P-model Alternative to the T-model

Standard linguistic analysis of syntax uses the T-model. This model requires the ordering: D-structure $>$ S-structure $>$ LF, where D-structure is the deep structure, S-structure is the surface structure, and LF is logical form. Between each of these representations there is movement which alters the order of the constituent words; movement is achieved using the principles and parameters of syntactic theory. Psychological analysis of sentence production is usually either serial or connectionist. Psychological serial models do not accommodate the T-model immediately so that here a new model called the P-model is introduced. The P-model is different from previous linguistic and psychological models. Here it is argued that the LF representation should be replaced by a variant of Frege's three qualities (sense, reference, and force), called the Frege representation or F-representation. In the F-representation the order of elements is not necessarily the same as that in LF and it is suggested that the correct ordering is: F-representation $>$ D-structure $>$ S-structure. This ordering appears to lead to a more natural view of sentence production and processing. Within this framework movement originates as the outcome of emphasis applied to the sentence. The requirement that the F-representation precedes the D-structure needs a picture of the particular principles and parameters which pertain to movement of words between representations. In general this would imply that there is a preferred or optimal ordering of the symbolic string in the F-representation. The standard ordering is retained because the general way of producing such an optimal ordering is unclear. In this case it is possible to produce an analysis of movement between LF and D-structure similar to the usual analysis of movement between S-structure and LF. It is suggested that a maximal amount of information about a language's grammar and lexicon is stored, because of the necessity of analyzing corrupted data

An alternative order parameter for the 4-state Potts model

We have investigated the dynamic critical behavior of the two-dimensional 4-state Potts model using an alternative order parameter first used by Vanderzande [J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. \textbf{20}, L549 (1987)] in the study of the Z(5) model. We have estimated the global persistence exponent $\theta_g$ by following the time evolution of the probability $P(t)$ that the considered order parameter does not change its sign up to time $t$. We have also obtained the critical exponents $\theta$, $z$, $\nu$, and $\beta$ using this alternative definition of the order parameter and our results are in complete agreement with available values found in literature.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure

Thermodynamic interpretation of the scaling of the dynamics of supercooled liquids

The recently discovered scaling law for the relaxation times, tau=f(T,V^g), where T is temperature and V the specific volume, is derived by a revision of the entropy model of the glass transition dynamics originally proposed by Avramov [I. Avramov, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 262, 258 (2000).]. In this modification the entropy is calculated by an alternative route, while retaining the approximation that the heat capacity is constant with T and P. The resulting expression for the variation of the relaxation time with T and V is shown to accurately fit experimental data for several glass-forming liquids and polymers over an extended range encompassing the dynamic crossover. From this analysis, which is valid for any model in which the relaxation time is a function of the entropy. we find that the scaling exponent g can be identified with the Gruneisen constant.Comment: 24 pages, 7 figure

High-Temperature Hall Effect in Ga(1-x)Mn(x)As

The temperature dependence of the Hall coefficient of a series of ferromagnetic Ga(1-x)Mn(x)As samples is measured in the temperature range 80K < T < 500K. We model the Hall coefficient assuming a magnetic susceptibility given by the Curie-Weiss law, a spontaneous Hall coefficient proportional to rho_xx^2(T), and including a constant diamagnetic contribution in the susceptibility. For all low resistivity samples this model provides excellent fits to the measured data up to T=380K and allows extraction of the hole concentration (p). The calculated p are compared to alternative methods of determining hole densities in these materials: pulsed high magnetic field (up to 55 Tesla) technique at low temperatures (less than the Curie temperature), and electrochemical capacitance- voltage profiling. We find that the Anomalous Hall Effect (AHE) contribution to rho_xy is substantial even well above the Curie temperature. Measurements of the Hall effect in this temperature regime can be used as a testing ground for theoretical descriptions of transport in these materials. We find that our data are consistent with recently published theories of the AHE, but they are inconsistent with theoretical models previously used to describe the AHE in conventional magnetic materials.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. Accepted to Phys.Rev.

