133,062 research outputs found
Colored operads, series on colored operads, and combinatorial generating systems
We introduce bud generating systems, which are used for combinatorial
generation. They specify sets of various kinds of combinatorial objects, called
languages. They can emulate context-free grammars, regular tree grammars, and
synchronous grammars, allowing us to work with all these generating systems in
a unified way. The theory of bud generating systems uses colored operads.
Indeed, an object is generated by a bud generating system if it satisfies a
certain equation in a colored operad. To compute the generating series of the
languages of bud generating systems, we introduce formal power series on
colored operads and several operations on these. Series on colored operads are
crucial to express the languages specified by bud generating systems and allow
us to enumerate combinatorial objects with respect to some statistics. Some
examples of bud generating systems are constructed; in particular to specify
some sorts of balanced trees and to obtain recursive formulas enumerating
these.Comment: 48 page
Generating functions for generating trees
Certain families of combinatorial objects admit recursive descriptions in
terms of generating trees: each node of the tree corresponds to an object, and
the branch leading to the node encodes the choices made in the construction of
the object. Generating trees lead to a fast computation of enumeration
sequences (sometimes, to explicit formulae as well) and provide efficient
random generation algorithms. We investigate the links between the structural
properties of the rewriting rules defining such trees and the rationality,
algebraicity, or transcendence of the corresponding generating function.Comment: This article corresponds, up to minor typo corrections, to the
article submitted to Discrete Mathematics (Elsevier) in Nov. 1999, and
published in its vol. 246(1-3), March 2002, pp. 29-5
Algorithms for Combinatorial Systems: Well-Founded Systems and Newton Iterations
We consider systems of recursively defined combinatorial structures. We give
algorithms checking that these systems are well founded, computing generating
series and providing numerical values. Our framework is an articulation of the
constructible classes of Flajolet and Sedgewick with Joyal's species theory. We
extend the implicit species theorem to structures of size zero. A quadratic
iterative Newton method is shown to solve well-founded systems combinatorially.
From there, truncations of the corresponding generating series are obtained in
quasi-optimal complexity. This iteration transfers to a numerical scheme that
converges unconditionally to the values of the generating series inside their
disk of convergence. These results provide important subroutines in random
generation. Finally, the approach is extended to combinatorial differential
systems.Comment: 61 page
Noncommutative Symmetric Systems over Associative Algebras
This paper is the first of a sequence papers ([Z4]--[Z7]) on the {\it
CS systems} over differential
operator algebras in commutative or noncommutative variables ([Z4]); the
CS systems over the Grossman-Larson Hopf algebras ([GL],[F]) of
labeled rooted trees ([Z6]); as well as their connections and applications to
the inversion problem ([BCW],[E4]) and specializations of NCSFs ([Z5],[Z7]). In
this paper, inspired by the seminal work [GKLLRT] on NCSFs (noncommutative
symmetric functions), we first formulate the notion {\it CS
systems} over associative -algebras. We then prove some results for
CS systems in general; the CS systems over
bialgebras or Hopf algebras; and the universal CS system formed
by the generating functions of certain NCSFs in [GKLLRT]. Finally, we review
some of the main results that will be proved in the followed papers [Z4], [Z6]
and [Z7] as some supporting examples for the general discussions given in this
paper.Comment: A connection of NCS systems with combinatorial Hopf algebras of M.
Aguiar, N. Bergeron and F. Sottile has been added in Remark 2.17. Latex, 32
page
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