Capabilities for External Uniqueness

Unique object references have many important applications in object-oriented programming. For instance, with sufficient encapsulation properties they enable safe and efficient transfer of message objects between concurrent processes. However, it is a long-standing challenge to integrate unique references into practical object-oriented programming languages. This paper introduces a new approach to external uniqueness. The idea is to use capabilities for enforcing both aliasing constraints that guarantee external uniqueness, and linear consumption of unique references. We formalize our approach as a type system, and prove a type preservation theorem. Type safety rests on an alias invariant that builds on a novel formalization of external uniqueness. We show how a capability-based type system can be used to integrate external uniqueness into widely available object- oriented programming languages. Practical experience suggests that our system allows adding uniqueness information to common collection classes in a simple and concise way

Capabilities for Uniqueness and Borrowing

An important application of unique object references is safe and efficient message passing in concurrent object-oriented programming. However, to prevent the ill effects of aliasing, practical systems often severely restrict the shape of messages passed by reference. Moreover, the problematic interplay between destructive reads--often used to implement unique references--and temporary aliasing through "borrowed" references is exacerbated in a concurrent setting, increasing the potential for unpredictable run-time errors. This paper introduces a new approach to uniqueness. The idea is to use capabilities for enforcing both at-most-once consumption of unique references, and a flexible notion of uniqueness. The main novelty of our approach is a model of uniqueness and borrowing based on simple, unstructured capabilities. The advantages are: first, it provides simple foundations for uniqueness and borrowing. Second, it can be formalized using a relatively simple type system, for which we provide a complete soundness proof. Third, it avoids common problems involving borrowing and destructive reads, since unique references subsume borrowed references. We have implemented our type system as an extension to Scala. Practical experience suggests that our system allows type checking real-world actor-based concurrent programs with only a small number of additional type annotations

Mustang Daily, September 22, 1972

Student newspaper of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA.https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/studentnewspaper/2884/thumbnail.jp

The Community of Steinkopf : an stenographic study and an analysis of social °hangs in Namaqualand

This thesis consists mainly of an analysis of the social structure of a small community of rural Coloured people who live on a reserve surrounding the old mission station, Steinkopf, in the North-Western Cape Province. It has been written primarily as an ethnographic study of one of the constituent communities of a composite society, the Republic of South Africa, although a chapter has been devoted to the comparison of Steinkopf with the four other reserves in the Namaqualand district. I have attempted also to desscribe and analyse certain of the processes of social change in the North-Western Cape with particular reference to these Coloured Reserves

The Community of Steinkopf : an stenographic study and an analysis of social °hangs in Namaqualand

This thesis consists mainly of an analysis of the social structure of a small community of rural Coloured people who live on a reserve surrounding the old mission station, Steinkopf, in the North-Western Cape Province. It has been written primarily as an ethnographic study of one of the constituent communities of a composite society, the Republic of South Africa, although a chapter has been devoted to the comparison of Steinkopf with the four other reserves in the Namaqualand district. I have attempted also to desscribe and analyse certain of the processes of social change in the North-Western Cape with particular reference to these Coloured Reserves

Malaysian bilateral trade relations and economic growth

This paper examines the structure and trends of Malaysian bilateral exports and imports and then investigates whether these bilateral exports and imports have caused Malaysian economic growth. Although the structure of Malaysia’s trade has changed quite significantly over the last three decades, the direction of Malaysia’s trade remains generally the same. Broadly, ASEAN, the EU, East Asia, the US and Japan continue to be the Malaysia’s major trading partners. The Granger causality tests have shown that it is the bilateral imports that have caused economic growth in Malaysia rather than the bilateral exports

Exchange rate misalignments in ASEAN-5 countries

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the exchange rate misalignments for Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand before the currency crisis. By employing the sticky-price monetary exchange rate model in the environment of vector error-correction, the results indicate that the Indonesia rupiah, Malaysian ringgit, Philippines peso and Singapore dollar were overvalued before the currency crisis while Thai baht was undervalued on the eve of the crisis. However, they suffered modest misalignment. Therefore, little evidence of exchange misalignment is found to exist in 1997:2. In particular, Indonesia rupiah, Malaysia ringgit, Philippines peso and Singapore dollar were only overvalued about 1 to 4 percent against US dollar while the Thai baht was only 2 percent undervalued against US dollar

