the population dynamics, and on the initial
population size but also on the cut-off time (or population) considered to stop
their numerical evolution. This may result in an over-influence of discreteness
effects at initial times, caused by small population size. We overcome these
effects by introducing a (realization-dependent) time delay in the evolution of
populations, additional to the discarding of the initial transient regime of
the population growth where these discreteness effects are strong. We show that
the improvement in the estimation of the large deviation function comes
precisely from these two main contributions
Nonlinear Relaxation in Population Dynamics
We analyze the nonlinear relaxation of a complex ecosystem composed of many
interacting species. The ecological system is described by generalized
Lotka-Volterra equations with a multiplicative noise. The transient dynamics is
studied in the framework of the mean field theory and with random interaction
between the species. We focus on the statistical properties of the asymptotic
behaviour of the time integral of the i-th population and on the distribution
of the population and of the local field.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, in press in Int. Journal of Fractals (2001
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