Phenomenology of Mirror Fermions in the Littlest Higgs Model with T-Parity

Little Higgs models are an interesting alternative to explain electroweak symmetry breaking without fine-tuning. Supplemented with a discrete symmetry (T-parity) constraints from electroweak precision data are naturally evaded and also a viable dark matter candidate is obtained. T-parity implies the existence of new (mirror) fermions in addition to the heavy gauge bosons of the little Higgs models. In this paper we consider the effects of the mirror fermions on the phenomenology of the littlest Higgs model with T-parity at the LHC. We study the most promising production channels and decay chains for the new particles. We find that the mirror fermions have a large impact on the magnitude of signal rates and on the new physics signatures. Realistic background estimates are given.Comment: 13 p

Alternative splicing and nonsense-mediated decay regulate telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression during virus-induced lymphomagenesis in vivo

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Telomerase activation, a critical step in cell immortalization and oncogenesis, is partly regulated by alternative splicing. In this study, we aimed to use the Marek's disease virus (MDV) T-cell lymphoma model to evaluate TERT regulation by splicing during lymphomagenesis <it>in vivo</it>, from the start point to tumor establishment.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We first screened cDNA libraries from the chicken MDV lymphoma-derived MSB-1 T- cell line, which we compared with B (DT40) and hepatocyte (LMH) cell lines. The chTERT splicing pattern was cell line-specific, despite similar high levels of telomerase activity. We identified 27 alternative transcripts of chicken TERT (chTERT). Five were in-frame alternative transcripts without <it>in vitro </it>telomerase activity in the presence of viral or chicken telomerase RNA (vTR or chTR), unlike the full-length transcript. Nineteen of the 22 transcripts with a premature termination codon (PTC) harbored a PTC more than 50 nucleotides upstream from the 3' splice junction, and were therefore predicted targets for nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). The major PTC-containing alternatively spliced form identified in MSB1 (ie10) was targeted to the NMD pathway, as demonstrated by UPF1 silencing. We then studied three splicing events separately, and the balance between in-frame alternative splice variants (d5f and d10f) plus the NMD target i10ec and constitutively spliced chTERT transcripts during lymphomagenesis induced by MDV indicated that basal telomerase activity in normal T cells was associated with a high proportion of in-frame non functional isoforms and a low proportion of constitutively spliced chTERT. Telomerase upregulation depended on an increase in active constitutively spliced chTERT levels and coincided with a switch in alternative splicing from an in-frame variant to NMD-targeted variants.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>TERT regulation by splicing plays a key role in telomerase upregulation during lymphomagenesis, through the sophisticated control of constitutive and alternative splicing. Using the MDV T-cell lymphoma model, we identified a chTERT splice variant as a new NMD target.</p

Effect of Creative Productive Learning Model Assisted by Visual Media and Learning Inquiry Model with Media Assistance Concept Map on Student Learning Outcomes in Science Subjects in Class V SD Negeri 7 Poso

This study aimed to determine the Effect of Creative Productive Learning Model Assisted by Visual Media and Learning Inquiry Model with Media Assistance Concept Map on Student Learning Outcomes in Science Subjects in Class V SD Negeri 7 Poso. This research was an experimental research. The population was the seventh grade students of SD Negeri 7 Poso amounting to 50 students, the samples used as the source of research data were the Va class students amounted to 25 students and Vb class amounted to 25 students. The data collection methods conducted in this study was the students' test result. Data analysis techniques used in this study included hypothesis prerequisite test and hypothesis testing. The results of the first hypothesis with SPSS program obtained significant value for t test results of 18.728 was greater than t table of 2.064 and the value of p = 0,000 &lt;0.05 so that the alternative hypothesis states that there is influence of productive creative learning model assisted visual media to the learning outcomes students of Grade V of SD Negeri 7 Poso on Science subjects (Natural Science) was accepted. The result of second hypothesis calculation with SPSS program got significant value for result of test of t test equal to 19,316 bigger than t table equal to 2,064 and value p = 0,000 &lt;0,05 so alternative hypothesis that there is influence of model of inquiry learning inquiry media concept map to learning result students of Grade V of SD Negeri 7 Poso on Science subjects (Natural Science) was accepted. The results of the third hypothesis with SPSS program obtained Fcount value of 12.292 larger than F tabel of 4.043 and the value of p = 0.001 &lt;0.05 so that the alternative hypothesis states that there is influence of creative learning model assisted visual media and inquiry learning model assisted media concept map simultaneous to the result of learning of grade V of SD Negeri 7 Poso on science subject (Natural Science) was accepted