Pameran Reka Cipta, Penyelidikan dan Inovasi (PRPI) 2009

PRPI 2009 kini telah memasuki tahun penganjurannya yang ke-7. Pameran penyelidikan di UPM telah bermula sejak tahun 1997 semasa Exhibition & Seminar Harnessing for Industry Advantage. Pada tahun 2002, Pameran Reka Cipta dan Penyelidikan (PRP) buat pertama kali telah diadakan dengan menggunakan konsep pertandingan hasil projek penyelidikan yang telah dijalankan oleh para penyelidik UPM. Kejayaan penganjuran PRP 2002 telah merintis usaha untuk menjadikannya sebagai aktiviti tahunan UPM dan ianya terus berkembang sejajar dengan nama baharunya yang ditukar kepada Pameran Reka Cipta, Penyelidikan dan Inovasi yang bermula penganjurannya pada tahun 2005. Sebagai kesinambungan daripada kejayaan penganjuran PRPI 2006, 2007 dan 2008 yang lalu dan status UPM sebagai salah sebuah Universiti Penyelidikan, PRPI 2009 kali ini yang merupakan pameran penyelidikan yang terbesar di UPM terus dilaksanakan dengan aspirasi dan semangat yang lebih jitu. Pameran ini juga menjadi pelantar kepada para penyelidik untuk mengenengahkan hasil penyelidikan yang dijalankan dan penemuan baharu kepada umum. Di samping itu ianya juga menjadi penanda aras terhadap kualiti sesuatu projek penyelidikan bagi melayakkan para penyelidik UPM untuk menyertai pameran di peringkat kebangsaan dan seterusnya antarabangsa. Adalah diharapkan pelaksanaan PRPI 2009 ini akan dapat menyemarakkan budaya penyelidikan di kalangan staf dan juga pelajar UPM sekaligus menjadikan UPM sebagai Universiti Penyelidikan yang cemerlang di negara ini

New Developments in Renewable Energy

Renewable energy is defined as the energy which naturally occurs, covers a number of sources and technologies at different stages, and is theoretically inexhaustible. Renewable energy sources such as those who are generated from sun or wind are the most readily-available and possible solutions to address the challenge of growing energy demands in the world. Newer and environmentally friendly technologies are able to provide different social and environmental benefits such as employment and decent environment. Renewable energy technologies are crucial contributors to world energy security, reduce reliance on fossil fuels, and provide opportunities for mitigating greenhouse gases. International public opinion indicates that there is strong support for a variety of methods for solving energy supply problems, one of which is utilizing renewable energy sources. In recent years, countries realized that that the renewable energy and its sector are key components for greener economies

Free miners and colliers: custom, the crown and trade unionism in the Forest of Dean, 1788-1886

This thesis examines the impact of social and economic change on the practice of "free mining" in the Forest of Dean between 1788 and 1886, asking how and why the free miners' "rights" altered over that period and what the consequences of their survival were for the development of trade unionism among the Forest miners. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first of them discusses the free miners' rights and argues that they should be seen as part of a group of uses, including commoning and the occupation of Crown land, which its inhabitants made of the Forest in the eighteenth century. These uses came under pressure between 1788 and 1841 from reforms in central government and the intrusion of strangers from outside the Forest into the mining industry. A series of Acts of Parliament between 1838 and 1841 consolidated the new order in the Forest but the bargaining which preceded that legislation resulted in the preservation - though in a diluted form - of the miners' rights and of commoning. Part two asks whether the partial survival of these customs acted as a socially conservative influence which might have explained the relative weakness of trade unionism among the Forest's colliers. It is argued that the instability of union may be explained by reference to the organization of the industry and its markets, to the method of work organization in the pits, which created divisions among the miners, and to the inadequacies of "national" miners' unionism. Though it is not necessary to invoke the peculiar local rights and customs to account for the weakness of unionism in Dean, Part three will contend that they remained important to many foresters. Renewed pressure from the Crown and from the large coalowners, on both the free miners and commoners, and the resistance of the foresters to change, are examined. The character of that resistance took colour from the assumptions and rhetoric of the union and in turn reinforced and helped to make successful, a campaign by the union for the separate representation of the working men in the Parliament